Freshwater a precious resource
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Freshwater is a precious resource that makes up a small percentage of Earth's total water. Only about 2.5% of the world's water is freshwater, and much of that is locked up in icecaps and glaciers or located deep underground. Freshwater is unevenly distributed across the planet and not easily accessible in many locations. Satellites play an important role in monitoring Earth's water cycle and tracking the availability and distribution of freshwater globally.
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Freshwater a precious resource
- 1. Freshwater: A Precious Resource Dorian Janney Education Specialist Global Precipitation Measurement mission SMAP/GPM Teacher Workshop June 26th, 2013
- 2. ext he N et : Hav Begun? old ue G e Wars Bl rc esou R
- 3. ENGAGE
- 5. Freshwater vs. Saltwater How much of Earth’s water is freshwater? We will make a model of Earth’s freshwater. 1.Take the plastic cup, and imagine that the cup is a model of Earth’s surface. 2.Fill up ~ 75% with water. This represents how much of Earth’s surface is covered with water. 3.Take out one eye-dropper of water, and place it in the small medicine cup. This represents how much of Earth’s water is freshwater- ~ 2.5% 4.Take one drop of this water- this represents how much freshwater is easily accessible to us!
- 6. Freshwater is a precious resource. http://ga.water.usgs.gov/edu/earthwherewater.html
- 7. Where is all the water on Earth?
- 8. Earth’s Water Resources Water Source Water volume % of total water (cubic miles) Oceans 317,000,000 97.24% Glaciers & icecaps 7,000,000 2.14% Groundwater 2,000,000 0.61% Fresh-water lakes 30,000 0.009% Inland seas 25,000 0.008% Soil moisture 16,000 0.005% Atmosphere 3,100 0.001% Rivers 300 0.0001%
- 10. The Big Picture The Freshwater Connection Link to GPM movie
- 11. Freshwater is not evenly distributed. http://www.drinking-water.org/html/en/Overview/index.html © United Nations Environment Programme
- 12. How do we use freshwater? In addition to home use, fresh water is used for transportation, agriculture, heating and cooling, industry, livestock, and many other purposes. That one percent of water is primarily used in eight different ways, or categories: • Domestic. Residential home indoor and outdoor use, such as drinking, cleaning, and watering lawns • Public supply. Public and commercial buildings, such as schools and restaurants • Irrigation. Watering systems for farms that grow food
- 13. Freshwater Usage • Livestock. Watering systems for animals on ranches and farms • Aquaculture- Watering systems for fish farms and hatcheries • Industrial -Water used for manufacturing products, including food, paper, and petroleum products • Mining- Water used for extracting natural resources such as metals, minerals, natural gas, and oil • Thermoelectric- Water used for generating electricity using steam-driven generators
- 14. Estimated Water Use in US Thermoelectric 49% Public Supply 11% Domestic 1% Irrigation 31% Other- 8%: Mining 1%, Industrial 4%, Aquaculture 2%, Livestock 1% From the American Water Works Assoc.
- 17. Keeping track of freshwater • Rain gauges- not evenly distributed, none over oceans, measures at local level which varies widely • Weather radar- ground-based, not evenly distributed, not over oceans, measures at local level • Satellites: operational and research, global level NOAA, NWS- operational: predicting, forecasting NASA- research: Impact of climate change on freshwater availability Impact of global rainfall on natural disasters: drought, tropical cyclones, landslides, etc… World health concerns: water-borne disease, water availability, etc…
Notas do Editor
- In this hands-on activity, participants will model how much of Earth’s surface is covered by water, and then will see how much of that water is actually freshwater that is accessible to us for our needs. This activity will be done by pairs of participants (each pair will need a plastic cup, a smaller medicine cup, an eye-dropper, and a water source). I will use a PowerPoint presentation to introduce the directions and provide additional information on each aspect of the model that we make. We will also see a GPM video clip entitled, “The Freshwater Connection” (1:24 )
- Dalia
- Engage: Ask students what they observe. Help them to identify water in all three forms- as a liquid in the oceans, as a gas in the clouds, and as a solid in the North Pole ice packs.
- Use this slide to reinforce the fact that water exists in three forms- and help them to discover that it is the temperature that causes water to change from one form to the other.
- Each small group (about 4-6) of students will need a clear plastic cup, access to water, a smaller medicine cup or petri dish, and an eye-dropper.
- In the pie charts above, the top pie chart shows that over 99 percent of all water (oceans, seas, ice, most saline water, and atmospheric water) is not available for our uses. And even of the remaining fraction of one percent (the small brown slice in the top pie chart), much of that is out of reach. Considering that most of the water we use in everyday life comes from rivers (the small dark blue slice in the bottom pie chart), you'll see we generally only make use of a tiny portion of the available water supplies. The bottom pie shows that the vast majority of the fresh water available for our uses is stored in the ground (the large grey slice in the second pie chart). http://ga.water.usgs.gov/edu/earthwherewater.html
- Where is Earth's water located and in what forms does it exist? You can see how water is distributed by viewing these bar charts. The left-side bar shows where the water on Earth exists; about 97 percent of all water is in the oceans. The middle bar shows the distribution of that three percent of all Earth's water that is freshwater. The majority, about 69 percent, is locked up in glaciers and icecaps, mainly in Greenland and Antarctica. You might be surprised that of the remaining freshwater, almost all of it is below your feet, as groundwater. No matter where on Earth you are standing, chances are that, at some depth, the ground below you is saturated with water. Of all the freshwater on Earth, only about 0.3 percent is contained in rivers and lakes—yet rivers and lakes are where most of the water we use in our everyday lives exists.
- Discuss difference between fresh and salt water- emphasize need for freshwater to meet our needs, explain why we can’t use salt water for our needs
- Gail
- Freshwater is not evenly distributed over the planet.
- You can skip these slides unless you have time and want to discuss the ways we use freshwater in our daily lives.
- See note for previous slide
- Graphic display of data presented- amount of freshwater we use in US for various purposes.