1) The Earth, Sun and Moon exist in a complex system of orbits where the Moon revolves around the Earth and the Earth revolves around the Sun.
2) As the Moon orbits the Earth, the illuminated portion that we see from Earth changes in a cycle called phases, ranging from new moon to full moon and back over about two weeks.
3) Lunar and solar eclipses occur when the Moon passes between the Earth and Sun, casting its shadow on either the Moon or Earth, and can be total or partial depending on the alignment of the three bodies.
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