Meeting Presentation, Policy Committee, May 28, 2015

DES MOINES AREA MPO
Policy Committee Meeting
May 28, 2015

May 28, 2015 Agenda
1. Call to Order
2. VOTE: Approval of Agenda
3. VOTE: Approval of Meeting Minutes
4. CONSENT and VOTE: Approval of April 2015 Financial Statement
5. PUBLIC INPUT: TIP Revisions
6. PRESENTATION: Smart Growth America Fiscal Impact Study
7. PRESENTATION: Green Streets
8. REPORT and VOTE: Fiscal Year 2016 Unified Planning Work Program and Budget
9. REPORT and VOTE: Fiscal Year 2015 Unified Planning Work Program and Budget – Fourth Amendment
10. REPORT and VOTE: TIGER Program Letter of Support
11. REPORT and VOTE: FAA Reauthorization Letter of Support
12. REPORT and VOTE: Executive Director Annual Review
13. REPORT and VOTE: Federal Fiscal Year 2015-2018 TIP Amendment Request
14. REPORT: Communicating Complete Streets
15. REPORT: Trail Counter Report
16. REPORT: 2015 Speaker Series
17. INFORMATION: MPO Progress Report
18. Other Non-Action Items of Interest to the Committee
19. Next Meeting Date – Thursday, June 18, 2015 – 4:00 pm, Des Moines Area MPO Office
20. Adjournment

PUBLIC COMMENT
FFY 2015-2018 Transportation Improvement Program Revision Request

Fiscal Implications of Development
Patterns

DOZENS OF STUDIES CONFIRM:
LOW-DENSITY SPRAWL COSTS MORE THAN SMART GROWTH

DOZENS OF STUDIES CONFIRM:
SMART GROWTH AND WALKABILITY GENERATE HIGHER VALUES

Policy Implications
• Better land use and
transportation planning
• Taxpayer fairness
• Establish as routine
component of planning and
development approvals
Economic Implications
• Better “asset” management
• Plan for growth and costs in
efficient ways
• Do more with less, and more
with more
OUR OBJECTIVE:
APPLY KNOWLEDGE OF COSTS AND REVENUES ASSOCIATED
WITH DEVELOPMENT PATTERNS TO LOCAL PLANNING DECISIONS

THE TRADITIONAL AVERAGE COST
FISCAL IMPACT MODEL
=
Option A Option B
• Costs are assumed to be proportional to residents and employees
• Same number of residents = same additional costs regardless of
density

WHAT COST CATEGORIES MIGHT VARY BY DENSITY?
Services & Infrastructure
Fire
Roads
Stormwater
Sewer and Water
Solid Waste
Schools
Libraries
Hospitals
Parks
Police

Services & Infrastructure Dependent on Density
Fire Yes
Roads Yes
Stormwater Yes
Sewer and Water Yes
Solid Waste Yes (collection)
Schools Yes (bus transportation)
Libraries No
Hospitals No
Parks No
Police Maybe
WHAT COST CATEGORIES MIGHT VARY BY DENSITY?

INFRASTRUCTURE COST METHODOLOGY
THE GRID OVERLAY

y = 69.07x-0.599
R² = 0.9479
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
0 100 200 300
RoadLength(ft.)perCapita
(ResidentsandEmployees)
Residents and Employees per Acre
ROAD LENGTH AND AREA PER CAPITA DECREASES AS
DENSITY INCREASES
Samples from West Des Moines/Des Moines
Residents: 2,228
Employees: 262
Total: 2,490
Total Res. & Emp Per Acre: 10.33
Total Road Length: 36,622
Road Length per Capita: 14 ft.
Suburban Residential
Downtown Urban
Residents: 1,609
Employees: 27,940
Total: = 29,549
Total Res. & Emp Per Acre: 306
Total Road Length: 56,738
Road Length per Capita: 1.9 ft.
NOTE: Chart shows road length only.
Road area per capita has a similar relationship to density.

R² = 0.9774
0
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
1,400
1,600
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400
RoadArea(SF)perCapita
Population and Employees per Acre
ROAD LENGTH AND AREA PER CAPITA DECREASES
AS DENSITY INCREASES – ARLINGTON, VA

$0
$20
$40
$60
$80
$100
$120
$140
$160
Low Density Average Density High Density
Other Costs per Capita Pipe Maintenance Costs per Capita
Revenue per Capita
LOW DENSITY DEVELOPMENT REQUIRES MORE PIPE –
MEANING HIGHER MAINTENANCE COSTS
Water and Sanitary Costs per Capita (Illustrative Only)

School Transportation Costs per Student
By District in Iowa
SCHOOL TRANSPORTATION COSTS DECLINE
AS DENSITY INCREASES
SOURCE: Iowa Dept. of Education
y = 597.93x-0.268
R² = 0.4803
$0
$200
$400
$600
$800
$1,000
$1,200
$1,400
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
TransportationCostperEnrolled
Student
Students per Square Mile

SGA MODEL IS BASED ON ANTICIPATED NUMBER OF
STUDENTS IN THE “WALK ZONE”
0
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
1,400
Bus Elibigle
Elementary
Students
Bus Eligible
Middle
Students
Bus Elibigle
High School
Students
2 Units per Acre 4 Units per Acre
8 Units per Acre 12 Units per Acre
• Not specific to
existing school
situation
• Key determinants are
size of the schools,
radius of the walk
zone, and students
per unit
• Chart assumes 1-mile
walk zone and school
sizes of 400, 600, and
1,600 and single-
family detached units
• Does not account for
route distance/time
Bus Eligible
Elementary
Students
Bus Eligible
High School
Students

FIRE PROTECTION COSTS INCREASE DRAMATICALLY AT VERY
LOW DENSITIES
Determinants of Operating
Efficiency
• Response Shed Size
• Population Density
• Rate of Calls per
Population
• Capacity per Fire
Engine
$0
$50
$100
$150
$200
$250
$300
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Residents and Employees per Acre
Fire Costs per Capita (Illustrative)

$0
$100
$200
$300
$400
$500
$600
$700
$800
$900
$1,000
1 2 4 8 16 20
Other Roads Sewer Utility Water Utility Fire
MODEL PROJECTS THAT MOVING FROM 1 UNIT PER ACRE (NET)
TO 16 REDUCES PER CAPITA CITY COSTS BY 19%
NOTE: Does not include potential density-related savings associated with
solid waste or use of existing infrastructure
21.8
units
per
acre
0.9 units
per acre
11.7 units
per acre

DENSITY CAN AFFECT PROPERTY VALUE AND PROPERTY
TAX REVENUE PER ACRE IN 2 WAYS:
18
• By simply allowing
for more space: 2
houses are worth
more than 1, all else
equal
• By creating
conditions for the
“walkable” urban
premium to emerge
making each square
foot more valuable
$0
$1,000,000
$2,000,000
$3,000,000
$4,000,000
$5,000,000
$6,000,000
$7,000,000
WalkUPs (.83
FAR)
Walkable
Neighborhoods
(.45 FAR)
Edge Cities (.14
FAR)
Drivable Sub-
divisions (.04
FAR)
Assessed Values per Acre in Metro Boston by
Neighborhood Category

WALKABLE PROPERTIES ARE APPRECIATING AT A FASTER
RATE
19

SUMMARY OF RESULTS IN
WEST DES MOINES

SCENARIOS EVALUATED:
Unit Type Low Density Base
Density
Higher
Density
Walkable Urban
Large Lot SFD 150 150 150 0
Standard/Small SFD 5,000 5,000 5,000 1,500
Townhouses 1,125 1,125 1,125 3,275
Multifamily Units 3,000 3,000 3,000 4,500
Total Units 9,275 9,275 9,275 9,275
Total Gross Acres 2,654 2,188 1,728 783
Net Residential
Density
5.5 6.9 10.8 22.4
Commercial SF 2,690,000 2,690,000 2,690,000 2,690,000

TOTAL NET FISCAL IMPACT INCREASES WITH HIGHER
DENSITY
$0
$2,000,000
$4,000,000
$6,000,000
$8,000,000
$10,000,000
$12,000,000
Low Density Base Density Higher Density Walkable Urban
Projected Net Fiscal Impact per Acre by Scenario
City of West Des Moines West Des Moines School District

IMPROVEMENTS IN NET FISCAL IMPACT PER ACRE ARE
MUCH MORE DRAMATIC
$0
$2,000
$4,000
$6,000
$8,000
$10,000
$12,000
$14,000
$16,000
$18,000
$20,000
Low Density Base Density Higher Density Walkable Urban
Projected Net Fiscal Impact per Acre by Scenario
City of West Des Moines West Des Moines School District

DEVELOPMENT SCENARIOS – ACRES CONSUMED AND
“PRESERVED”
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
Lower Density Base Density Higher Density Walkable Urban
Consumed Preserved

• Preliminary results support the hypothesis
• However,
– Order of magnitude varies greatly
– Availability of data limits potential to fully account for all
density-related costs – Solid Waste, School Transportation
– Potential savings in other categories
– Model does not account for all capital costs associated
with new development
– Impacts of density can be offset by changes in residential
unit mix and residential to commercial space ratios
– Refinements to the methodology still in process
REMAINING CHALLENGES/QUESTIONS:

Green Streets – Major Opportunity
32% of
imperviousness in
MPO = ROADS

Green Streets: What are They?
– Use vegetation, soils, and natural
processes to manage water and
create healthier urban
environments.
– Focus on infiltration-based practices
– Goals are:
• Manage water where it falls
• Limit movement of water
• Reduce pollutants getting to stormwater
system and receiving waters
• Provide environmentally enhanced
roads and parking lots.

Benefits of Green Streets
• Reduced stormwater sent via pipe into receiving streams,
rivers and lakes
• Reduced flooding and localized ponding
• Reduced long-term maintenance costs and improved road
durability
• Improved water quality
• Improved aesthetics

Green Streets & Regional Plans
The Tomorrow Plan: Goal 2: Improve the region’s environmental health and access to the outdoors
• Build a region-wide greenways system
• Develop a regional stormwater approach that includes natural systems
• Expand tree canopy and regional park capacity –acres, facilities, programs, and connections
Capital Crossroads: Natural Capital
• Work to preserve and sustain Central Iowa’s rivers, streams, and watersheds
• Effectively manage stormwater issues in Central Iowa
• Secure and leverage resources to enhance and protect Central Iowa’s natural environments
FourmileCreek Watershed Management Authority
Recommends Green Streets Implementation

Policy Examples
• Ann Arbor, MI
• Tuscon, AZ
• Washington, DC
• North St. Paul, MN
• La Puente, CA
• Portland, OR

Funding Following Green Streets
• Community Development Block Grants
• DNR Sponsored Projects
• Greening America’s Capitals
• IDALS
• EDA
• DOT (federal)

Project Example: Johnston
Why
• Significant failures experienced from the systems
designed and installed over the past years
• Sustainable long-term solution to the storm drainage
issue
• Linear treatment for the first flush required by storm
water standards were a possible solution to
purchasing more property for local or regional
detention systems

Benefits
• Achieved in the right of way in a linear process
• Saves cost in pipe since the largest pipe required is 15
inches (conventional storm sewer design require a 30-36
inches)
• Significant cost savings by avoiding property acquisition for
a detention basin is avoided which results in significant
• CDBG funds from the IEDA and design assistance from
Urban Conservationists Wayne and Jennifer.
• Design intent to divert and infiltrate the first flush (1 ¼ inch
event) as required by the storm water standards.

Benefits
• Refined to treat up to 2 ¼ inch event with no release and
convey a 6 inch event for the initial project design without
surcharging.
• Met water quality requirement
• New system will not create a burden on the existing storm
sewer that provide the outlet.
• Negated the need to build a parallel storm sewer to the
outlet existing sewer by reducing the impact of the new
storm system.
• Improved aesthetics of neighborhood

Thoughts
for your
community
• We are all stewards of our environment
• Look to new and innovative approaches to handling the
changing dynamics that we are confronted with.
• Storm water requirements as unfunded mandates but
old standards for design are producing costly projects to
repair years of erosion.
• Johnston has incurred millions of dollars in cost in
recent years to repair erosion issues resulting from the
old standards.

Thoughts
for your
community
The dynamics of each city and site conditions will direct
the development of methods to handle the water quality
situation. The solution presented today is not being
presented as the solution for all problems. Rather, the idea
that looking at creative means to achieve the solution is
the intended result.

In Johnston, the design and the thought process
is intended to correct design standards of the
past which unfortunately have been proven the
wrong approach over time.
Dave Cubit

Green Streets Integration
• System-based planning: Getting green
streets into the comprehensive
planning efforts.
• Neighborhood streets : The top of the
watershed

FY 2016 Unified Planning Work Program & Budget
• Scope of work for FY 2016
• Summary of activities
• Revenues/expenses
• Staff hours & costs

Work Elements:
1. Long-Range Planning
2. Multimodal Planning
3. Public Involvement
4. Integrated Planning
5. Funding
6. Technical Support and Services
7. Program Administration
8. CIRTPA
Each Help Achieve:
Mobilizing Tomorrow Goals
+
MAP-21 Planning Factors
+
MPO Federal Requirements
FY 2016 Unified Planning Work Program & Budget

FY 2015 UPWP & Budget Amendment
• Adjust funding among work
elements
• Eases DOT reimbursement
process through end of FY
• No net change to budget
Work Elements w/Increased Funding:
2.0: Transportation Systems Planning
3.0: Public Involvement
4.0: Interagency Coordination
7.0: UPWP
Work Elements w/Decreased Funding:
8.0: Transit Planning
9.0: Committee Support
10.0: Administration

TIGER Letter of Support – Des Moines
• $35 million project
• TIGER request for $18.6 million
• Projects in Mobilizing Tomorrow
and on priority list

FAA Reauthorization Letter of Support
• Request from Des Moines
International Airport
• Increased funding through
bill would help support
terminal project

Executive Director Annual Review
• Annual review survey issued in early 2015
• Review committee:
– Kyle Mertz, City of Altoona
– Gary Lorenz, City of Ankeny
– Ruth Randleman, City of Carlisle
– Joe Gatto, City of Des Moines
– Tom Hadden, City of West Des Moines

FFY 2015-2018 TIP Revision Request
• TPMS #33886: Safe Routes to School –
School Zone Flashing Beacons project
• Federal Aid Amount: $80,000
• Total Cost: $110,000
• Type of Funding: TAP
• Change: Move project forward from
FFY 2019 to FFY 2015 by adding the
project into the FFY 2015-2018 TIP

THE CASE FOR COMPLETE STREETS
Messaging for your community
May 28, 2015

Mayors’ Challenge
• US DOT Secretary Anthony Foxx
challenge to local elected officials to
improve bicycle/pedestrian safety
• Local Action Activities
– Adopt Complete Streets policy
– Review street design standards
– Improve walking/biking laws and
regulations

Complete Streets
Streets that are designed and
operated to enable safe access for all
users, whether walking, bicycling,
driving or riding transit. People of all
ages and abilities are able to safely
move along and across streets in a
community, regardless of how they
are traveling.

Complete Streets are for:
 Kids walking to school
 Bus riders hoping for a dry place to wait for the bus
 Those without a car who still have places to be
 The elderly needing enough time to cross the street
 The commuter whose car breaks down, but still needs to get to work
 The community that wants to be family-friendly
 The man in a wheelchair looking for accessible sidewalks
 The city that wants its residents to be able to age in place
 Those who wish to save money on their commute
 Older adults who can no longer drive a car
 Parents walking with their children to the park
EVERYONE,
EVERY DAY,
no matter who
you are or how
you travel

Complete Streets are:
• Specific to the street
• Everyday projects
• Achievable within existing budgets
• Necessary

Prevalence of Complete Streets
USDOT Initiative
Iowa DOT Draft Policy
20 Policies in Iowa
700+ Policies in U.S.

12
3
4
Healthy
Safe
Prosperous

Safety Improvements
70%
of projects
resulted in
reduced
collisions

Decreases Dangerous Speeding
SDOT

3
4
2
1
Prosperous
Healthy
Safe

Health
“Encouraging travel on Complete
Streets is one of the best routes to
a healthy community. We see
greater social engagement, more
physical activity and fewer injuries.”
-Rick Kozin, Polk Co. Public Health
healthy

Family-Friendly Communities
healthy

Family-Friendly Communities
SDOT

Age-in-Place Communities
Greater
Independence
Welcome in the
Community
Longevity and
Wellness
Percentage Growth in Age Cohorts: 2010 to 2050
healthy

4
1
3
2
Safe
Prosperous
Healthy

Economic Improvements
• Spurs private investment
• Raises property and commercial
values
 1 point increase in WalkScore =>
$700-3000 increase in home values
 Bike path increases property values
$5000-8800
 10 point increase in WalkScore =>
5-8% increase in commercial values $$ $$

Economic Development
"The business community understands that placemaking is an important
component of economic development. Today’s young professionals often
choose a city to live in first, then go about finding a job. As part of that
decision-making process, young professionals often evaluate amenities that
give them transportation options, such as walkable neighborhoods, bike
lanes, and public transit — all of which are supported by complete streets.
Accordingly, complete streets provide regions and cities with additional
economic development tools to recruit and retain both talent and
companies.”
- Jay Byers, CEO Greater Des Moines Partnership

Can We Afford It?
• Can be achieved within existing budgets
• Leverages investments
• Can reduce unconsidered costs
• Incremental approach
• Opens door to additional funding opportunities

Communicating Complete Streets
• Safe, healthy, prosperous
• Planning for people, families, communities
• Tell stories, connect to values
• This is achievable, necessary and valuable

Central Iowa Trails Report
• 600+ miles of existing trails
• Regional map resources
– Central Iowa Trails interactive map (MPO)
– Iowa by Trail mobile app (INHF)
– Printed bike maps (Bicycle Collective)
• Trail Counting Program
– Began in 2012
– Counters available to all member
governments

2015 Speaker Series
• Tomorrow Plan speaker
series continued in 2015
• Poster of year’s events at
table

Remaining May Events
• Natalie Warren
– May 28 & 29
– Two talks on paddling
• Public Art Event
– May 30
– Mary Mattingly, artist
– Chuck Gipp, Iowa DNR

June Event: Building Strong Communities
Speakers
Charles Marohn
President of
Strong Towns
Paul Trombino
Iowa DOT
Director
- June 30th
- 9:30 - 11:00 am
- Windsor Heights
Community Center
How to leverage the transportation system
and infrastructure to create community
prosperity

Meeting Presentation, Policy Committee, May 28, 2015

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Meeting Presentation, Policy Committee, May 28, 2015