2.  HARDWARE REPERESENT THE PHYSICAL AND
TANGIBLE COMPONENTS OF THE COMPUTER.
 THE ELECTRONIC , ELECTRICAL AND
MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT THAT MAKES UP
COMPUTER IS CALLED COMPUTER HARDWARE

3. PRIMARY HARDWARE COMPONENTS
INPUT DEVICES
OUTPUT DEVICES
CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT(CPU)
STORAGE DEVICES
MEMORY

4. An input device is any hardware component used to enter data, programs ,
commands and user responses into a computer.
KEYBOARD
MOUSE
TOUCH SCREENS
JOYSTICK
MICROPHONE(MIC)
SCANNER
SMART CARD READER

5.  LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY (LCD)
 MONITORS
 PRINTERS
 SPEAKERS
Once data has been input into a computer and processed , It is of little use
unless it can be retrieved quickly and easily from the system .To allow this ,the
computer must be connected to an output device.

6. MEMORY OR PRIMARY MEMORY
DEVICES
RAM(RANDOM
ACCESS
MEMORY )
ROM(READ
ONLY
MEMORY )
CACHE
MEMORY

7.  It is the read /write memory unit in which the
information is retained only as there is a
regular power supply.

8. It stores data and instructions,even when the
computer is turn off.It is permanent memory
of the computer .

9.  It is used to store the data and the related
application that was last processed by the
cpu.The cache memory can be either
soldered into the motherboard or is available
as a part of “RAM”.

10.  Since primary memory has a limited storage
capacity and is not permanent ,secondary
storage capacity and is not permanent ,
secondary storage devices are used to store
large amount of data permanently
• Hard disks
• CD (compact disks)
• Floppy disks
• DVDs

11.  The hard disks memories store information
on one or more circular platters (disks) which
are continually spinning.

12.  The compact disks or optical media .The CD’s
are relatively cheap and have a storage
capacity of up to 700mb.there are three main
type of CDs
 CD-ROM( compact disk-read only memory)
 CD-R(compact disk-recordable)
 CD-RW(compact disk-rewritable)

13.  DVD is an optical disc format, invented and
developed by Philips , Sony ,Toshiba and
Panasonic in 1995. DVDs offer higher storage
capacity than compact disks while having the
same dimensions.
 DVD is high capacity optical disk capable of
storing 4.7 GB to 17 GB

14.  A floppy disk, or diskette, is a disk storage
medium composed of a disk of thin and
flexible magnetic storage medium, sealed in
a rectangular plastic carrier lined with fabric
that removes dust particles. They are read
and written by a floppy disk drive (FDD).
 IT disk capable of storing 1.44mb only.

15.  Also known as switching-mode power supply,
or switcher.
 is an electronic power supply that
incorporates a switching regulator to convert
electrical power efficiently. Like other power
supplies, an SMPS transfers power from a
source, like main power, to a load, such as a
personal computer, while converting voltage
and current characteristics

16.  A PROCESSOR is the hardware within a computer that
carries out the instructions of a computer program by
performing the basic arithmetical, logical, and
input/output operations of the system. The term has
been in use in the computer industry at least since the
early 1960s. The form, design, and implementation of
CPUs have changed over the course of their history, but
their fundamental operation remains much the same.

17.  A motherboard is the main printed circuit board (PCB)
found in computers and other expandable systems. It
holds many of the crucial electronic components of
the system, such as the CPU and memory, and
provides connectors for other peripherals. Unlike a
backplane, a motherboard contains significant sub-
systems such as the processor.
 Motherboard specifically refers to a PCB with
expansion capability - the board is the "mother" of all
components attached to it, which often include sound
cards, video cards, network cards, hard drives or
other forms of persistent storage, TV tuner cards,
cards providing extra USB or Fire wire slots, and a
variety of other custom components.

20.  A computer needs a semi-permanent way of
keeping some start-up data
 e.g. the current time, the no. of hard disks
 The data may need to be update/changed
 It requires (very little) power to retain its
contents.

21.  The Northbridge or host bridge was one of the
two chips in the core logic chipset on a computer
motherboard, used to manage data
communications between a CPU and a
motherboard. It is supposed to be paired with a
second support chip known as a Southbridge.

22.  Clean-Tec chip & coolant fans from Lang provide a
safer and faster method of removing chips and
coolant from your tables, fixtures and workpieces
than conventional air. The Clean-Tec chip &
coolant fan can be programmed into your
machining cycle to help reduce downtime and
make necessary cleaning a part of the work cycle.