Basic Selenium Training

Selenium: Test Automation of
Web Application
Weekend Workshop for QA professionals
Trainer: Dipesh Bhatewara
Date: 23rd June 2012

trainings@digitalinfobytes.com

Introduction

2

Why Test Automation

3

Advantages of Test Automation
• Frequent and quick regression testing
• Rapid feedback to developers
• Virtually unlimited iterations of test case
execution
• Support for Agile and extreme development
methodologies
• Increased test coverage
• Enables QA team to utilize bandwidth in
exploratory testing.
4

When to automate?
• Long projects – regression
• Frequent releases and extreme programming
• Quick feedback to developer – Sanity

5

Web Testing: Approaches
• GUI Automation
– locating by coordinates
– using generic OS mouse/keyboard events
– suitable for any GUI app
• HTML/DOM Automation
– parsing HTML
– evaluating HTML elements (forms, input...)
– DOM as presentation of application
– DOM traversal
– interacting with DOM tree (target.dispatchEvent,...)
6

Introduction to Selenium
• Open Source Test Automation Framework
• Developed by ThoughtWorks and Google
• Robust set of tools for web-based applications
• On multiple browsers
• On multiple Operating Systems
• Support many languages, including Ruby,
Python, Java, c# and so on

7

Selenium Components
• Selenium IDE
• Selenium RC
• Selenium Grid
• WebDriver (Selenium 2.0)

8

Selenium IDE
• Firefox plug-in
• Integrated Development Environment for Selenium
Tests.
• Provides record and playback functionality.
• Provides the ability to debug test scripts.
• Auto complete common selenium commands.
• Export tests in different formats like HTML, Java,
Ruby, Python and so on.

9

Installation
• Download IDE from -
http://seleniumhq.org/download/
• Add as Add On to Firefox
• Launch it from Tools -> Selenium IDE

10

IDE explained

• Record/Play
• Test Case
• Test Suite
• Command -Target –
Value
• Export/Import

11

DEMO
• Click on Etsy logo and verify title
• Search for Vintage shoe and verify
first item’s name
• Run as suite

12

Assignment - IDE
• Etsy.com
• Navigate to Category – Furniture -> Chair
• Click on the first item in the result list
• Verify the item details page is displayed
• Assert the Price of the product shown on this
page

13

Assignment IDE Test Suite
• Click on Kids section on left, on Kids page click
on Tweet button, Switch to new window, Sign
in with wrong username and password to
twitter and check the Error.
• Click on ‘Accessories’ Category and test the
pagination functionality
• Save the Test Suite
• Run as Test Suite
14

Commonly Used Selenium
Commands
Action Commands
• Open(Link) – This Command will open the specified page
• click(Locator) – This Command will Click at specified target
• check(Locator) – Toggles the checked value of a checkbox
• type(Locator, value) –Sends text input to an element
• select (Locator, value)– This will select the specified item in a list

Note: most action commands in Selenium IDE also have a duplicate
command with the AndWait suffix. When these are used the action
is performed and a page load is expected and the command will not
complete until the page has loaded or the timeout is reached.

15

Commonly Used Selenium
Commands
Store, Check, and Wait
• isElementPreset(locator) – Checks if an element is present on the
page
• store(expression, variableName) – Allows you to temporarily store
a value
• verify(pattern) – performs verification and skip execution, if fails.
• assert(pattern) – performs verification and stop execution, if fails.
• waitFor(pattern) – Waits until the value matches the specified
value or the timeout.

Note: These Commands are heart of Selenium ,as these deal with
verifiacation and validation part. There are variations available in
these commands eg. waitForPageToLoad(), waitForPopUp()

16

Object Identification
• Using HTML properties of the Object
– Name
– Id
– Class
• Using Xpaths (DOM address)
– XPath is a language for finding information in an
XML document

17

Xpath Explained

18

FireBug installation & DEMO

19

Assignment
• Etsy.com
• Find Unique HTML Ids as well as Xpaths for
below
– Regsiter Button
– Search text box
– Fashion link
– 3rd Item in second row on home page

20

Handy tool for Xpaths
• Fire Path (Lets use this)
• Xpather

21

OOPS Concepts
• Objects
• Classes
• Data abstraction
• Inheritance
• Polymorphism

22

Sample Java Program

23

Selenium RC
• A server, written in Java and so available on all
the platforms.
• Acts as a proxy for web requests from tests.
• Client libraries for many popular languages.
• Bundles Selenium Core and automatically
loads into the browser

24

Selenium RC components
• Selenium Server: launches and kills browsers,
interprets and runs the Selenese commands
passed from the test program, and acts as an
HTTP proxy, intercepting and verifying HTTP
messages passed between the browser and
the AUT.
• Client Libraries: provide the interface
between each programming language and the
Selenium RC Server.
25

26

Install & Start
• Ensure that JDK is present on the machine and
is in the class path.
• Downloaded Selenium RC from
http://seleniumhq.org/download/
• Unzip to any directory on your file system.
• Change directory to the Selenium Server on
the command line or terminal.
• Start Selenium Server.
27

Change Directory to Selenium Server

Start selenium Server

28

Eclipse and Project setup
• Launch Eclipse
• Create Java project
• Import selenium-client library
• Add JUnit plugin to eclipse
• Export the code of your Selenium IDE
assignment as Selenium RC Junit4 code
• Add the exported java file to the project and
run
29

Handling different types of elements
& Demo
• Text Box
• List
• Check Box
• Radio Buttons

30

Assignment
• Create a fresh project in Eclipse
• Add a test case to register a new user at
Etsy.com

31

More Assignments
• Test User Sign In – Valid & Error
• Test Add To Cart and verify the country can be
changed on the cart page.
• Run them as suite from Eclipse

32

End of Day 1

33

Day 2

34

History

2004 2007 2009 2011

Selenium WebDriver

Selenium2

35

WebDriver
• Is a Self Contained Library
• Uses browser capabilities over injected javascripts
• “Best fit” technology
• Clean & Object Oriented API
• Easy to maintain
• Faster than Selenium 1
• Tightly bound to the browser, no need of Selenium
Server
• Bindings : Java, C#, Python, Ruby
• Android and iPhone support
36

Selenium Server in Selenium2
• Replicate Selenium RC functionalities
• Remote WebDriver
• Selenium Grid 2

37

WebDriver

WebDriver Interface

Internet HTML
Firefox Chrome Opera Andriod iPhone
Explorer Unit
Driver Driver Driver Driver Driver
Driver Driver

38

“BestFit”s
• Internet Explorer Driver accesses the browser via the COM
layer using some automation hooks that Microsoft have put
there and maintain. The core code is written in C++.

• FirefoxDriver is a Firefox addon that accesses items at the
Chrome layer

• ChromeDriver is a Chrome Extension that allows drive
Chrome.

• The Android driver is an APK that allows us to drive the
Web View and the same with iPhone

39

WebDriver

40

Sample Code for Demonstration

41

Let’s setup a project
• Download
• New Project
• Import selenium jar
• Add class imported from IDE (as Junit4
Webdriver)
• Run the tests

42

Assignment – Import Class From IDE
and Run

43

Let’s code
• Add a new test class to test Etsy.com
• Launch the site

44

Locator Strategies
• ID
– webDriver.findElement(By.id("logo"));
• Name
– webDriver.findElement(By.name("q"));
• Tag Name
– webDriver.findElement(By.tagName("H1"));
• Class name
– webDriver.findElements(By.className("sponsor_logos"));
• XPath
– webDriver.findElement(By.xpath("//section*@id=‘miniconfs’+/a*2+"));
• Link Text
– webDriver.findElements(By.linkText("About"));
• Partial Link Text
– webDriver.findElement(By.partialLinkText("visitcanberra"));

45

Page Interactions
• webElement.click()
• webElement.sendKeys(...)
• webElement.submit()
• Actions class -> Mouse Events / Drag and Drop

46

Demo of Etsy Registration with
Firefox

47

Assignment

48

Demo: Run Same Test On Different
Browser

49

Assignment: Run earlier assignment
on another browser

50

Pop-up/Alert handling
• Pop up window
– driver.switchTo().window(windowHan
dle);
• Alerts
– alert = driver.switchTo().alert();
– alert.Accept();
– alert.Dismiss();

51

Sample Code

52

Demo
• http://www.blazonry.com/javascript/windows
.php

53

Assignment

54

Additional useful commands
• Polling the DOM for N seconds
– webDriver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWai
t(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
• Testing CSS properties
– webElement.getCssValue(“height”);
• Javascript execution
– JavascriptExecutor js =
(JavascriptExecutor) webDriver;
– Long value = (Long)
js.executeScript("return window.scrollY");
• Navigation
– Navigation nav = webDriver.navigate();
– nav.back(); / nav.forward(); nav.to(“url”);

55

Backward Compatibility with
Selenium 1
Selenium selenium = new
WebDriverBackedSelenium(webDriver,
“http://osdc.com.au”);

selenium.open("http://osdc.com.au");

selenium.click("id=follow_twitter");

selenium.waitForPageToLoad("10000");

WebDriver webDriver =
((WebDriverBackedSelenium)
selenium).getUnderlyingWebDriver();
56

Reference Sites
• Xpath
– http://hedleyproctor.com/2011/05/tutorial-
writing-xpath-selectors-for-selenium-tests/

57

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