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kl/jt{gzLn hnjfo'leq afnaflnsf–cg';Gwfg
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afn cfjfh M hnjfo' kl/jt{g
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zf]wsfo{ ;DaGwdf
kl/jlt{t hnfjfo'leq afnaflnsf–cg';Gwfg k|ltj]bg / rnlrq agfpg of]ubfg ug{' x'g] ;a}kl| t xfdL xflb{s
cfef/ JoQm ug{ rfxG5f}F .
o;df ;+nUg ;a} afnaflnsf / pgLx¿;Da4 ;d'bfosf] w}otf / ;xof]usf] nflu xfdL cToGt} cfef/L 5fF} .
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PS;gP8sf] g]kfn sfof{no, :yfgLo ;fem]bf/ ;+:yf / afnaflnsf Pj+ pgLx¿sf cleefjsn] xfd|f] rnlrqdf
;dfj]z eO{ ;xeflutfd"ns j[Qlrq pTkfbgdf pT;fxk"0f{ ;+nUgtf dfq hgfPgg, pgLx¿n] b}lgs Jojxf/df
;fdgf ug'{ k/]sf] hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf] r'gf}tL xfdLnfO{ Jojxfl/s w]/} ;xh tl/sfn] a'emfP . To:t}, :ynut
cWoogsf] qmddf cGtjftf{ lnOPsf rf/hgf afnaflnsf – afu]Zj/L, afFssf ;Gtf]if lj=s=, d6]lxof afFssL
] ]
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rnlrq lgdf{tf M tfd/f Kn; (Tamara Plush)
of] rnlrqsf] lgb]zg / ;Dkfbg sG6]Dkf]//L lehg -k|f=_ ln= sf7df8f+sf xl/ yfkf / las'Gtfåf/f ul/Psf] xf] .
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clt g} s[t1 5f}F .
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lgld{t ;xeflutfd"ns >Job[Zo cGt/jftf{ / rnlrq dWoaf6 ;fef/ .
k|f?k ;HhfM cf/kLPd lk|G6 P08 l8hfOg .
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2 www.childreninachangingclimate.org


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+

;Gtf]if lj=s=, jif{ !&, afu]Zj/L, afFs], g]kfn .

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;lqmotf cfjZos 5 . o; zf]wsfo{df ;+nUg b[li6sf]0fnfO{ ;dfj]z ul/g' cfjZos 5 .
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afnaflnsfx?n] cfkm"nfO{ klxnf]kN6 j[Qlrqdf x]5g, d6]lxof, afFs, g]kfn .
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u/]sf 5f}F h;df ;xefluTfd"ns >Jo–b[Zo cGtjf{Tff{sf
of] k|ltj]bgsf] ;f]r kl/jt{zLn hnjfo'leq afnaflnsf– s]xL b[Zof+zx¿ / afnaflnsfn] agfPsf] clGtd rnlrq
cg';Gwfgsf] ;fem]bf/ PS;gP8 g]kfnsf] ljBfnodfkm{t klg ;dfj]z 5 . of] k|ltj]bg / rnlrqn] ;+oQm ¿kdf
'
k|sf]k hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f kl/of]hgfaf6 ljsl;t ePsf] xf] . g]kfnsf afnaflnsfnfO{ hnjfo' kl/jt{g cg'sngsf
"
o; kl/of]hgfdf ;xeflutd"ns j[QlrqnfO{ ;d'bfosf ;DaGwdf cfjh p7fpg] Pp6f /fd|f] d~r k|bfg u5{ .
;fy} afnaflnsfsf hf]lvdx¿ kQf nufO{ hnjfo'
kl/jt{g;Fu cg'sngsf /0fgLltx¿ ljsf; ug{ ;3fpg]
"
;fwgsf] ¿kdf k|of]u ul/Psf] 5 . oL j[Qlrqx¿
gful/ssf] g]tTjdf /xL ul/g] lzIff / ax; ug]{ k|of;sf
[
kIfdWo] Ps xf], h;n] ;d'bfonfO{ cem ;lhnf] /
k|efjsf/L ¿kdf gLlt–lgdf{Tff;Fu ;fd]n x'g d2t u5{ .
of] k|ltj]bg afnaflnsfsf] ;xeflutfd"ns j[Qlrqdf
s]lGb|t 5, h;n] pgLx¿nfO{ cfkmgf] ;d'bfodf
kl/jt{gzLn hnjfo'sf] cWoog ug{ pTk|l] /t u¥of] . o;df
df};dsf] r/d kl/jt{zLn k|f¿ksf sf/0f x'g] k|sf]kaf6
cfˆgf kl/jf/sf] hLljsfdf kfg]{ k|efjÙ pgLx¿sf
kl/jf/sf nflu cg'sngsf ljBdfg pkfoÙ cg'sngsf]
" "
cfjZostf / cg'sngsf lglDt Jojwfg k|dv /x]sf 5g .
" ' o; jif{ hnjfo' kl/jt{gn] ubf{ /fDr], /;'jfdf ePsf] vfBfGg cefjaf/]
zflGtdfof tfdfª cfkmgf] cg'ej ;'gfpFl5g .



@= afn cfjfh M
k/]sf] k|efj
kl/jt{gzLn hnjfo'af6 xfd|f] hLjgdf

of] cg';Gwfg / ;xeflutFd"ns >Job[Zo ;fdu|Ln] ;d'bfosf afnaflnsf tyf jo:s ;b:odfem kl/jt{gzLn
hnjfo'sf sf/0f pgLx¿sf] hLjgdf s;/L k|efj k/]sf] 5 eGg] ;DaGwdf k|df0f ;ªsng u/]sf] 5 .
hnjfo';DaGwL ;"rsx¿sf cg';f/ olb sfa{g 8fOcS;fO8
(co2) pT;h{gsf] dfqf abb} hfg] xf] eg] g]kfndf jflif{s
jiff{ pNn]vgLo ¿kdf j[l4 x'g5 .!) lxpFbdf lgs} g} ;'Vvf
]
x'g] / u[iddf cToflws jiff{ -clxn]sf] t'ngfdf # u'0ffeGbf
a9L_!! x'g] ;Defjgf /x]sf] 5 . jif{ el/df x'g] jiff{sf]
kl/df0f g} af9Lsf] hf]lvd lgwf{/0f ug]{ Ps e/kbf]{ cfwf/
xf] . jiff{sf] o;k|sf/sf] z[ªvnfn] lxpFbdf nfdf] v8]/L /

jiff{ofddf af9L cfpg] ;Defjgf x'G5 .!@ g]kfnsf
afnaflnsfsfn] o:tf] k|efj ef]Ug yfln;s]sf 5g . ;dy/
efudf afnaflnsfx¿ af9L / v8]/Ln] ql;t x'G5gÙ
kxf8sf nflu klx/f] d'Vo ;d:of xf] eg] sf7df8f}sf +
afnaflnsf lxpFbsf] lr;f] / s'lx/f] dfq xf]Og cToflws
jiff{, x'/L / tftf]n] cfˆgf] k9fO k|efljt ePsf] u'gf;f]
u5{g .
hLljsf]kfh{g
ljBfno hfg'eGbf klxnf aflnsfx? 3/kfn'jf ufO{j:t' r/fpg hfG5g .
ljutsf s]xL jif{otf v]tL / afnLgfnL ljleGg sf/0fn] -afnaflnsfx?sf] ;xeflutfd"ns j[Qlrqsf] Ps b[Zo, d6]lxof, afFs, g]kfn _.
]
k|efljt ePsf] cg'ej ug{ yflnPsf] 5 . af9L, klx/f], v8]/L,
cl;gf, / sL/fsf] dxfdf/L o;sf pbfx/0f x'g . nlIft–

æ
ju{aLr ;fd"lxs 5nkmnsf qmddf o; jif{ afFsdf d';/f]
] '
v]tL k"0f{ ¿kdf c;kmn ePsf] / /;'jfdf klg cfn'vtL ] ut jif{ w]/} kfgL k¥of], w]/} 7fp“df klx/f]
sl/a #) k|ltztn] 36]sf] s'/f afnaflnsfn] ;'gfP . uof] / afnL klg gi6 eof] . o; jif{
ædf};ddf cfPsf] kl/jt{gn] xfd|f] hLjgdf k|lts'n k|efj kof{Kt kfgL gk/]sfn] af]6la¿jf /fd|f;u ] “
kf/]sf] 5 . xfdLn] 7Ls a]nfdf v]tL nufpg kfPsf 5}gf+F} /

Æ
w]/} kfgL kgf{n] df6f] klg aufPsf] 5 .Æ x'ls{g ;s]sf 5}gg, xfdLnfO{ vfg gk'Ug]
gAt]; tfdfª, jif{ !%, /fDr], /;'jf, g]kfn . eof] .
sNkgf tfdfª, jif{ !#, /fDr], /;'jf, g]kfn .
aS;–@ M /fDr] :ynut cWoog

ælat]sf s]xL jif{df klx/f]n] ubf{ xfd|f] hLjg c:tJo:t ePsf] 5 .Æ
æd]/f] gfd d]g'sf tfdfª xf] . d !# jif{sL eP“ . d sIff % k95' . uPsf] tLg jif{df
xfd|f] kl/jf/ klx/f]n] ubf{ tLg k6s 7fp“ ;/]sf] 5 – x88Lkmf]/af6 l;:g]/L / clGtddf
/fDr] . klx/f]n] ubf{ xfd+f] kl/jf/sf] hLljsf etfe'ªu ePsf] 5 . xfdL v]tLdf cfl>t
|
5f}“ . kf“r jif{klxn] xfdLn] rf/ d'/L wfg pTkfbg uYof}+{ eg] clxn] klx/f]n] v]t aufPsfn]
Ps d'/L dfq pTkfbg x'G5 . d]/f] afaf ljb]zdf sfd ug'{ x'G5 / ;s]sf] cj:yfdf k};f
k7fpg'x'G5 . d]/f] bfO 5'§Lsf] a]nfdf el/ofsf] sfd ug'{x'G5 . xfdL clxn] c¿;“u}
ef8fsf] hUufdf agfPsf] c:yfoL 3/df a:5f}“ / oxL“ v]tL u5f{+} . klx/f]sf] 8/n] ubf{ xfdL
cfkmg} v]tdf kms{g ;Sb}gf+}“ .
–d]g'sf tfdfª, /fDr], /;'jf, g]kfn


kl/jt{gzLn hnjfo'sf] cg';Gwfgleq afnaflnsf
leq afnaflnsf–cg';Gwfg

v]tdf afnaflnsf -afu]Zj/L, afFs] g]kfn_

:jf:Yo g]kfnsf u|fdL0f ;d'bfodf lgs} sd 3/df dfq zf}rfno
x'g] x'bf v'nf :yfgdf lb;f–lk;fa ug{' ;fdfGo xf] .
F
afnaflnsfn] af9Lsf] ;dodf, tTsfn} jf kl5 kfgLhGo kfgLsf] k|bif0f Ps :yfoL ;d:of xf] h'g af9Lsf] a]nfdf
"

æ
/f]usf] j[l4 ePsf] jf km}lnPsf] b]v] . emg} hl6n aG5 .
æuPsf @ jif{bl] v xfdL cfFvfsf] ;ªqmd0fn] kLl8t 5f+}F .
klxnf–klxnf xfdLnfO{ o:tf] ;d:of dg;'gsf] ;dodf dfq} d6]lxofdf x/]s jif{ w]/} dflg; emf8fjfGtf /
x'GYof] . t/, lxhf]cfh nfdf] v8]/Ldf klg o:tf] ;ªqmd0f x}hfsf sf/0fn] d5{g . xfdL;“u zf}rfno
x'g] u5{ . xfdL crDddf 5f},F} lsg o:tf] ePsf] < o:tf] gePsf]n] kfgLsf ;|ftx¿ k|blift x'G5g . xfd|f]
] "
;ªqmd0fn] xfdLnfO{ n]vk9 ug{ cK7]/f] cj:yf pTkGg u5{ . glhs} s'g} :jf:Yo rf}sL klg 5}g . xfdLn]
of] ;?jf /f]u ePsfn] ljBfnodf ;fyLx¿nfO{ ;g{ glbg emf]nfdf cf}iflw lnP/ lx“8g] ef/tLo ;x/af6

xfdL 3/d} a:g' k5{ . clg xfdLnfO{ cf}iflw lsGg k};f klg

Æ
cfPsf cg'ejxLg / xfdLnfO{ s] ePsf] xf] yfxf
vr{ ug{' k5{ .Æ
gkfpg] emf]n] 8fS6/x¿sf] e/ kg{' k5{ .
;'bg /fhj+zL, jif{ !&, afu]Zj/L, afFs], g]kfn .
dbg nfdL5fg], jif{ !$,d6]lxof, afFs], g]kfn .
aS;–# M afnfh' :ynut cWoog

æa9bf] hg;ªVof / ;jf/L ;fwgn] sf7df8f}df k|bif0f a9]sf] 5 .Æ
+ "
æd]/f] gfd cdg /fgf du/ xf] . d !& jif{sf] eP“ / & sIffdf k95' . afnfh'sf]
hg;ªVof lbglbg} a9b5 . kl5Nnf] s]xL jif{df afnfh'sf] hg;ªVof ufp“af6 j;fO“
}
;/L cfpgfn] a9]sf] xf] . kl/0ffd:j¿k w]/} ;jf/L ;fwg, a9L kmf]xf]/, lkpg] kfgLsf]
cefj, pa{/ e"ldsf] ljgfz / w]/} pBf]ux¿ x'gfn] Jffo' k|bif0fh:tf ;d:ofx¿ a9]sf
"
5g . afSnf] x':;' klg emg v/fa ePsf] 5 / dnfO{ nfU5 of] klg hg;ªVof pRr
x'gfn] g} xf] . x':;' afSnf] x'bf, tfkqmd 36b} hfG5 . hf8f]df w]/} rL;f] x'g] / d la/fdL
“
kl//xg] x'gfn] ljBfno hfg ;d:of x'G5 . ?3f, vf]sL / xft–v'§f ;'lGgg] ;d:of To:tf]
a]nfdf ;fdfGo x'g . hf8f]df ljBfnodf lx6/ eP uHha x'g] lyof] . ;/sf/n] ufp“sf
dfG5]sf] ;x/tkm{ x'g] a;fO“–;/fOnfO{ Jojl:yt u/fpg'k5{ tfls ;a}n] kof{Kt ;'ljwf kfpg
;s" g .Æ
cdg /fgf du/, afnfh', sf7df8f}+, g]kfn .



af9Lsf] ;dodf zf}rno jf v'nf :yfg;Dd k'Ug cK7]/f]
x'gfn] lb;f–lk;fa ug{ ;d:of x'G5 . o:tf] a]nfdf dlxnf
tyf lszf]/Lx¿ sd kfgL lkpg] / vfgf klg sd vfg]
æ ;/sf/n] klx/f] /f]Sg ;xof]u ug'{ k5{
/ o;af6 k|efljt ;d'bfon] klg klx/f]

Æ
u5{g tfls lbzf–lk;fa sd ug{' k/f]; .!# /f]syfdaf/] hfGg' k5{ . xfdL klx/f]åf/f
lzIff kLl8t 5f}“ .
d]g'sf tfdfª, /fDr], /;'jf, g]kfn
w]/} kl/jf/x¿n] klx/f] / af9Ln] ubf{ cfkmgf] 3/, v]tL,
3/kfn'jf kz' / hLljsf]kfh{gsf ;fwgx¿ u'dfPsf 5g . æklx/f]sf] 8/n] xfd|f] :s'n % k6s;Dd ;fl/of] . cem} klg
;d"x–5nkmn j[Qlrqdf afnaflnsfx¿n] cfˆgf afa' xfdL;Fu kof{Kt sIffsf]7f 5}gg . kfgL kbf{ xfdL k9g
kl/jf/ wfGg g;s]/ cs}{ 7fpFdf dhb'/L ug{ hfg' k/]sf] kfpb}gf+} . xfdLnfO{ kfgL, cl;gf, lxpF / r6ofª kbf{;d]t
afWotf ;'gfP . o;n] afnaflnsfdfly 3/]n' sfdsf] af]em 6fpsf] n'sfpg] 7fpF klg 5}g .Æ
ylkg] x'gfn] pgLx¿sf] k9fOdf klg ca/f]w k'usf] 5 .
] Plngf tfdfª, jif{ !$, /fDr], /;'jf .
afnaflnsfnfO{ 3/ / v]tdf nfdf] cjlw;Dd sfd ug{' /fDr]df ag]sf] ;xeflutfd"ns j[Qlrqdf afnaflnsfx¿n]
k5{ . kl/jf/n] ljBfnosf] z'Ns / kf7o–;fdu|L lsGg] vr{ Pp6f kl/jf/ s;/L klx/f]n] kLl8t 5 egL lrlqt u/]sf
h'6fpg ;Sb}gg . kmn:j¿k afnaflnsfx¿ cfkmgf] k9fO 5g . pgLx¿sf] v]tL klx/f]n] gfl;Psf] 5 / vfgf lsGg]
5f8g klg afWo x'G5g . k};f;d]t 5}gÙ To;}n] pgLx¿ cfkmgf 7"nf ;Gtfgx¿nfO{
j}bl] zs /f]huf/df / ;fgfnfO{ :YffgLo :t/df 3/]n'
d6]lxof / jfu]Zj/Ldf tLj| af9Lsf] a]nf afnaflnsfnfO{
sfdbf/ / el/ofsf] ¿kdf sfddf nufpF5g . o:tf]
ljBfno;Dd k'Ug nueu c;Dej x'G5 . w]/h;f] sf7sf
} j[Qlrq a'9;sfndf a];fx/f eO{ PSn} u'gf;f] ul//x]sf
]
c:yfoL k'nx¿ af9Ln] n}hfG5 . af9Lsf] ;d:ofnfO{ pko'Qm a'af–cfdfnfO{ b]vfpFb} 6'ªl uG5, lsgeg] pgLx¿sf ;Gtfg
t6aGbsf] cefj, afn'jf 9'ªuf hyfefjL lgsfNg', l;FrfO
cfkmgf] /f]hL/f]6Lsf] nflu 3/ 5f8g afWo 5g .
tyf 9n lgsf;sf] cefj / afSnf] a:tLn] ubf{ emg
sf7df8f}sf] afnfh'df ss{6kftfsf] 5fgf] ePsf] ljBfnodf
+
ljs/fn agfO/x]sf] 5 . jiff{, x'/L / udL{sf] a]nf k9fOdf c;/ k5{ .
æw]/} h;f] ;do d ljBfno hfFbf cfwf af6f]af6} kmls{G5', æxfd|f] sIffsf]7fsf] 5fgfdf kfgL kbf{ rsf]{ cfjfh
lsgeg] bf]Gb|f vf]nf tg{ ;lsFbg . dnfO{ nfU5 lzIffeGbf
} cfpF5 / To;n] xfdLnfO{ k9fOdf cj/f]w k'¥ofpF5 .
hLjg dxTjk"0f{ xf], To;}n] vf]nf tg]{ hf]lvd lng d x'/Ln] slxn] t 5fgf g} p8fpF5 / xfd|f] sIffel/ w"n–w"nf]
}
rfxGg . xfd|f] klxnf] k/LIffdf d}n] /fd|f] ug{ ;lsg . kf]xf]/ x'G5 . o:tf] a]nfdf xfdL e'Odf kN6]/ hf]luG5f}F . udL{df
F
;fn bf]Gb|f vf]nfsf] k'n eTs]kl5 d 3/ kmls{g g;s]/ w]/} tftf]n] ubf{ 6fpsf] b'Vg] / sIffdf g} lgb|f nfUg] klg
lbg ;fyLsf] 3/d} a;]ÙF af9Lsf] a]nf lstfa / sfkL x'G5 .Æ
x/fpg' ;fdfGo h:t} xf] . Æ kf;fª z]kf{, jif{ !!, afnfh', sf7df8f}+, g]kfn .
ljdfs'df/L lj= s= jif{ !^, d6]lxof, afFs] .
;lhnf] af6f] klx/f]n] k'/kl5 /fDr]sf afnaflnsfnfO{ @
]
306f psfnf] lxF8/ ljBfno k'Ug'k5{ .
]

æ dnfO{ hDdf tLg 306f lx“8gk5{ . 8]9306f
'
:s'n cfpg / csf]{ 8]9306f 3/ kmls{g .
5f]6f] af6f] klx/f]n] lauf/]sf]n] ;'/lIft af6f]

Æ
lx“8bf nfdf] ;do nfU5 . dnfO{ crDd

nflu/x]5 – klx/f] hfg] qmd a9b5 . }
8f]dfnhL tfdfª jif{ !#, /fDr], /;'jf, g]kfn . afnaflnsfx? af9Lsf] a]nf ljBfno hfg'kbf{sf r'gf}tLx? b]vfp5g
-afnaflnsfsf] ;xeflutfd"ns j[Qlrqsf] Ps b[Zo
-d6]lxof, afFs_
]



efjgfTds ;+jl4
[ /;'jf lhNnfdf klx/f]n] ubf{ x'g] ef}lts ;d:ofafx]s
klx/f]n] ubf{ ;a} ljjfxof]Uo s]6fx¿ lj:yflkt eO{ a;fOF
hnjfo' kl/jt{gn] hLljsf]kfh{g, lzIff / ef}lts hLjgdf ;/] eg] >Ldfg g} gkfOg] xf] ls eGg] lrGtf klg s]6Lx¿df
dfq k|efj kfg]{ geO{ afnaflnsfsf] efjgfTds cj:yfdf TolQs} /x]5 .
klg k|efj kf/]sf] 5 . cg';Gwfgaf6 klx/f] jf af9Ln] ubf{
x'g] c:yfoL / :yfoL :yfgfGt/0fn] afnaflnsf / pgLx¿sf] afFssf afnaflnsfn] s;/L cfˆgf kl/jf/sf ;b:ox¿
]
;d'bfodf 8/ / tgfjsf] cj:yf l;h{gf ubf]/x]5 eGg]
{ Af9Lkl5 clgb|f, tgfj, lr8lr8]kgsf sf/0f / Psfu| eO{
b]vfPsf] 5 . 5/l5d]ssf] ;DaGwdf cK7]/f] k5{, ldqtf 6'65 sfd ug{ g;Sg] cj:yfdf 5g eGg] s'/f atfP . af9Lsf]
jf 5'65, cfk;L ;xof]usf ;~hfnx¿ 6'65g / kl/jfl/s
dlxgf}kl5 o;n] pTkGg u/]sf ljljw ;d:ofn] ubf{
;DaGw klg cK7]/f]df kg{ ;S5 . o;sf ;fy} afnaflnsfn] jo:ssf ;fy} afnaflnsf klg lrGtf / lg/fzfn] cfqmfGt
yk ;Defljt klx/f] / af9Lsf] qf; klg JoQm u/] . aGg' t ;fdfGo g} eO;s]sf] 5 . o; ;xeflutfd"ns
j[Qlrqaf6 pTvgg ePsf w]/} ;f/dWo]sf] hnjfo'hGo
hf]lvdn] efjgfTds ¿kdf dflg;nfO{ s;/L c;/ kf/]sf]
5 eGg] xf] . o:tf k|sf]kdf k/L Hofg u'dfPsf cfkmGtnfO{
la;{g' lgs} g} dd{:kzL{ cg'ej xf] .

afnaflnsfx?n] ljBfno hfFbf s;/L 7"nf–7"nf klx/f] kf/ ug{'k5{ eGg]
b]vfpF5g -afnaflnsfsf] ;xeflutfd"ns j[Qlrqsf] Ps b[Zo – /fDr],
/;'jf, g]kfn_

ækf}l8g ghfGg]x¿ af9Lsf] ;dodf aufpF5 ls eg]/
8/fpF5g . ut jif{sf] af9Ldf bf]Gb|f vf]nfn] aufP/ Ps !!
jif{sL s]6Lsf] Hofg uof] . s]6fx¿n] luHofpg] x'bfF leh]sf af9Ln] ubf{ cfkmgf] bfh' u'dfpg' k/]sf]df Ps aflnsf ¿lG5g
sk8f nufP/ :s'n cfpg klg ;d:of x'G5 . clg lbge/ -afnaflnsfsf] ;xeflutfd"ns j[Qlrqsf] Ps b[Zo – afnfh', sf7df8f}+_
lr;f] sk8f nufP/ a:bf ?3fvf]sLsf] 8/ klg Tolts}
x'G5 .Æ
pdf a'9fyf]sL, jif{ !$, d6]lxof, afFs], g]kfn .
afnaflnsfn] klx/f]sf] a]nf cfkmgf ;fdfg, kl/jf/, 3/ /

æ
3/kfn'jf kz'sf] af/]df klg lrGtf JoQm u/] .

:s'ndf x'bf w]/} kfgL k¥of] eg] xfdL
“
k9fOdf Wofg lbg ;Sb}gf}, lsgeg] klx/f]n]
“

Æ
xfd|f] kl/jf/nfO{ aufof] ls eGg] lrGtf
nfU5 .
s]zfª tfdfª, jif{ !#, /;'jf, /fDr], g]kfn .



/fDr], /;'jf glhs} klx/f]n] 3/, af6f] / v]taf/L aufpF5 .

æ
kfgLsf] kx'r
“
xfdLnfO{ kfgL / vfg]s/f h'6fpg ;d:of
'
tLj| e"–Ifo / klx/f]n] ubf{ kxf8sf kfgLsf ;|ftx¿
]
clgoldt aGb} uPsf 5g . ;dy/ d}bfgdf klg v8]/Ln] k/]sf] 5 . klx/f]n] 9'ªuf–df6f] aufof] .

Æ
ubf{ kfgLsf d"nx¿ w]/} ;'ssf 5g . kfgL af]Sg 306f}
] hgfj/n] kof{Kt vfgf vfg kfPgg, /
lx8g' kg]{ x'gfn] o;n] afnaflnsfdf yk sfdsf] af]em af]6la¿jf klg /fd|f;u x'ls{g ;s]gg .
] “
kf/]sf] 5 . sf7df8f}sf afnaflnsfn] klg pkTosfdf
+
vfg]kfgLsf] ckof{Kttf dx;'; u/]sf 5g .
' ;l/tf tfdfª, jif{ !$, /;'jf, /fDr], g]kfn .

aS;–$ afu]Zj/L :ynut cWoog

æv8]/L nfdf] / emg} cgk]lIft x'b5Æ
“ }
æd]/f] gfd ;Gtf]if xf] . d !& jif{sf] eP“ / bz sIffdf k95' . d]/f] kl/jf/sf] u'hf/f
t/sf/L, u]8fu'8L / ds}sf] v]tLaf6 rn]sf] 5 . d]/L cfdf >ldssf] ¿kdf sfd ug{'
x'G5 . :s'n 5'§L x'bf d klg jxf“;u} sfd u5'{ . of] jif{ g;f]rsf] v8]/L kgf{n] xfd|f]
“ “ ]
v]tL ;lk|Pg . o;n] ubf{ d]/f] a'afnfO{ ef/tlt/ ljb]lzg' k¥of] . ljutsf kf“r jif{df
xfd|f] j/k/sf] df};d o;/L km]l/Psf] b]Vbf pb]s nfU5 . xfdL v8]/L, clgoldt jiff{
/ af9Laf6 kLl8t 5f}“ . o;n] xfd|f] v]tLdfq xf]Og :jf:Yodf ;d]t c;/ kf/]sf] 5 .
dg;'gdf dfq} x'g] cf“vf kfSg] ;d:of v8]/Lsf] a]nfdf klg b]lvg yfNof] . cf}iflwsf]
nflu k};f rflxg] x'bf xfd|f] kl/jf/df yk af]em kg]{ g} eof] . dnfO{ af9Lsf] a]nf
“
ljBfno k'Ug c;Dej x'G5 . xfdLnfO{ s[lifafx]s hLljsf]kfh{gsf] j}slNks ;|ft ]
h:t} M l;sdL{ / l;nfO{–a'gfO;DaGwL tflnd rflxG5 . clg s[lifdf g} sfd ug{
rfxg]sf nflu ;'Vvf ;xg ;Sg] afnL nufpgsf] lglDt ;xof]u ug{k5{ .æ '
;Gtf]if lj=s=, jfu]Zj/L, afFs], g]kfn .



#= ljBdfg cg'sng /0fgLlt / To;sf
ca/f]w
"

afnaflnsf, ltgsf kl/jf/ Pj+ ;d'bfon] kl/jt{gzLn hnjfo'sf k|efjx¿;“u cg'sng x'g' kg]{ a]nf
"
cfPsf] 5 . o; cg';Gwfgn] pgLx¿n] clxn] g} cg'sngsf pkfox¿ klxNofO;s]sf 5g eGg] kQf
"
nufPsf] 5 . t/, To;df ca/f]w gePsf eg] xf]Ogg .
pgLx¿ clxn] s;/L ;fdgf u5{g t ===
afnL ljljwLs/0f n3'shf{
afu]Zj/Ldf s]xL dlxnf ;d"xn] g]kLo/ / NB–21 h:tf n3'shf{ of]hgfcGtu{t d6]lxof / jfu]Zj/Lsf dlxnf
pGgt 3fF;sf hft nufpg ;'? u/]sf 5g . ;d"xx¿n] art tyf C0f ;'ljwfsf sf/f]af/ ;~rfng
ul//x]sf 5g . C0fsf] k|of]u af9L / klx/f]n] ubf{ afnL
pTkfbg / cfDbfgL 36bfsf] cj:yfsf] cfjZostf k"/f ug{
x'g] u5{ . C0fsf] pkof]u afnaflnsfsf] :jf:Yo / lzIffdf
nufgL ug{ klg pkof]u x'g] u/]sf] 5 .
;xsf/L v]tL
d6]l] xofsf] Ps dlxnf ;d"xn] ;xsf/L v]tL ;~rfng ug{
b'O{ jif{sf] nflu hUuf ef8fdf lnPsf 5g . of] ;fgf]
k|of;n] v]tLdf x'g] IfltnfO{ ;dfof]hg ug{ ;3fpF5 .

/fd|f] df};dsf] cfzfdf Ps ls;fg bDkQL af/Ldf d]xgt u5{g
-afnaflnsfsf] ;xeflutfd"ns j[Qlrqsf] Ps b[Zo, :ofk|m'a]zL, /;'jf_ .

l;“rfO k|ljlw
æ xfd|f] cj:yfdf ;'wf/ cfPsf] b]Vbf ldn]/
sfd ug{sf] dxTj a'lemG5 . xfd|f cfdfx¿n]
'
ToxL eP/ ;xsf/L v]tL ug]{ u/L ;d"xdf
;b:otf lnPsf x'g . xfdLnfO{ o;f] gu/]
af“Rg} ufx|f] x'GYof] . v]tL ug{' sl7g x'G5 /

Æ
;dy/ e"efudf v8]/Lsf]] k|efjnfO{ sd ug{ ls;fgx¿n]
j}slNks l;FrfOsf] ¿kdf v'§fn] rNg] kDk k|of]u ug{ slxn]sfxL“ pTkfbgdf 3f6f klg x'G5 .
yfn]sf 5g .
uf]kfn /f]sfof, jif{ !%, d6]lxof, afFs],g]kfn
;'wfl/Psf] 9nlgsf; k|0ffnL
sdhf]/ 9nlgsf; k|0ffnLn] af9Lsf] ;d:of a9fpF5 .
hnk|jfxnfO{ ;xh agfpg d6]lxofdf ;+jbgzLn :yfgdf
]
7"nf–7"nf kfOk laR5ofpg] / s'n;f sf6g] rng a9b} 5 .
]
vfB ;'/Iff
af9L / v8]/L jflif{s 36gfrqm x'g / ltgLx¿sf]] dfqf /
cfj[lQ emg–emg a9b} 5 . To;af6 hf]lug dg;'g /
;'Vvfofdsf] nflu dflg;x¿n] vfg]s/f / ;'Vvf t/sf/L
'
agfpF5g . lrp/f, lrgL, rfprfp, u'Gb|s, d'nfsf] l;GsL,
;'s6L, ;'Svf–sfpnL / Rofp cflb ;'Vvf jf xn'sf / l56}
'
glalu|g] vfg]s/f e08f/0f ug]{ rng a9b} uPsf] 5 .
'



hLjg–ofkgsf j}slNks pkfo pgLx¿n] ef]Ug'k/]sf r'gf}tLx¿===
]
v]tL c;kmn x'bf s]xL afnaflnsfsf kl/jf/n] bfp/f a]Rg],
F
;–;fgf k;n rnfpg] / Hofnf–dhb'/L ug]{ pkfo ul/aL
yfln;s]sf 5g . afu]Zj/Ldf vf]nfsf] lsgf/df afF; /f]Kg ul/aLn] kl/jt{gzLn hnjfo';u cg'sng x'g lgs} cK7]/f]
F "
;'? ul/Psf] 5 . afF; :yfgLo :t/d} ;lhn} laqmL x'g] xFbf ' agfpF5 . afnaflnsfx¿sf egfOdf pgLx¿sf kl/jf/n]
dflg;x¿nfO{ yk cfDbfgL k|fKt x'G5 . pGgt k|ljlw Pj+ cf}hf/, ;'Vvf ;xg ;Sg] afnL / gofF
/f]huf/Lsf] nflu b]zleq} jf ljb]zlt/ c:yfoL a;fOF ;g{' v]tL k|ljlw;DaGwL tflnddf k};f vr{ ug{ ;Sg] xf] eg] w]/}
klg hLljsf]kfh{gsf] Ps ljsNk tyf ljljwLs/0fsf] pkfo /fd|f] x'g] lyof] .
dfGg ;lsg] cj:yf 5 . s[lifhGo cfDbfgL 36]sf] a]nfdf
j}bl] zs /f]huf/af6 k|fKt x'g] k};f o:tf u|fdL0f If]qsf ef}lts ;+/rgf
nflu cfDbfgLsf] dxTjk"0f{ ;|ft ePsf] 5 .
] af9L / klx/f]sf] ;dodf cJojl:yt af6f] / ;Lldt ;jf/L
;'ljwf x'gfn] ahf/;Dd ;fdfg lsga]r ug{sf ;fy}
'
ljBfno / c:ktfn k'Ug klg lgs} ;d:of 5 .

5'§Lsf] a]nf cfkmgf kl/jf/nfO{ ;3fpg afnsx? k|foM el/ofsf] sfd u5{g
-afnaflnsfsf] ;xeflutfd"ns j[Qlrqsf] Ps b[Zo, /fDr], /;'jf, g]kfn_

cfjf;sf] :yfgfGt/0f
s]xL kl/jf/x¿n] af9L / klx/f]af6 aRg 3/ g} ;/]sf 5g .
lxnf] af6f] xF'b} ljBfno hfFb} u/]sf afnaflnsf -afu]Zj/L, afFs], g]kfn_
d6]lxofdf af9Ln] ubf{ o:tf] cj:yf pTkGg ePsf] xf] .
o;n] ubf{ kl/jf/df yk sfo{af]em kg{ hfG5 . Pstkm{ 3/ ahf/;Ddsf] kx'r
“
;g{ / gofF agfpg nufgL ug{' kg]{ x'G5 eg] csf]tkm{
{
:yflkt ;d'bfo 5f]8bf x'g] efjgfTds / dgf]–;fdflhs
ljz]iftM sdhf]/ cfly{s cj:yf ePsf kl/jf/x¿nfO{
]
kL8f TolQs} si6s/ x'G5 . ahf/;Ddsf] kx'rsf] cefjn] hLljsf]kfh{gsf j}slNks
F

æ Æ
pkfo k|fKt ug{ sl7g ePsf] 5 .
af9L / klx/f]sf] ;Defjgf ePdf
sdhf]/ l;“rfO ;'ljwf
3/kfn'jf kz' / c¿ ;/;fdfg ;'/lIft
7fp“df ;fg'{ kg]{ x'G5 . v]tLkftL c;kmn x'gsf] k|dv sf/0f l;FrfO{ ;'ljwfsf]
' '
cefj xf] . klx/f] / nfdf] ;'Vvfn] ubf{ l;FrfOsf nflu

æ
ladf s'df/L lj= s=, jif{ !^, d6]lxof, afFs], g]kfn .
pko'Qm kfgLsf d'xfg ;'Sb} uPsf 5g .
xfd|f] ufp“df agfOPsf s]xL gof“ 3/x¿sf]
hu hldgaf6 cnL dfly p7fP/ dfq}

Æ
agfOG5, h;sf] sf/0f af9L cfp“bf
3/leq kfgL gk;f]; . of] gof“ rng xf] .
u'?jrg ofbj, jif{ !!, d6]lxof, afFs], g]kfn .



$= afnaflnsf eG5g M cg'sngsf lglDt xfdLnfO{ s]
rflxG5 <
"

of] cg';Gwfgaf6 afnaflnsfx¿;“u hnjfo' kl/jt{gn] cfkmgf] hLjg / cfkmgf] kl/jf/sf]
hLljsf]kfh{gdfly kfg]{ k|efjjf/] :ki6 hfgsf/L 5 eGg] s'/f yfxf eof]] . ;fy} kl/jt{gzLn hnjfo';u
“
cg'sng x'g s]–s] s'/f cfjZos k5{ eGg] ljifodf klg pgLx¿ TolQs} hfgsf/ 5g .
"

jgljgfz /f]Sg'k5{ pGgt s[lif k|ljlw;Ddsf] kx'r
“
afnaflnsfn] a'em]sf] bL3{sfnLg k|fyldstfdWo]sf] Ps s[lif pTkfbg a9fpg afnaflnsf / pgLx¿sf ;d'bfosf]
dxTjk"0f{ kIf j[Iff/f]k0f xf] . pgLx¿ :YffgLo :t/df kx'r ;'wfl/Psf] l;FrfO k|0ffnL;Dd x'g' k5{ .
F
kof{j/0f ;+/If0f sfo{qmdsf] ljsf; / sfof{Gjog xf]; eGg] æa9L afnL pTkfbg gubf{ xfdLnfO{ eljZodf afFRg cK7]/f]
rfxG5g . x'g ;S5 . t/, ljBfdfg s[lif–k|0ffnL To;sf lglDt
ædnfO{ nfU5, af9Lsf] d'Vo sf/0f kl5Nnf jif{x¿df ckof{Kt 5 . xfdLnfO{ gofF s[lif–k|0ffnL k|of]u ug]{
xfdLaf6 ePsf] jgljgfz g} xf] . kfFr jif{df dfq} xfdLn] ;DaGwdf ;xof]u rflxG5, cGoyf afFRg} ufx|f] xf]nf h:tf]
ufpF j/k/sf] s}of}F /f]kgL jgIf]q u'dfof}F+ . o:t} x'g] xf] eg] 5 .Æ
xfdLn] af9L / klx/f]sf] cem a9L ;fdgf ug{ tof/ x'g' ;'dg a'9fyf]sL, jif{ !$, d6]lxof, afFs], g]kfn .
k5{ . To;}n] hªunnfO{ x/fe/f agfpg] Psdfq pkfo cfwf/e"t ef}lts ;+/rgfsf] ;'wf/
;fd'lxs ¿kdf j[Iff/f]k0f ug'{ g} xf] .Æ
d6]lxofsf w]/} afnaflnsf af9Lsf] ;dodf ljBfno hfg

æÆ
;f]dfs'df/L /f]sfof, jif{ !$,d6]lxof, afFs], g]kfn .
;Sb}gg . pgLx¿n] To:tf] a]nfdf :s'n hfgsf] nflu kSsL
k'nsf] cfjZostf /x]sf] atfP . /fDr]sf afnaflnsfn]
xfdLn] tof/Lsf ;fy j[Iff/f]k0f cleofg l56f]eGbf l56f] t6aGw / hfnL kvf{n nufpg'sf ;fy}
rnfpg' k5{ / dflg;n] hnjfo' kl/jt{gaf/] ;d'bfosf ;b:onfO{ 7"nf] klx/f]sf] k|efj 36fpg] ;DaGwdf
a'‰g'k5{ . tflnd lbg'kg]{ s'/f cf}NofP .
F

æ
leddfof tfdfª, jif{ !%, /fDr], /;'jf, g]kfn .

dg;'gsf] a]nf ofqf ug{ sl7g x'G5 . af6f]
lxnf] x'G5 / w]/} 7fp“df k'nx¿ elTsg] x'gfn]
xfdLnfO{ :s'n hf“bf–cfp“bf hf]lvdk"0f{
7fp“x¿ kf/ ug{' k5{ . olb af6f] / k'nsf]
;'wf/ gug]{ xf] eg] xfdLn] ckmgf] k9fOnfO{
s;/L cl3 a9fpg] < dnfO{ nfU5 ufp“df

Æ
af6f] / k'n ;'wfg{ ;a}eGbf klxnf]
k|fyldstf lbg'k5{ .
l8sL ;fªaf] tfdfª, jif{ !#, /fDr], /;'jf, g]kfn .

jgljgfzn] ubf{ ljBfno hfg'klxn] g} s;/L 6f9f–6f9f;Dd 3fF;–bfp/f
ug{ hfg'k5{ eGg] oyfy{ b]vfpFb} aflnsf
-afnaflnsfsf] ;xeflutfd"ns j[Qlrqsf] Ps b[Zo
afu]Zj/L, afFs, g]kfn_
]



nIdL tdfª jiff{sf] cefjn] of] afnLsf] pTkfbg s;/L 36]sf] 5 eg]/
;'gfpFl5g , /fDr], /;'jf, g]kfn .

;r]tgf clej[l4
Affnaflnsfsf cg';f/ cfkmgf ;d'bfosf] ;r]tgf /
;LknfO{ j[l4 ug'{ k5{, h;sf sf/0f hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf
hf]lvd / o;n] dflg;, ufO{j:t' / v]tLkftLdf kfg]{
c;/af/] ;a}n] hfgsf/L /fV5g . pgLx¿ ;fyL–lzIff /

æ
tflnddfkm{t ;r]tgf clej[l4 xf]; eGg] rfxG5g .

abln“bf] hnjfo'n] gof“–gof“ hf]lvdx¿ a9fp“b}
uPsf] a]nf dflg;nfO{ o;af/] ;r]t agfpg'
cfjZos 5 . dnfO{ nfU5 dh:t} w]/n] }
hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf sf/0faf/] yfxf kfPsf
5}gg . ;"rgf;Ddsf] kx'r / r]tgf clej[l4
“
cem a9L cfjZos 5 . xfdLn] o:tf] s'/f
ljBfnoaf6 ;'? ug'{ k5{ . afnaflnsf ;r]t

Æ
ePdf cfkmgf] kl/jf/nfO{ klg l;sfpg
;lsG5 .
uf]kfn /f]sfof, jif{ !%, d6]lxof, afFs], g]kfn .

pko'Qm k|sf]k hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f
afnaflnsfdfly r/d df};dL cj:yfaf6 pTkGg x'g] hf]lvd
Go"gLs/0f ug{ :yfgLo clwsf/Ln] pko'Qm of]hgf agfO{

æ
sfo{qmd th{df ug'{ k5{ eGg] rfxG5g .
'
xfdLnfO{ ;d:of s] x'g / ltgsf] ;fdfwfg ug{
s] rflxG5 eGg] yfxf 5 . t/ k|sf]kaf6 x'g]
hf]lvd 36fpg xfdLn] ;/sf/nfO{ bafa

Æ
lbPsf 5}gf}“ . dnfO{ nfU5 dg;'g ;'? x'geGbf
'
klxn] a]ndf sfd yfNg'k5{ .
} k]Djf bfaf eG5gM o:t} cl:y/ df};d /lx/xof] eg] v]tL nufpg
/~h' bfxfn, jif{ !%, afnfh', sf7df8f}+, g]kfn . cK7]/f] x'g]5 / pgsf] kl/jf/n] yk b'Mv kfpg]5, /fDr], aFfs], g]kfn .



tflnsf !
hnjfo' kl/jt{g;Fu cg'sng x'g afnaflnsfsf cg';f/ lbOg'kg]{ cNksfnLg / bL3{sfnLg k|fyldstf / ltgsf ;Lldttf
"
lgDgcg';f/ b]lvPsf 5g M– !&

cNksfnLg k|fyldstf bL3{sfnLg k|fyldstf ;Defljt r'gf}tL
;'ljwfdf ;'wf/ j[Iff/f]k0f ul/aL
jghªunsf ;|ftx¿sf] ;+/If0fsf]
] ckof{Kt cfly{s ;|ft,
]
:jf:Yo / s[lifdf :YffgLo
nflu ;jn Joj:yfkg -h:t} M jg sdhf]/ :yfgLo zf;g,
;]jfsf] :t/f]Gglt,
x]/fn'_ pkfo ckgfpg',
bIf hgzlQmåf/f :jf:Yo, s[lif :yfgLo ;/sf/sf] cg'kl:ylt,
;fd'bflos jg ljsf;
tyf kz';jf k|bfg ul/g]
] ultljlwnfO{ k|j4{g ug{,' hgtfnfO{ ;]jf lbg] ljifodf ;/sf/n]
lglZrt ug{' . gbL lsgf/df ¿v la¿jf / 3fF; a]jf:tf ug'{ .
ef}lts ;+/rgfdf ;'wf/ /f]Kg' . ;r]tgf÷;Lksf] cefj
j}slNks hLljsf÷pGgt s[lifhGo 1fg / ;Lk sdhf]/ x'g,'
n3'–l;FrfOsf nflu v'§fn]
rNg] kDk h8fg ug{,'
pTkfbg k/Dk/fut s[lif k4ltdf a9L ljZjf;
kl/jlt{t hnjfo'df pko'Qm x'g] ug'{ .
ljBfno ejgx¿ ;'/lIft j}slNks afnLsf] k|j4{g ug{,'
:yfgdf lgdf{0f ug',{ sdhf]/ ef}lts ;+/rgf÷ahf/sf]
:yfgLo:t/df cfDbfgL a9fpg]
ultljlwnfO{ k|fyldstf lbg',
kx'“r
3/]n' kmf]xf]/ Jojl:yt ug{,'
dlxnf / afnaflnsfnfO{ ;Lkd"ns sdhf]/ ;jf/L ;'ljwf,
pBf]uhGo k|bif0fsf] pkrf/
"
tflnd lbg', a9bf] clgolGqt ;jf/L,
ug{' .
gofF s[lif k|ljlw / j}slNks afnL ;x/ jl/kl/sf] cfjf;;DaGwL
;r]tgf clej[l4 pTkfbg;DaGwdf tflnd lbg' . sdhf]/ gLlt .
hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf ;Defljt n3' ljQ÷ ;xsf/L v]tL ckof{Kt l;“rfO
c;/af/] hgr]tgf a9fpg', :yfgLo:t/df art tyf C0f kfgLsf ;|ftx¿ ;'Sb} hfg' .
]
;d"x÷;xsf/LnfO{ k|j4{g ug'{ .
dfgj :jf:Yodf k|bif0fsf]
" >dsf] cefj
k|efjaf/] dflg;nfO{ lzlIft ef}lts ;+/rgfdf ;'wf/
l;FrfO ;'ljwfdf ;'wf/ ug',{ cfjlws a;fOF;/fOsf sf/0f
agfpg',
k'n–k'n;f lgdf{0f ug{,'
] :yfgLo:t/df >dzlQmsf] cefj x'g' .
/fd|f] ;/;kmfO cEof;
9n lgsf;df ;'wf/ ug{,'
;DaGwdf hgr]tgf a9fpg' .
s'nf], gfnL / 9nsf] lgdf{0f ug{,'
kof{Kt afFw Jo:yfkg ug{,'
s[lif pks/0f rnfpg lgoldt
ljB't k|jfx ug{,'
e"–Ifo /f]syfd ug{' h:t} – r/g
lgoGq0f ug',{
5'§f5'§eGbf ax'tn] ejg lgdf{0f
}
ug{,'
:jR5 lkpg] kfgL k|bfg ug{,'
ljBfnosf 5fgfdf ss{6 kftf
n6fpg' .
k|sf]k hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f
k|sf]k hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf pko'Qm
sfo{qmd th'df ug{' .
{



%= l;sfO

afnaflnsfx?n] hnjfo' kl/jt{g kl/of]hgfsf] af/]df l;S5g / klxnf]kN6 cfkm"nfO{ Sofd/fdf x]5{g, d6]lxof, afFs], g]kfn .



g]kfnL afnaflnsfnfO{ hnjfo' kl/jt{g;DaGwdf pgLx¿sf
cg'sngsf cfjZostfaf/] cfjfh p7fpg Ps pko'Qm
"
d~r k|bfg ug]{ nIo of] k|ltj]bg / ;fydf /x]sf] rnlrqn]
/fv]sf] 5 . :yfgLo ;Gbe{cg'¿k afnaflnsfdfly hnjfo'
kl/jt{gsf k|efj km/s kg{ ;S5g . w]/} kl/j]zdf r/d /
cg'dfg ug{ g;lsg] df};dL cj:yfn] afnaflnsf /
pgLx¿sf] ;d'bfodf gsf/fTds k|efj k/]sf] 5 .
of] k|ltj]bgn] kl/jt{zLn hnjfo'sf] ;Gb{edf
afnaflnsfsf] clwsf/ ;'lgZrt ug{sf] nflu s]xL
;'emfjx¿ k|:t't u5{ M
afn clwsf/ M pgLx¿sf] cfjfh ;'Gg' M of]
k|ltj]bg / ;fydf ;+nUg lj[Qlrqn] afnaflnsfnfO{ hnjfo' kl/jt{g;DaGwL ;xeflutfd"ns j[Qlrq kl/of]hgfdf ;xefuL
hnjfo' kl/jt{gn] xfd|f] hLjgdf kfg]{ c;/af/] yfxf 5 . /, afnaflnsf, afu]Zj/L, afFs, g]kfn .
]
pgLx¿nfO{ cg'sng / ;dfwfgsf pkfo vf]Hg ;xof]u
"
rflxG5 eGg] s'/f b]vfpF5 . afnaflnsfsf] cfjfhsf]
;'gjfO{ x'gkg]{ clwsf/ :yfgLo ;fy} /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o
' '
:t/;Dd 5 .
cg'sng;DaGwL afnclwsf/ M hLjg, ;'/Iff,
"
;xeflutf / ljsf; afnaflnsfsf $ cfwf/e"t
cfjZostf x'g . clwsf/df cfwfl/t b[li6sf]0f /fVbf
hnjfo' kl/jt{g cg'sng ;DaGwdf afnaflnsf;Fu sfd
"
ug'{ P]lR5s ljifo dfq geO{ pgLx¿sf] clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f
ug'{ klg xf] .
lZfIff;DaGwL afnclwsf/ M kl/jt{gzLn hnjfo'n]
kfl/jfl/s hLljsf]kfh{g / cfkmgf] afn–aRrfnfO{ ljBfno
k7fpg ;Sg] cfly{s x}l;otdf ;d]t k|efj kf/]sf] 5 .
;/sf/n] 5fqj[lQ, eQf, z'Nsdf 5'6h:tf ;'ljwfsf]
Joj:yf u/L afnaflnsfnfO{ ljBfno hfg al~rt x'gaf6 '
/f]Sg'k5{ .
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1 Smith, D. and Vivekananda, J., 2007, ‘A Climate of
Conflict:The Links Between Climate Change, Peace and 9 The DFID-funded Disaster Risk and Reduction through
War’, International Alert. Schools (DRRS) project has the objective to make schools in
high disaster risk areas safer, enabling them to act as a locus
http://www.international-alert.org/publications/322.php for disaster risk reduction, and to engage the education sector
(accessed 29/10/08) in the Hydro Framework for Action through awareness for
disaster prevention, preparedness and mitigation.
2 Stern, N., 2008, ‘Forward: Our Climate, Our Children, Our
responsibility. The implications of climate change for the 1 0 IIED, 2004, Nepal CLAAC Report, IIED Working Paper No.
world’s children’, UNICEF UK. 3, London: IIED
3 World Food Programme, UNICEF, Save the Children Alliance: 1 1 It should be noted that the level of certainty for rainfall
Inter Agency Rapid Flood Assessment – Nepal (August, 07) projections is less than for temperature.
http://www.un.org.np/reportlibrary/reportlibrary.php?bc=r 1 2 IIED, 2004, Nepal CLAAC Report, IIED Working Paper No.
accessed 29/10/08) 3, London: IIED
4 Children in a Changing Climate, 2007, The Right to 1 3 Ahmed, S.M., Husain, A.M.M., Sattar, M.G. and Chowdhury,
Participate: Securing children’s role in climate change A.M.R., 1999, ‘A quick assessment of flood losses and
adaptation, Children in a Changing Climate postflood rehabilitation needs in BRAC’s programme areas’,
in Ahmed, S.M. & Ahmed, H.S. (eds) Experiences of deluge:
http://www.childreninachangingclimate.org flood 1998, Research Monograph Series, Dhaka: BRAC
(accessed 29/10/08)
1 4 Gautam, D., Sharma, A., Amatya, A. and Jnavaly, S.S., 2007,
5 Current core programme partners include the Institute of ‘Climate Change Adaptation on Livelihood of Women
Development Studies, Plan International, ActionAid, Save the Farmers: Case study of Banke and Bardiya Districts of Nepal’,
Children, UNICEF, UK National Children’s Bureau, RMIT ActionAid Nepal
Melbourne and Risk Frontiers, as well as a number of research
institutes engaged in individual research projects under 1 5 Gautam, D., 2006, ‘Process Documentation of Participatory
CCCresearch, Vulnerability Analysis (PVA): Disaster Risk reduction through
School Project (DRRSP)’, ActionAid Nepal
www.childreninachangingclimate.org/partners_ccc.html
1 6 Gautam, D., Kathayat, R.R. and Yadav R.N., 2008, ‘Impact
6 Bimal, R. and Adhikari, A., 2008, ‘Country Case Study – of Climate Change on Students, Schools and Neighbourhoods’,
Nepal: Local Initiatives for Biodiversity, Research and BEE-Group Nepal
Development (LI-BIRD)’ in Human Development 2007/2008
Report: Fighting climate change: Human solidarity in a 1 7 Summary of results from focus groups with children and adult
divided world, New York: UNDP community members.
7 International Institute for Environment and Development
(IIED, 2004, Nepal CLAAC Report, IIED Working Paper
No. 3, London: IIED
8 The term Dalit refers to a ‘Pani Nachalne’ (untouchable)
group or caste from whom water is not accepted according to
Hindu social structure (Source: ActionAid Nepal, CARE Nepal
and Save the Children (2002) ‘National Dalit Strategy
Report’)


Ids child no bleed nepali

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