SlideShare uma empresa Scribd logo
1 de 65
Baixar para ler offline
STUDYING POLITICAL ISSUES
IN THE DIGITAL AGE
RICHARD ROGERS
POLITICAL RESEARCH ONLINE
WITH DIGITAL METHODS
1. Conceptual History of Online Research, 1994-2014
2. Digitized versus (Natively) Digital Methods
3. Doing Political Research with Digital Methods (neo-empirical research traditions)
4. The Future of Political Research with Digital Methods in Social Media (e.g., Twitter)
POLITICAL RESEARCH ONLINE
WITH DIGITAL METHODS
>1. Conceptual History of Online Research, 1994-2014
2. Digitized versus (Natively) Digital Methods
3. Doing Political Research with Digital Methods (neo-empirical research traditions)
4. The Future of Political Research with Digital Methods in Social Media (e.g., Twitter)
WHERE ARE WE NOW?
FROM VIRTUAL TO SOCIETAL SPACE
3 VIRTUALS, OR 3 WAYS OF SEEING THE WEB
Web as Cyberspace (1994-2000) Virtual as distinct from the real. Virtual studies
Web as Virtual Society? (2000-2007) Virtual is part of the real. Offline as baseline
Web as Virtual? Society (2007- ) 'Virtual' as indication of the real. Online as baseline
Now: Use online data about society & culture, and make 'online grounded' claims
Rogers studyingpoliticalissues mar2014_optimized_ii_
WEB AS DATA
The Internet offers an entirely different channel for understanding
what people are saying...
Tracing the spread of arguments, rumors, or positions about
political and other issues in the blogosphere…
[T]he concerns of an electorate become visible in the searches
they conduct. They offer ample opportunities for research that
would otherwise be impossible or unacceptable.
D. Lazer et al., Computational Social Science, Science, 323, 2009.
Web data as offering the previously impossible and unacceptable
POLITICAL RESEARCH ONLINE
WITH DIGITAL METHODS
1. Conceptual History of Online Research, 1994-2014
>2. Digitized versus (Natively) Digital Methods
3. Doing Political Research with Digital Methods (neo-empirical research traditions)
4. The Future of Political Research with Digital Methods in Social Media (e.g., Twitter)
DIGITIZED METHODS
Online surveys - Finding the mailing lists to send them to
Online samples - Become difficult. Knowability of population?
Online interviews - Record interviewees?
Online user studies - Browser histories?
Online investigative reporting - Order of fact-checking changes?
Imported and migrated methods adapted slightly to the online
NATIVELY DIGITAL
In computing, software has a native mode when it is written for a
specific processor.
In computing, software has native support when it is written for
a specific operating system.
Methods are native when "written for the medium"
Natively digital is meant in a computing sense
DIGITAL METHODS
Digital Methods research steps:
Which objects and data are available? (links, tags, timestamps...)
How do dominant devices and platforms handle them?
How to learn from and repurpose the device methods?
Are findings grounded in the online? Is the online the baseline?
Distinction between methods that migrate to the medium and those ‘native’ to it
POLITICAL RESEARCH ONLINE
WITH DIGITAL METHODS
1. Conceptual History of Online Research, 1994-2014
2. Digitized versus (Natively) Digital Methods
>3. Doing Political Research with Digital Methods (neo-empirical research traditions)
4. The Future of Political Research with Digital Methods in Social Media (e.g., Twitter)
DIGITAL METHODS
OBJECTS &
APPROACHES
Hyperlinks - Show related sites, good to make a sample (for censorship research)
2 Search Engines - As research machines to detect partisanship and bias
3. Wikipedia - As cultural reference to study the politics of memory (reconciliation)
4. Social Media Platforms - As site to study political preference
5. Twitter - As machine providing accounts of events on the ground
A Censored Network: Iranian Social, Political and Religious Sites
A hyperlink analysis method for censored Website discovery.
© 2006 Govcom.org and ONI
06
Internet Censorship Visualizations________________________2006
Data_by OpenNet Initiative and map by Issuecrawler.net.
Analysis_by Richard Rogers, Nart Villeneuve and Erik
Borra, and design_by Marieke van Dijk.
A Censored Network: Iranian Social, Political and Religious Sites
IRAN
Legend
Blocked sites
Newly discovered blocked sites
Accessible sites
Inaccessible site (owing to DNS issue)
A co-production between the Govcom.org Foundation, Amsterdam, and the
OpenNet Initiative, a partnership between the Citizen Lab at the Munk
Centre for International Studies, University of Toronto, the Berkman Center
for Internet & Society at Harvard Law School, the Advanced Network
Research Group at the Cambridge Security Programme at Cambridge
University, and the Oxford Internet Institute, Oxford University.
medusa2000.com
Newly discovered blocked sites:
http://home.bip.net/radiohambastegi/
http://ir.mondediplo.com/
http://www.alahwaz.com/
http://www.ashoob.com/
http://www.asre-nou.net/
http://www.bbc.co.uk/persian/
http://www.channelonetv.com/
http://www.didgah.com/
http://www.didgah.net/
http://www.fadaee.org/
http://www.fedayi.org/
http://www.fwhi.org/
http://www.geocities.com/~fedaian/
http://www.gozareshgar.com/
http://www.iran-jommelli.com/
http://www.iranazad.com/
http://www.irandokht.com/
http://www.komalah.org/
http://www.kvinnonet.org/
http://www.mani-poesie.de/
http://www.medusa2000.com/
http://www.mihan.net/
http://www.negah1.com/
http://www.peykeiran.com/
http://www.radio-international.org/
http://www.radiobarabari.net/
http://www.rdki.com/
http://www.roozonline.com/
http://www.shahrvand.com/
http://www.zagros.info/
alahwaz.com
alefbe.com
amnesty.org
ashoob.comasre-nou.net
avairan.com
avayeashena.com
avayezan.com
azadi-iran.org
baztab.com
bbc.co.uk/persian
channelonetv.com
cpiran.org
didgah.com
didgah.net
etehadchap.com
etehadefedaian.org
ettelaat.com
fadaee.org
fadai.org
fadaian.org
fedayi.org
forughfarrokhzad.org
fwhi.org
geocities.com/~fedaian
golshan.com
golshirifoundation.org
gooya.com
gozareshgar.com
hadisara.com
hamshahri.net
hayateno.org
home.bip.net/radiohambastegi
i-w-o.org
ihrwg.org
ilna.ir
ir.mondediplo.com
iran-chabar.de
iran-e-sabz.org
iran-emrooz.de
iran-jommelli.com
iran-newspaper.com
iran.mojahedin.org
iranazad.com
irandokht.com
iransocialforum.org
irna.com
isnagency.com
jebhe.org
jebhemelli.net
jebhemelli.org
jonge-khabar.com
kanoon-zendanian.org
kargar.org
kasravi.info
komala.org
komalah.org
kvinnonet.org
mani-poesie.de
marxists.org
marzeporgohar.org
mihan.net
nashrieh-nameh.com
negah1.com
nehzateazadi.org
news.gooya.com
panahjoo.compayvand.com/news
pdk-iran.org
peiknet.com
peykeiran.com
radio-international.org
radiobarabari.net
radiofarda.com
radiokomaleh.com
radis.org
rahekargar.net
ranjbaran.org
rdki.com
rfi.fr/fichiers/Langues/rfi_persan_main.asp
rooydad.com
roozonline.com
roshangari.com
rowzane.com
sarbedaran.org
sh-shafa.com
shahrvand.com
shamlou.org
shamlu.com
sharareha.com
sharghnewspaper.com
siahkal.com
siasate-kargari.com
tehrantimes.com
toufan.org
tudehpartyiran.org
un.org
voanews.com
womeniniran.com
wpiran.org
wsu-iran.org
zagros.info
zan.org
Method & Findings:
Using Issuecrawler.net, crawl URLs (on 30 March
2006) from the OpenNet Initiative's list of Iranian
social, political and religious sites. Find network of
sites through one iteration of co-link analysis
(pictured). Fetch each site through a proxy in Iran
(on 18 May 2006). Discover sites previously
unknown to be blocked. Compare newly discovered
blocked sites with entire list of Iranian Websites
checked by the OpenNet Initiative. The finding is
the discovery of 30 blocked sites in Iran.
Size of node indicates inlink count from network.
LINK ANALYSIS TO STUDY
CENSORSHIP IN CHINA
Build list of Falun Gong websites
Crawl them and expand list (of related sites) with Issuecrawler
Check URLs for blocking in the Censorship Explorer tool
Color code Issuecrawler map to show extent of censorship
How effective is the censorship of Falun Gong sites (and content)?
Rogers studyingpoliticalissues mar2014_optimized_ii_
Rogers studyingpoliticalissues mar2014_optimized_ii_
Rogers studyingpoliticalissues mar2014_optimized_ii_
Rogers studyingpoliticalissues mar2014_optimized_ii_
CENSORSHIP MAPS:
IRAN & CHINA
The map are double-edged. They may be used by the censors, too.
Conclusions
DIGITAL METHODS
OBJECTS &
APPROACHES
Hyperlinks - Show related sites, good to make a sample (for censorship research)
>2 Search Engines - As research machines to detect partisanship and bias
3. Wikipedia - As cultural reference to study the politics of memory (reconciliation)
4. Social Media Platforms - As site to study political preference
5. Twitter - As machine providing accounts of events on the ground
SEARCH ENGINE AS
RESEARCH MACHINE
Search as research. Transform 'consumer information appliance’
into 'research machine.’ (Use research browser)
Query individual sites (Google site: query) to find bias, partisanship
and commitments. (Use the Google Scraper aka Lippmannian
Device available at tools.digitalmethods.net).
How to repurpose Google for social research?
SelectMethod&Visualization
TheGoogleScraperqueriesGoogleandmakestheresultsavailableforfurtheranalysis.
Inthetoptextbox,placeURLs.Inthebottom textbox,placekeywords.
GooglewillbeaskedifeachkeywordoccursineachURL.
Resultsareoutputtedastagclouds,htmltablesandtextfiles.
SEARCH ENGINE AS
RESEARCH MACHINE
Use


a


distinct


browser


for


research



Log


out


of


any


Google


services



Disable


customization


based


on


signed-out


search


activity








-


removes


personalization


of


web


history








-


removes


personalization


of


(social)


network








-


retains


localization


on


geography


(e.g.,

Mais conteúdo relacionado

Mais procurados

Meyer Big Data SDP13
Meyer Big Data SDP13Meyer Big Data SDP13
Meyer Big Data SDP13Eric Meyer
 
Studying Cybercrime: Raising Awareness of Objectivity & Bias
Studying Cybercrime: Raising Awareness of Objectivity & BiasStudying Cybercrime: Raising Awareness of Objectivity & Bias
Studying Cybercrime: Raising Awareness of Objectivity & Biasgloriakt
 
Data Journalism and the Remaking of Data Infrastructures
Data Journalism and the Remaking of Data InfrastructuresData Journalism and the Remaking of Data Infrastructures
Data Journalism and the Remaking of Data InfrastructuresLiliana Bounegru
 
GitHub as Transparency Device in Data Journalism, Open Data and Data Activism
GitHub as Transparency Device in  Data Journalism, Open Data and Data ActivismGitHub as Transparency Device in  Data Journalism, Open Data and Data Activism
GitHub as Transparency Device in Data Journalism, Open Data and Data ActivismLiliana Bounegru
 
Twitter analytics: some thoughts on sampling, tools, data, ethics and user re...
Twitter analytics: some thoughts on sampling, tools, data, ethics and user re...Twitter analytics: some thoughts on sampling, tools, data, ethics and user re...
Twitter analytics: some thoughts on sampling, tools, data, ethics and user re...Farida Vis
 
2013 Oxford Digital Humanities Summer School Workshop
2013 Oxford Digital Humanities Summer School Workshop2013 Oxford Digital Humanities Summer School Workshop
2013 Oxford Digital Humanities Summer School WorkshopEric Meyer
 
Twitter Data Analytics
Twitter Data AnalyticsTwitter Data Analytics
Twitter Data Analyticsrupika08
 
"Who is this redchanit?" Applying digital methods for issue mapping to one we...
"Who is this redchanit?" Applying digital methods for issue mapping to one we..."Who is this redchanit?" Applying digital methods for issue mapping to one we...
"Who is this redchanit?" Applying digital methods for issue mapping to one we...Jean Burgess
 
Doing Social and Political Research in a Digital Age: An Introduction to Digi...
Doing Social and Political Research in a Digital Age: An Introduction to Digi...Doing Social and Political Research in a Digital Age: An Introduction to Digi...
Doing Social and Political Research in a Digital Age: An Introduction to Digi...Liliana Bounegru
 
Meyer dig ethno_2013sdp
Meyer dig ethno_2013sdpMeyer dig ethno_2013sdp
Meyer dig ethno_2013sdpEric Meyer
 
Doing Digital Methods: Some Recent Highlights from Winter and Summer Schools
Doing Digital Methods: Some Recent Highlights from Winter and Summer SchoolsDoing Digital Methods: Some Recent Highlights from Winter and Summer Schools
Doing Digital Methods: Some Recent Highlights from Winter and Summer SchoolsLiliana Bounegru
 
Redistributing journalism: Journalism as a data public and the politics of qu...
Redistributing journalism: Journalism as a data public and the politics of qu...Redistributing journalism: Journalism as a data public and the politics of qu...
Redistributing journalism: Journalism as a data public and the politics of qu...Liliana Bounegru
 
Mapping Issues with the Web: An Introduction to Digital Methods
Mapping Issues with the Web: An Introduction to Digital MethodsMapping Issues with the Web: An Introduction to Digital Methods
Mapping Issues with the Web: An Introduction to Digital MethodsJonathan Gray
 
The evolution of research on social media
The evolution of research on social mediaThe evolution of research on social media
The evolution of research on social mediaFarida Vis
 
Understanding Public Sentiment: Conducting a Related-Tags Content Network Ext...
Understanding Public Sentiment: Conducting a Related-Tags Content Network Ext...Understanding Public Sentiment: Conducting a Related-Tags Content Network Ext...
Understanding Public Sentiment: Conducting a Related-Tags Content Network Ext...Shalin Hai-Jew
 
Research with Social Media Data: Stewardship & Ethical Considerations
Research with Social Media Data: Stewardship & Ethical ConsiderationsResearch with Social Media Data: Stewardship & Ethical Considerations
Research with Social Media Data: Stewardship & Ethical ConsiderationsToronto Metropolitan University
 

Mais procurados (18)

Meyer Big Data SDP13
Meyer Big Data SDP13Meyer Big Data SDP13
Meyer Big Data SDP13
 
Studying Cybercrime: Raising Awareness of Objectivity & Bias
Studying Cybercrime: Raising Awareness of Objectivity & BiasStudying Cybercrime: Raising Awareness of Objectivity & Bias
Studying Cybercrime: Raising Awareness of Objectivity & Bias
 
Data Journalism and the Remaking of Data Infrastructures
Data Journalism and the Remaking of Data InfrastructuresData Journalism and the Remaking of Data Infrastructures
Data Journalism and the Remaking of Data Infrastructures
 
GitHub as Transparency Device in Data Journalism, Open Data and Data Activism
GitHub as Transparency Device in  Data Journalism, Open Data and Data ActivismGitHub as Transparency Device in  Data Journalism, Open Data and Data Activism
GitHub as Transparency Device in Data Journalism, Open Data and Data Activism
 
Twitter analytics: some thoughts on sampling, tools, data, ethics and user re...
Twitter analytics: some thoughts on sampling, tools, data, ethics and user re...Twitter analytics: some thoughts on sampling, tools, data, ethics and user re...
Twitter analytics: some thoughts on sampling, tools, data, ethics and user re...
 
2013 Oxford Digital Humanities Summer School Workshop
2013 Oxford Digital Humanities Summer School Workshop2013 Oxford Digital Humanities Summer School Workshop
2013 Oxford Digital Humanities Summer School Workshop
 
Twitter Data Analytics
Twitter Data AnalyticsTwitter Data Analytics
Twitter Data Analytics
 
"Who is this redchanit?" Applying digital methods for issue mapping to one we...
"Who is this redchanit?" Applying digital methods for issue mapping to one we..."Who is this redchanit?" Applying digital methods for issue mapping to one we...
"Who is this redchanit?" Applying digital methods for issue mapping to one we...
 
Doing Social and Political Research in a Digital Age: An Introduction to Digi...
Doing Social and Political Research in a Digital Age: An Introduction to Digi...Doing Social and Political Research in a Digital Age: An Introduction to Digi...
Doing Social and Political Research in a Digital Age: An Introduction to Digi...
 
Meyer dig ethno_2013sdp
Meyer dig ethno_2013sdpMeyer dig ethno_2013sdp
Meyer dig ethno_2013sdp
 
Doing Digital Methods: Some Recent Highlights from Winter and Summer Schools
Doing Digital Methods: Some Recent Highlights from Winter and Summer SchoolsDoing Digital Methods: Some Recent Highlights from Winter and Summer Schools
Doing Digital Methods: Some Recent Highlights from Winter and Summer Schools
 
Redistributing journalism: Journalism as a data public and the politics of qu...
Redistributing journalism: Journalism as a data public and the politics of qu...Redistributing journalism: Journalism as a data public and the politics of qu...
Redistributing journalism: Journalism as a data public and the politics of qu...
 
Critically Assembling Data, Processes & Things: Toward and Open Smart City
Critically Assembling Data, Processes & Things: Toward and Open Smart CityCritically Assembling Data, Processes & Things: Toward and Open Smart City
Critically Assembling Data, Processes & Things: Toward and Open Smart City
 
Mapping Issues with the Web: An Introduction to Digital Methods
Mapping Issues with the Web: An Introduction to Digital MethodsMapping Issues with the Web: An Introduction to Digital Methods
Mapping Issues with the Web: An Introduction to Digital Methods
 
The evolution of research on social media
The evolution of research on social mediaThe evolution of research on social media
The evolution of research on social media
 
Studying Social Science Using E Tools
Studying Social Science Using E ToolsStudying Social Science Using E Tools
Studying Social Science Using E Tools
 
Understanding Public Sentiment: Conducting a Related-Tags Content Network Ext...
Understanding Public Sentiment: Conducting a Related-Tags Content Network Ext...Understanding Public Sentiment: Conducting a Related-Tags Content Network Ext...
Understanding Public Sentiment: Conducting a Related-Tags Content Network Ext...
 
Research with Social Media Data: Stewardship & Ethical Considerations
Research with Social Media Data: Stewardship & Ethical ConsiderationsResearch with Social Media Data: Stewardship & Ethical Considerations
Research with Social Media Data: Stewardship & Ethical Considerations
 

Destaque

Digital Methods Summer School 2014 Tool Medley
Digital Methods Summer School 2014 Tool MedleyDigital Methods Summer School 2014 Tool Medley
Digital Methods Summer School 2014 Tool MedleyDigital Methods Initiative
 
Repurposing Wikipedia: Wikipedia as data set and analytical device
Repurposing Wikipedia: Wikipedia as data set and analytical deviceRepurposing Wikipedia: Wikipedia as data set and analytical device
Repurposing Wikipedia: Wikipedia as data set and analytical deviceDigital Methods Initiative
 
Crawling and Scraping tutorial at the Digital Methods Summer School 2013
Crawling and Scraping tutorial at the Digital Methods Summer School 2013Crawling and Scraping tutorial at the Digital Methods Summer School 2013
Crawling and Scraping tutorial at the Digital Methods Summer School 2013Digital Methods Initiative
 
Traces of the Trackers. Tracking the Trackers: A historical analysis using th...
Traces of the Trackers. Tracking the Trackers: A historical analysis using th...Traces of the Trackers. Tracking the Trackers: A historical analysis using th...
Traces of the Trackers. Tracking the Trackers: A historical analysis using th...Digital Methods Initiative
 
National Tracking Ecologies - Digital Methods Summer School 2013
National Tracking Ecologies - Digital Methods Summer School 2013National Tracking Ecologies - Digital Methods Summer School 2013
National Tracking Ecologies - Digital Methods Summer School 2013Digital Methods Initiative
 
Post-social methods? Issues in live research, by Noortje Marres and Esther We...
Post-social methods? Issues in live research, by Noortje Marres and Esther We...Post-social methods? Issues in live research, by Noortje Marres and Esther We...
Post-social methods? Issues in live research, by Noortje Marres and Esther We...Digital Methods Initiative
 
Tracking the Trackers tutorial at the Digital Methods Summer School 2013
Tracking the Trackers tutorial at the Digital Methods Summer School 2013Tracking the Trackers tutorial at the Digital Methods Summer School 2013
Tracking the Trackers tutorial at the Digital Methods Summer School 2013Digital Methods Initiative
 
Rogers digitalmethodsaftersocialmedia nov2013_optimized_
Rogers digitalmethodsaftersocialmedia nov2013_optimized_Rogers digitalmethodsaftersocialmedia nov2013_optimized_
Rogers digitalmethodsaftersocialmedia nov2013_optimized_Digital Methods Initiative
 
Digital Methods Summer School 2015 Tool Medley
Digital Methods Summer School 2015 Tool MedleyDigital Methods Summer School 2015 Tool Medley
Digital Methods Summer School 2015 Tool MedleyDigital Methods Initiative
 
Interactive visualization and exploration of network data with Gephi
Interactive visualization and exploration of network data with GephiInteractive visualization and exploration of network data with Gephi
Interactive visualization and exploration of network data with GephiDigital Methods Initiative
 
Richard Rogers, Otherwise Engaged: Critical Analytics and the New Meanings of...
Richard Rogers, Otherwise Engaged: Critical Analytics and the New Meanings of...Richard Rogers, Otherwise Engaged: Critical Analytics and the New Meanings of...
Richard Rogers, Otherwise Engaged: Critical Analytics and the New Meanings of...Digital Methods Initiative
 
Studying Facebook via Data Extraction: a Netvizz tutorial at the Digital Meth...
Studying Facebook via Data Extraction: a Netvizz tutorial at the Digital Meth...Studying Facebook via Data Extraction: a Netvizz tutorial at the Digital Meth...
Studying Facebook via Data Extraction: a Netvizz tutorial at the Digital Meth...Digital Methods Initiative
 

Destaque (15)

Hashtag lifelines
Hashtag lifelinesHashtag lifelines
Hashtag lifelines
 
Digital Methods Summer School 2014 Tool Medley
Digital Methods Summer School 2014 Tool MedleyDigital Methods Summer School 2014 Tool Medley
Digital Methods Summer School 2014 Tool Medley
 
Repurposing Wikipedia: Wikipedia as data set and analytical device
Repurposing Wikipedia: Wikipedia as data set and analytical deviceRepurposing Wikipedia: Wikipedia as data set and analytical device
Repurposing Wikipedia: Wikipedia as data set and analytical device
 
Crawling and Scraping tutorial at the Digital Methods Summer School 2013
Crawling and Scraping tutorial at the Digital Methods Summer School 2013Crawling and Scraping tutorial at the Digital Methods Summer School 2013
Crawling and Scraping tutorial at the Digital Methods Summer School 2013
 
Traces of the Trackers. Tracking the Trackers: A historical analysis using th...
Traces of the Trackers. Tracking the Trackers: A historical analysis using th...Traces of the Trackers. Tracking the Trackers: A historical analysis using th...
Traces of the Trackers. Tracking the Trackers: A historical analysis using th...
 
National Tracking Ecologies - Digital Methods Summer School 2013
National Tracking Ecologies - Digital Methods Summer School 2013National Tracking Ecologies - Digital Methods Summer School 2013
National Tracking Ecologies - Digital Methods Summer School 2013
 
Post-social methods? Issues in live research, by Noortje Marres and Esther We...
Post-social methods? Issues in live research, by Noortje Marres and Esther We...Post-social methods? Issues in live research, by Noortje Marres and Esther We...
Post-social methods? Issues in live research, by Noortje Marres and Esther We...
 
Web Flags Summer School 2012
Web Flags Summer School 2012Web Flags Summer School 2012
Web Flags Summer School 2012
 
Tracking the Trackers tutorial at the Digital Methods Summer School 2013
Tracking the Trackers tutorial at the Digital Methods Summer School 2013Tracking the Trackers tutorial at the Digital Methods Summer School 2013
Tracking the Trackers tutorial at the Digital Methods Summer School 2013
 
Rogers digitalmethodsaftersocialmedia nov2013_optimized_
Rogers digitalmethodsaftersocialmedia nov2013_optimized_Rogers digitalmethodsaftersocialmedia nov2013_optimized_
Rogers digitalmethodsaftersocialmedia nov2013_optimized_
 
Digital Methods Summer School 2015 Tool Medley
Digital Methods Summer School 2015 Tool MedleyDigital Methods Summer School 2015 Tool Medley
Digital Methods Summer School 2015 Tool Medley
 
Interactive visualization and exploration of network data with Gephi
Interactive visualization and exploration of network data with GephiInteractive visualization and exploration of network data with Gephi
Interactive visualization and exploration of network data with Gephi
 
Richard Rogers, Otherwise Engaged: Critical Analytics and the New Meanings of...
Richard Rogers, Otherwise Engaged: Critical Analytics and the New Meanings of...Richard Rogers, Otherwise Engaged: Critical Analytics and the New Meanings of...
Richard Rogers, Otherwise Engaged: Critical Analytics and the New Meanings of...
 
Digital Methods Tool Medley
Digital Methods Tool MedleyDigital Methods Tool Medley
Digital Methods Tool Medley
 
Studying Facebook via Data Extraction: a Netvizz tutorial at the Digital Meth...
Studying Facebook via Data Extraction: a Netvizz tutorial at the Digital Meth...Studying Facebook via Data Extraction: a Netvizz tutorial at the Digital Meth...
Studying Facebook via Data Extraction: a Netvizz tutorial at the Digital Meth...
 

Semelhante a Rogers studyingpoliticalissues mar2014_optimized_ii_

COSMOS
COSMOSCOSMOS
COSMOSNSMNSS
 
Digital Humanities and “Digital” Social Sciences
Digital Humanities and “Digital” Social SciencesDigital Humanities and “Digital” Social Sciences
Digital Humanities and “Digital” Social SciencesChantal van Son
 
Researching Social Media – Big Data and Social Media Analysis
Researching Social Media – Big Data and Social Media AnalysisResearching Social Media – Big Data and Social Media Analysis
Researching Social Media – Big Data and Social Media AnalysisFarida Vis
 
Improving the Coverage of Complex Issues with Data Journalism and Digital Met...
Improving the Coverage of Complex Issues with Data Journalism and Digital Met...Improving the Coverage of Complex Issues with Data Journalism and Digital Met...
Improving the Coverage of Complex Issues with Data Journalism and Digital Met...Liliana Bounegru
 
From Telling Stories with Data to Telling Stories with Data Infrastructures: ...
From Telling Stories with Data to Telling Stories with Data Infrastructures: ...From Telling Stories with Data to Telling Stories with Data Infrastructures: ...
From Telling Stories with Data to Telling Stories with Data Infrastructures: ...Liliana Bounegru
 
Hypermedia-driven Socio-technical Networks for Goal-driven Discovery in the W...
Hypermedia-driven Socio-technical Networks for Goal-driven Discovery in the W...Hypermedia-driven Socio-technical Networks for Goal-driven Discovery in the W...
Hypermedia-driven Socio-technical Networks for Goal-driven Discovery in the W...Andrei Ciortea
 
WSI Stimulus Project: Centre for longitudinal studies of online citizen parti...
WSI Stimulus Project: Centre for longitudinal studies of online citizen parti...WSI Stimulus Project: Centre for longitudinal studies of online citizen parti...
WSI Stimulus Project: Centre for longitudinal studies of online citizen parti...Ramine Tinati
 
Eavesdropping on the Twitter Microblogging Site
Eavesdropping on the Twitter Microblogging SiteEavesdropping on the Twitter Microblogging Site
Eavesdropping on the Twitter Microblogging SiteShalin Hai-Jew
 
Social Data and Multimedia Analytics for News and Events Applications
Social Data and Multimedia Analytics for News and Events ApplicationsSocial Data and Multimedia Analytics for News and Events Applications
Social Data and Multimedia Analytics for News and Events ApplicationsYiannis Kompatsiaris
 
Social Web 2014: Final Presentations (Part II)
Social Web 2014: Final Presentations (Part II)Social Web 2014: Final Presentations (Part II)
Social Web 2014: Final Presentations (Part II)Lora Aroyo
 
Citizen Sensor Data Mining, Social Media Analytics and Applications
Citizen Sensor Data Mining, Social Media Analytics and ApplicationsCitizen Sensor Data Mining, Social Media Analytics and Applications
Citizen Sensor Data Mining, Social Media Analytics and ApplicationsAmit Sheth
 
Big Data meets Big Social: Social Machines and the Semantic Web
Big Data meets Big Social: Social Machines and the Semantic WebBig Data meets Big Social: Social Machines and the Semantic Web
Big Data meets Big Social: Social Machines and the Semantic WebDavid De Roure
 
The Ethics of Researching Tinder
The Ethics of Researching TinderThe Ethics of Researching Tinder
The Ethics of Researching TinderJenna Condie
 
Alice Andreuzzi, Catchy Srl - "Catchy: Social Data Intelligence"
Alice Andreuzzi, Catchy Srl - "Catchy: Social Data Intelligence"Alice Andreuzzi, Catchy Srl - "Catchy: Social Data Intelligence"
Alice Andreuzzi, Catchy Srl - "Catchy: Social Data Intelligence"Data Driven Innovation
 
Digital Trails Dave King 1 5 10 Part 1 D3
Digital Trails   Dave King   1 5 10   Part 1 D3Digital Trails   Dave King   1 5 10   Part 1 D3
Digital Trails Dave King 1 5 10 Part 1 D3Dave King
 
David Nicholas, Ciber: Audience Analysis and Modelling, the case of CIBER and...
David Nicholas, Ciber: Audience Analysis and Modelling, the case of CIBER and...David Nicholas, Ciber: Audience Analysis and Modelling, the case of CIBER and...
David Nicholas, Ciber: Audience Analysis and Modelling, the case of CIBER and...michellep
 

Semelhante a Rogers studyingpoliticalissues mar2014_optimized_ii_ (20)

COSMOS
COSMOSCOSMOS
COSMOS
 
Rogers digitalmethods 4nov2010
Rogers digitalmethods 4nov2010Rogers digitalmethods 4nov2010
Rogers digitalmethods 4nov2010
 
Digital Humanities and “Digital” Social Sciences
Digital Humanities and “Digital” Social SciencesDigital Humanities and “Digital” Social Sciences
Digital Humanities and “Digital” Social Sciences
 
Researching Social Media – Big Data and Social Media Analysis
Researching Social Media – Big Data and Social Media AnalysisResearching Social Media – Big Data and Social Media Analysis
Researching Social Media – Big Data and Social Media Analysis
 
Improving the Coverage of Complex Issues with Data Journalism and Digital Met...
Improving the Coverage of Complex Issues with Data Journalism and Digital Met...Improving the Coverage of Complex Issues with Data Journalism and Digital Met...
Improving the Coverage of Complex Issues with Data Journalism and Digital Met...
 
From Telling Stories with Data to Telling Stories with Data Infrastructures: ...
From Telling Stories with Data to Telling Stories with Data Infrastructures: ...From Telling Stories with Data to Telling Stories with Data Infrastructures: ...
From Telling Stories with Data to Telling Stories with Data Infrastructures: ...
 
Hypermedia-driven Socio-technical Networks for Goal-driven Discovery in the W...
Hypermedia-driven Socio-technical Networks for Goal-driven Discovery in the W...Hypermedia-driven Socio-technical Networks for Goal-driven Discovery in the W...
Hypermedia-driven Socio-technical Networks for Goal-driven Discovery in the W...
 
WSI Stimulus Project: Centre for longitudinal studies of online citizen parti...
WSI Stimulus Project: Centre for longitudinal studies of online citizen parti...WSI Stimulus Project: Centre for longitudinal studies of online citizen parti...
WSI Stimulus Project: Centre for longitudinal studies of online citizen parti...
 
Eavesdropping on the Twitter Microblogging Site
Eavesdropping on the Twitter Microblogging SiteEavesdropping on the Twitter Microblogging Site
Eavesdropping on the Twitter Microblogging Site
 
Social Data and Multimedia Analytics for News and Events Applications
Social Data and Multimedia Analytics for News and Events ApplicationsSocial Data and Multimedia Analytics for News and Events Applications
Social Data and Multimedia Analytics for News and Events Applications
 
Social Web 2014: Final Presentations (Part II)
Social Web 2014: Final Presentations (Part II)Social Web 2014: Final Presentations (Part II)
Social Web 2014: Final Presentations (Part II)
 
Citizen Sensor Data Mining, Social Media Analytics and Applications
Citizen Sensor Data Mining, Social Media Analytics and ApplicationsCitizen Sensor Data Mining, Social Media Analytics and Applications
Citizen Sensor Data Mining, Social Media Analytics and Applications
 
Big Data meets Big Social: Social Machines and the Semantic Web
Big Data meets Big Social: Social Machines and the Semantic WebBig Data meets Big Social: Social Machines and the Semantic Web
Big Data meets Big Social: Social Machines and the Semantic Web
 
The Ethics of Researching Tinder
The Ethics of Researching TinderThe Ethics of Researching Tinder
The Ethics of Researching Tinder
 
Alice Andreuzzi, Catchy Srl - "Catchy: Social Data Intelligence"
Alice Andreuzzi, Catchy Srl - "Catchy: Social Data Intelligence"Alice Andreuzzi, Catchy Srl - "Catchy: Social Data Intelligence"
Alice Andreuzzi, Catchy Srl - "Catchy: Social Data Intelligence"
 
Lev Manovich
Lev ManovichLev Manovich
Lev Manovich
 
Digital Trails Dave King 1 5 10 Part 1 D3
Digital Trails   Dave King   1 5 10   Part 1 D3Digital Trails   Dave King   1 5 10   Part 1 D3
Digital Trails Dave King 1 5 10 Part 1 D3
 
David Nicholas, Ciber: Audience Analysis and Modelling, the case of CIBER and...
David Nicholas, Ciber: Audience Analysis and Modelling, the case of CIBER and...David Nicholas, Ciber: Audience Analysis and Modelling, the case of CIBER and...
David Nicholas, Ciber: Audience Analysis and Modelling, the case of CIBER and...
 
Overview Of Wcu Research (16 Dec2009)Sj
Overview Of Wcu Research (16 Dec2009)SjOverview Of Wcu Research (16 Dec2009)Sj
Overview Of Wcu Research (16 Dec2009)Sj
 
RTP1 18-19: Digital Methods 1
RTP1 18-19: Digital Methods 1RTP1 18-19: Digital Methods 1
RTP1 18-19: Digital Methods 1
 

Mais de Digital Methods Initiative

Digital Methods Summer School 2013 Tool Medley
Digital Methods Summer School 2013 Tool MedleyDigital Methods Summer School 2013 Tool Medley
Digital Methods Summer School 2013 Tool MedleyDigital Methods Initiative
 
Digital Methods Tool Medley. Digital Methods Summer School 2012
Digital Methods Tool Medley. Digital Methods Summer School 2012Digital Methods Tool Medley. Digital Methods Summer School 2012
Digital Methods Tool Medley. Digital Methods Summer School 2012Digital Methods Initiative
 
Digital Methods Winterschool 2012: API - Interfaces to the Cloud
Digital Methods Winterschool 2012: API - Interfaces to the CloudDigital Methods Winterschool 2012: API - Interfaces to the Cloud
Digital Methods Winterschool 2012: API - Interfaces to the CloudDigital Methods Initiative
 
DMI Workshop: Data visualization. Analytical clouding.
DMI Workshop: Data visualization. Analytical clouding.DMI Workshop: Data visualization. Analytical clouding.
DMI Workshop: Data visualization. Analytical clouding.Digital Methods Initiative
 
DMI Workshop: Wikileaks and the Myth of (Data-Driven) Citizen Journalism (wik...
DMI Workshop: Wikileaks and the Myth of (Data-Driven) Citizen Journalism (wik...DMI Workshop: Wikileaks and the Myth of (Data-Driven) Citizen Journalism (wik...
DMI Workshop: Wikileaks and the Myth of (Data-Driven) Citizen Journalism (wik...Digital Methods Initiative
 

Mais de Digital Methods Initiative (10)

Digital Methods Summer School 2013 Tool Medley
Digital Methods Summer School 2013 Tool MedleyDigital Methods Summer School 2013 Tool Medley
Digital Methods Summer School 2013 Tool Medley
 
Dmi12 workshops - crawling and scraping
Dmi12   workshops - crawling and scrapingDmi12   workshops - crawling and scraping
Dmi12 workshops - crawling and scraping
 
Digital Methods Tool Medley. Digital Methods Summer School 2012
Digital Methods Tool Medley. Digital Methods Summer School 2012Digital Methods Tool Medley. Digital Methods Summer School 2012
Digital Methods Tool Medley. Digital Methods Summer School 2012
 
Digital Methods Winterschool 2012: API - Interfaces to the Cloud
Digital Methods Winterschool 2012: API - Interfaces to the CloudDigital Methods Winterschool 2012: API - Interfaces to the Cloud
Digital Methods Winterschool 2012: API - Interfaces to the Cloud
 
DMI Workshop: When Search Becomes Research
DMI Workshop: When Search Becomes ResearchDMI Workshop: When Search Becomes Research
DMI Workshop: When Search Becomes Research
 
DMI Workshop: Crawling and Scraping
DMI Workshop: Crawling and Scraping DMI Workshop: Crawling and Scraping
DMI Workshop: Crawling and Scraping
 
DMI Workshop: Data visualization. Analytical clouding.
DMI Workshop: Data visualization. Analytical clouding.DMI Workshop: Data visualization. Analytical clouding.
DMI Workshop: Data visualization. Analytical clouding.
 
DMI Workshop: Wikileaks and the Myth of (Data-Driven) Citizen Journalism (wik...
DMI Workshop: Wikileaks and the Myth of (Data-Driven) Citizen Journalism (wik...DMI Workshop: Wikileaks and the Myth of (Data-Driven) Citizen Journalism (wik...
DMI Workshop: Wikileaks and the Myth of (Data-Driven) Citizen Journalism (wik...
 
DMI Workshop. Data visualization: Clouding
DMI Workshop. Data visualization: CloudingDMI Workshop. Data visualization: Clouding
DMI Workshop. Data visualization: Clouding
 
IIPC Dutch Blogosphere
IIPC Dutch BlogosphereIIPC Dutch Blogosphere
IIPC Dutch Blogosphere
 

Último

BLOGGING. PPT. PTASK. 10-ST.LEOTHEGREAT.
BLOGGING. PPT. PTASK. 10-ST.LEOTHEGREAT.BLOGGING. PPT. PTASK. 10-ST.LEOTHEGREAT.
BLOGGING. PPT. PTASK. 10-ST.LEOTHEGREAT.lindseyjanelladuran
 
THE DIGITAL MINE:Striking Gold in The Digital Mine: Attracting Leads and Maki...
THE DIGITAL MINE:Striking Gold in The Digital Mine: Attracting Leads and Maki...THE DIGITAL MINE:Striking Gold in The Digital Mine: Attracting Leads and Maki...
THE DIGITAL MINE:Striking Gold in The Digital Mine: Attracting Leads and Maki...Riches General marchandise
 
Fintech app development company with financial management
Fintech app development company with financial managementFintech app development company with financial management
Fintech app development company with financial managementHazel Johnson
 
"Beyond Limits: Powering Your YouTube Ascent with Socio Cosmos"
"Beyond Limits: Powering Your YouTube Ascent with Socio Cosmos""Beyond Limits: Powering Your YouTube Ascent with Socio Cosmos"
"Beyond Limits: Powering Your YouTube Ascent with Socio Cosmos"SocioCosmos
 
Những điều cơ bản về AI - Hướng dẫn hiểu và ứng dụng AI cho nhà tiếp thị
Những điều cơ bản về AI - Hướng dẫn hiểu và ứng dụng AI cho nhà tiếp thịNhững điều cơ bản về AI - Hướng dẫn hiểu và ứng dụng AI cho nhà tiếp thị
Những điều cơ bản về AI - Hướng dẫn hiểu và ứng dụng AI cho nhà tiếp thịUreka Media Vietnam CO., LTD
 
Revolutionize Your Pinterest: Socio Cosmos Exclusive Deal
Revolutionize Your Pinterest: Socio Cosmos Exclusive DealRevolutionize Your Pinterest: Socio Cosmos Exclusive Deal
Revolutionize Your Pinterest: Socio Cosmos Exclusive DealSocioCosmos
 

Último (6)

BLOGGING. PPT. PTASK. 10-ST.LEOTHEGREAT.
BLOGGING. PPT. PTASK. 10-ST.LEOTHEGREAT.BLOGGING. PPT. PTASK. 10-ST.LEOTHEGREAT.
BLOGGING. PPT. PTASK. 10-ST.LEOTHEGREAT.
 
THE DIGITAL MINE:Striking Gold in The Digital Mine: Attracting Leads and Maki...
THE DIGITAL MINE:Striking Gold in The Digital Mine: Attracting Leads and Maki...THE DIGITAL MINE:Striking Gold in The Digital Mine: Attracting Leads and Maki...
THE DIGITAL MINE:Striking Gold in The Digital Mine: Attracting Leads and Maki...
 
Fintech app development company with financial management
Fintech app development company with financial managementFintech app development company with financial management
Fintech app development company with financial management
 
"Beyond Limits: Powering Your YouTube Ascent with Socio Cosmos"
"Beyond Limits: Powering Your YouTube Ascent with Socio Cosmos""Beyond Limits: Powering Your YouTube Ascent with Socio Cosmos"
"Beyond Limits: Powering Your YouTube Ascent with Socio Cosmos"
 
Những điều cơ bản về AI - Hướng dẫn hiểu và ứng dụng AI cho nhà tiếp thị
Những điều cơ bản về AI - Hướng dẫn hiểu và ứng dụng AI cho nhà tiếp thịNhững điều cơ bản về AI - Hướng dẫn hiểu và ứng dụng AI cho nhà tiếp thị
Những điều cơ bản về AI - Hướng dẫn hiểu và ứng dụng AI cho nhà tiếp thị
 
Revolutionize Your Pinterest: Socio Cosmos Exclusive Deal
Revolutionize Your Pinterest: Socio Cosmos Exclusive DealRevolutionize Your Pinterest: Socio Cosmos Exclusive Deal
Revolutionize Your Pinterest: Socio Cosmos Exclusive Deal
 

Rogers studyingpoliticalissues mar2014_optimized_ii_

  • 1. STUDYING POLITICAL ISSUES IN THE DIGITAL AGE RICHARD ROGERS
  • 2. POLITICAL RESEARCH ONLINE WITH DIGITAL METHODS 1. Conceptual History of Online Research, 1994-2014 2. Digitized versus (Natively) Digital Methods 3. Doing Political Research with Digital Methods (neo-empirical research traditions) 4. The Future of Political Research with Digital Methods in Social Media (e.g., Twitter)
  • 3. POLITICAL RESEARCH ONLINE WITH DIGITAL METHODS >1. Conceptual History of Online Research, 1994-2014 2. Digitized versus (Natively) Digital Methods 3. Doing Political Research with Digital Methods (neo-empirical research traditions) 4. The Future of Political Research with Digital Methods in Social Media (e.g., Twitter)
  • 4. WHERE ARE WE NOW? FROM VIRTUAL TO SOCIETAL SPACE 3 VIRTUALS, OR 3 WAYS OF SEEING THE WEB Web as Cyberspace (1994-2000) Virtual as distinct from the real. Virtual studies Web as Virtual Society? (2000-2007) Virtual is part of the real. Offline as baseline Web as Virtual? Society (2007- ) 'Virtual' as indication of the real. Online as baseline Now: Use online data about society & culture, and make 'online grounded' claims
  • 6. WEB AS DATA The Internet offers an entirely different channel for understanding what people are saying... Tracing the spread of arguments, rumors, or positions about political and other issues in the blogosphere… [T]he concerns of an electorate become visible in the searches they conduct. They offer ample opportunities for research that would otherwise be impossible or unacceptable. D. Lazer et al., Computational Social Science, Science, 323, 2009. Web data as offering the previously impossible and unacceptable
  • 7. POLITICAL RESEARCH ONLINE WITH DIGITAL METHODS 1. Conceptual History of Online Research, 1994-2014 >2. Digitized versus (Natively) Digital Methods 3. Doing Political Research with Digital Methods (neo-empirical research traditions) 4. The Future of Political Research with Digital Methods in Social Media (e.g., Twitter)
  • 8. DIGITIZED METHODS Online surveys - Finding the mailing lists to send them to Online samples - Become difficult. Knowability of population? Online interviews - Record interviewees? Online user studies - Browser histories? Online investigative reporting - Order of fact-checking changes? Imported and migrated methods adapted slightly to the online
  • 9. NATIVELY DIGITAL In computing, software has a native mode when it is written for a specific processor. In computing, software has native support when it is written for a specific operating system. Methods are native when "written for the medium" Natively digital is meant in a computing sense
  • 10. DIGITAL METHODS Digital Methods research steps: Which objects and data are available? (links, tags, timestamps...) How do dominant devices and platforms handle them? How to learn from and repurpose the device methods? Are findings grounded in the online? Is the online the baseline? Distinction between methods that migrate to the medium and those ‘native’ to it
  • 11. POLITICAL RESEARCH ONLINE WITH DIGITAL METHODS 1. Conceptual History of Online Research, 1994-2014 2. Digitized versus (Natively) Digital Methods >3. Doing Political Research with Digital Methods (neo-empirical research traditions) 4. The Future of Political Research with Digital Methods in Social Media (e.g., Twitter)
  • 12. DIGITAL METHODS OBJECTS & APPROACHES Hyperlinks - Show related sites, good to make a sample (for censorship research) 2 Search Engines - As research machines to detect partisanship and bias 3. Wikipedia - As cultural reference to study the politics of memory (reconciliation) 4. Social Media Platforms - As site to study political preference 5. Twitter - As machine providing accounts of events on the ground
  • 13. A Censored Network: Iranian Social, Political and Religious Sites A hyperlink analysis method for censored Website discovery. © 2006 Govcom.org and ONI 06 Internet Censorship Visualizations________________________2006 Data_by OpenNet Initiative and map by Issuecrawler.net. Analysis_by Richard Rogers, Nart Villeneuve and Erik Borra, and design_by Marieke van Dijk. A Censored Network: Iranian Social, Political and Religious Sites IRAN Legend Blocked sites Newly discovered blocked sites Accessible sites Inaccessible site (owing to DNS issue) A co-production between the Govcom.org Foundation, Amsterdam, and the OpenNet Initiative, a partnership between the Citizen Lab at the Munk Centre for International Studies, University of Toronto, the Berkman Center for Internet & Society at Harvard Law School, the Advanced Network Research Group at the Cambridge Security Programme at Cambridge University, and the Oxford Internet Institute, Oxford University. medusa2000.com Newly discovered blocked sites: http://home.bip.net/radiohambastegi/ http://ir.mondediplo.com/ http://www.alahwaz.com/ http://www.ashoob.com/ http://www.asre-nou.net/ http://www.bbc.co.uk/persian/ http://www.channelonetv.com/ http://www.didgah.com/ http://www.didgah.net/ http://www.fadaee.org/ http://www.fedayi.org/ http://www.fwhi.org/ http://www.geocities.com/~fedaian/ http://www.gozareshgar.com/ http://www.iran-jommelli.com/ http://www.iranazad.com/ http://www.irandokht.com/ http://www.komalah.org/ http://www.kvinnonet.org/ http://www.mani-poesie.de/ http://www.medusa2000.com/ http://www.mihan.net/ http://www.negah1.com/ http://www.peykeiran.com/ http://www.radio-international.org/ http://www.radiobarabari.net/ http://www.rdki.com/ http://www.roozonline.com/ http://www.shahrvand.com/ http://www.zagros.info/ alahwaz.com alefbe.com amnesty.org ashoob.comasre-nou.net avairan.com avayeashena.com avayezan.com azadi-iran.org baztab.com bbc.co.uk/persian channelonetv.com cpiran.org didgah.com didgah.net etehadchap.com etehadefedaian.org ettelaat.com fadaee.org fadai.org fadaian.org fedayi.org forughfarrokhzad.org fwhi.org geocities.com/~fedaian golshan.com golshirifoundation.org gooya.com gozareshgar.com hadisara.com hamshahri.net hayateno.org home.bip.net/radiohambastegi i-w-o.org ihrwg.org ilna.ir ir.mondediplo.com iran-chabar.de iran-e-sabz.org iran-emrooz.de iran-jommelli.com iran-newspaper.com iran.mojahedin.org iranazad.com irandokht.com iransocialforum.org irna.com isnagency.com jebhe.org jebhemelli.net jebhemelli.org jonge-khabar.com kanoon-zendanian.org kargar.org kasravi.info komala.org komalah.org kvinnonet.org mani-poesie.de marxists.org marzeporgohar.org mihan.net nashrieh-nameh.com negah1.com nehzateazadi.org news.gooya.com panahjoo.compayvand.com/news pdk-iran.org peiknet.com peykeiran.com radio-international.org radiobarabari.net radiofarda.com radiokomaleh.com radis.org rahekargar.net ranjbaran.org rdki.com rfi.fr/fichiers/Langues/rfi_persan_main.asp rooydad.com roozonline.com roshangari.com rowzane.com sarbedaran.org sh-shafa.com shahrvand.com shamlou.org shamlu.com sharareha.com sharghnewspaper.com siahkal.com siasate-kargari.com tehrantimes.com toufan.org tudehpartyiran.org un.org voanews.com womeniniran.com wpiran.org wsu-iran.org zagros.info zan.org Method & Findings: Using Issuecrawler.net, crawl URLs (on 30 March 2006) from the OpenNet Initiative's list of Iranian social, political and religious sites. Find network of sites through one iteration of co-link analysis (pictured). Fetch each site through a proxy in Iran (on 18 May 2006). Discover sites previously unknown to be blocked. Compare newly discovered blocked sites with entire list of Iranian Websites checked by the OpenNet Initiative. The finding is the discovery of 30 blocked sites in Iran. Size of node indicates inlink count from network.
  • 14. LINK ANALYSIS TO STUDY CENSORSHIP IN CHINA Build list of Falun Gong websites Crawl them and expand list (of related sites) with Issuecrawler Check URLs for blocking in the Censorship Explorer tool Color code Issuecrawler map to show extent of censorship How effective is the censorship of Falun Gong sites (and content)?
  • 19. CENSORSHIP MAPS: IRAN & CHINA The map are double-edged. They may be used by the censors, too. Conclusions
  • 20. DIGITAL METHODS OBJECTS & APPROACHES Hyperlinks - Show related sites, good to make a sample (for censorship research) >2 Search Engines - As research machines to detect partisanship and bias 3. Wikipedia - As cultural reference to study the politics of memory (reconciliation) 4. Social Media Platforms - As site to study political preference 5. Twitter - As machine providing accounts of events on the ground
  • 21. SEARCH ENGINE AS RESEARCH MACHINE Search as research. Transform 'consumer information appliance’ into 'research machine.’ (Use research browser) Query individual sites (Google site: query) to find bias, partisanship and commitments. (Use the Google Scraper aka Lippmannian Device available at tools.digitalmethods.net). How to repurpose Google for social research?
  • 66. 

.nl) Install and use a Research Browser
  • 67. 1. Derive list of climate change skeptics Method
  • 68. S. Fred Singer Robert Balling Sallie Baliunas Patrick Michaels Richard Lindzen Steven Milloy Timothy Ball Paul Driessen Willie Soon Sherwood B. Idso Frederick Seitz Skeptics
  • 70. 1. Derive list of climate change skeptics 2. Query Google for “Climate Change” and retain top 100 results 3. Harvest URLs from the results 4. Enter URLs into top box of GoogleScraper, and the skeptics’ names in the bottom box. REPURPOSING GOOGLE
  • 72. Climate Change Sceptics on the Web (Frederick Seitz) Research Question_To what extent are climate change 'skeptics' present in the climate change spaces on the Web? Findings_There is distance between the skeptics and the top of the search engine returns. Source_google.com Query_“Frederick Seitz” Method_Search for query “Frederick Seitz” in top 100. Organized in order. Tools_Google Scraper and Tag Cloud Generator Date_30 July 2007 Product_of the Digital Methods Initiative, dmi.mediastudies.nl. Analysis_by Bram Nijhof, Richard Rogers and Laura van der Vlies. Design_Anne Helmond. CC_BY:NC:SA campaigncc.org (1) climateark.org (4)marshall.org (8) realclimate.org (35) sourcewatch.org (21) abc.net.au (0) acfonline.org.au (0) bbc.co.uk (0) bom.gov.au (0) cbc.ca (0) ciel.org (0) climatechallenge.gov.uk (0) climatechange.ca.gov (0) climatechange.com.au (0) climatechangecentral.com (0) climatechangecollege.org (0) climatecrisis.net (0) climatescience.gov (0) dar.csiro.au (0) davidsuzuki.org (0) defra.gov.uk (0) dfat.gov.au (0) ec.gc.ca (0) ecn.ac.uk (0) ecokids.ca (0) ecy.wa.gov (0) eea.europa.eu (0) eldis.org (0) energy.gov (0) envirolink.org (0) epa.gov (0) exploratorium.edu (0) faqs.org (0) foe.co.uk (0) ft.com (0) g8.gov.uk (0) gcrio.org (0) greenpeace.org (0) grida.no (0) guardian.co.uk (0) iea.org (0) iisd.org (0) ipcc.ch (0) iucn.org (0) ltscotland.org.uk (0) metoffice.gov.uk (0) mfe.govt.nz (0) mofa.go.jp (0) nature.com (0) nature.org (0) ncdc.noaa.gov (0) open2.net (0) panda.org (0) pewclimate.org (0) royalsoc.ac.uk (0) scidev.net (0) scienceagogo.com (0) state.gov (0) theglobeandmail.com (0) ucar.edu (0) un.org (0) unep.org (0) who.int (0) whoi.edu (0) worldwildlife.org (0) CLIMATE CHANGE SCEPTICS
  • 73. Climate Change Sceptics on the Web (Sherwood Idso) Research Question_To what extent are climate change 'skeptics' present in the climate change spaces on the Web? Findings_There is distance between the skeptics and the top of the search engine returns. Source_google.com Query_“Sherwood Idso” Method_Search for query “Sherwood Idso” in top 100. Organized in order. Tools_Google Scraper and Tag Cloud Generator Date_30 July 2007 Product_of the Digital Methods Initiative, dmi.mediastudies.nl. Analysis_by Bram Nijhof, Richard Rogers and Laura van der Vlies. Design_Anne Helmond. CC_BY:NC:SA realclimate.org (42) sourcewatch.org (14) climatescience.gov (0) greenpeace.org (0) campaigncc.org (1) climateark.org (1) abc.net.au (0) acfonline.org.au (0) bbc.co.uk (0) bom.gov.au (0) cbc.ca (0) ciel.org (0) climatechallenge.gov.uk (0) climatechange.ca.gov (0) climatechange.com.au (0) climatechangecentral.com (0) climatechangecollege.org (0) climatecrisis.net (0) dar.csiro.au (0) davidsuzuki.org (0) defra.gov.uk (0) dfat.gov.au (0) ec.gc.ca (0) ecn.ac.uk (0) ecokids.ca (0) ecy.wa.gov (0) eea.europa.eu (0) eldis.org (0) energy.gov (0) envirolink.org (0) epa.gov (0) exploratorium.edu (0) faqs.org (0) foe.co.uk (0) ft.com (0) g8.gov.uk (0) gcrio.org (0) grida.no (0) guardian.co.uk (0) iea.org (0) iisd.org (0) ipcc.ch (0) iucn.org (0) ltscotland.org.uk (0) marshall.org (0) metoffice.gov.uk (0) mfe.govt.nz (0) mofa.go.jp (0) nature.com (0) nature.org (0) ncdc.noaa.gov (0) open2.net (0) panda.org (0) pewclimate.org (0) royalsoc.ac.uk (0) scidev.net (0) scienceagogo.com (0) state.gov (0) theglobeandmail.com (0) ucar.edu (0) un.org (0) unep.org (0) who.int (0) whoi.edu (0) worldwildlife.org (0) CLIMATE CHANGE SCEPTICS
  • 74. Climate Change Sceptics on the Web (Sallie Baliunas) Research Question_To what extent are climate change 'skeptics' present in the climate change spaces on the Web? Findings_There is distance between the skeptics and the top of the search engine returns. Source_google.com Query_“Sallie Baliunas” Method_Search for query “Sallie Baliunas” in top 100. Organized in order. Tools_Google Scraper and Tag Cloud Generator Date_30 July 2007 Product_of the Digital Methods Initiative, dmi.mediastudies.nl. Analysis_by Bram Nijhof, Richard Rogers and Laura van der Vlies. Design_Anne Helmond. CC_BY:NC:SA climateark.org (2)marshall.org (6) realclimate.org (55) abc.net.au (0) acfonline.org.au (0) bbc.co.uk (0) bom.gov.au (0) cbc.ca (0) ciel.org (0) climatechallenge.gov.uk (0) climatechange.ca.gov (0) climatechange.com.au (0) climatechangecentral.com (0) climatechangecollege.org (0) climatecrisis.net (0) dar.csiro.au (0) davidsuzuki.org (0) defra.gov.uk (0) dfat.gov.au (0) ec.gc.ca (0) ecn.ac.uk (0) ecokids.ca (0) ecy.wa.gov (0) eea.europa.eu (0) eldis.org (0) energy.gov (0) envirolink.org (0) epa.gov (0) exploratorium.edu (0) faqs.org (0) foe.co.uk (0) ft.com (0) g8.gov.uk (0) gcrio.org (0) grida.no (0) guardian.co.uk (0) iea.org (0) iisd.org (0) ipcc.ch (0) iucn.org (0) ltscotland.org.uk (0) metoffice.gov.uk (0) mfe.govt.nz (0) mofa.go.jp (0) nature.com (0) nature.org (0) ncdc.noaa.gov (0) open2.net (0) panda.org (0) pewclimate.org (0) royalsoc.ac.uk (0) scidev.net (0) scienceagogo.com (0) state.gov (0) theglobeandmail.com (0) ucar.edu (0) un.org (0) unep.org (0) who.int (0) whoi.edu (0) worldwildlife.org (0) greenpeace.org (0) campaigncc.org (0) sourcewatch.org (0) climatescience.gov (0) CLIMATE CHANGE SCEPTICS
  • 75. Climate Change Sceptics on the Web (Robert Balling) Research Question_To what extent are climate change 'skeptics' present in the climate change spaces on the Web? Findings_There is distance between the skeptics and the top of the search engine returns. Source_google.com Query_“Robert Balling” Method_Search for query “Robert Balling” in top 100. Organized in order. Tools_Google Scraper and Tag Cloud Generator Date_30 July 2007 Product_of the Digital Methods Initiative, dmi.mediastudies.nl. Analysis_by Bram Nijhof, Richard Rogers and Laura van der Vlies. Design_Anne Helmond. CC_BY:NC:SA campaigncc.org (2) climateark.org (2)marshall.org (2) realclimate.org (11) sourcewatch.org (4) greenpeace.org (0) climatescience.gov (11) abc.net.au (0) acfonline.org.au (0) bbc.co.uk (0) bom.gov.au (0) cbc.ca (0) ciel.org (0) climatechallenge.gov.uk (0) climatechange.ca.gov (0) climatechange.com.au (0) climatechangecentral.com (0) climatechangecollege.org (0) climatecrisis.net (0) dar.csiro.au (0) davidsuzuki.org (0) defra.gov.uk (0) dfat.gov.au (0) ec.gc.ca (0) ecn.ac.uk (0) ecokids.ca (0) ecy.wa.gov (0) eea.europa.eu (0) eldis.org (0) energy.gov (0) envirolink.org (0) epa.gov (0) exploratorium.edu (0) faqs.org (0) foe.co.uk (0) ft.com (0) g8.gov.uk (0) gcrio.org (0) grida.no (0) guardian.co.uk (0) iea.org (0) iisd.org (0) ipcc.ch (0) iucn.org (0) ltscotland.org.uk (0) metoffice.gov.uk (0) mfe.govt.nz (0) mofa.go.jp (0) nature.com (0) nature.org (0) ncdc.noaa.gov (0) open2.net (0) panda.org (0) pewclimate.org (0) royalsoc.ac.uk (0) scidev.net (0) scienceagogo.com (0) state.gov (0) theglobeandmail.com (0) ucar.edu (0) un.org (0) unep.org (0) who.int (0) whoi.edu (0) worldwildlife.org (0) CLIMATE CHANGE SCEPTICS
  • 76. ISSUE AND SOURCE CLOUDS The clouds show at a glance partisanship but also watchdog behaviour. Conclusions
  • 77. DIGITAL METHODS OBJECTS & APPROACHES Hyperlinks - Show related sites, good to make a sample (for censorship research) 2 Search Engines - As research machines to detect partisanship and bias >3. Wikipedia - As cultural reference to study the politics of memory (reconciliation) 4. Social Media Platforms - As site to study political preference 5. Twitter - As machine providing accounts of events on the ground
  • 78. WIKIPEDIA AS CULTURAL REFERENCE As articles mature, they may express a national as opposed to neutral point of view. Neutral to whom? Compare article elements: title, authors (or editors), table of contents, images and references. Also: location of the anonymous editors (based on IP address), and a reading of the talkpages. How to have language Wikipedia versions show cultural reference? How to show the politics of memory (and reconciliation)?
  • 81. Referenced hosts in the Srebrencia articles per Wikipedia language version, colored by frequency, and ordered by frequency and by alphabet, 20 December 2010 1 2 3 4 5 6 Serbian Bosnian Dutch Croatian Serbo-Croatian English un.org un.org un.org un.org un.org un.org srebrenica.ba srebrenica.ba icty.org srebrenica.ba srebrenica.ba srebrenica.ba icty.org ic-mp.org groene.nl icty.org srebrenica- zepa.ba icty.org bosnia.org.uk idc.org.ba vandiepen.com bosnia.org.uk srebrenica.nl bosnia.org.uk guardian.co.uk srebrenica-zepa.ba books.google.nl guardian.co.uk vladars.net guardian.co.uk ic-mp.org helsinki.org.yu dutchbat.luchtmobiel. nl icj-cij.org ic-mp.org icj-cij.org hlc.org.yu dutchbat1.com idc.org.ba icj-cij.org iwpr.net ogrish.com emperors- clothes.com iwpr.net idc.org.ba news.bbc.co.uk sense-agency.com nu.nl news.bbc.co.uk iwpr.net nytimes.com vladars.net ochtenden.nl nytimes.com news.bbc.co.uk ohr.int dzemat-oberhausen.de volkskrant.nl ohr.int nytimes.com srebrenica-zepa.ba inzl.unsa.ba vreme.com ohr.int vreme.com preventgenocide.org balkaninsight.com vreme.com 128.121.186.47 srebrenica- genocide.blogspot.com bim.ba 128.121.186.47 b92.net zeneucrnom.org domovina.net b92.net helsinki.org.yu edition.cnn.com balkaninsight.com hlc.org.yu europarl.europa.eu bim.ba news.independent.co.u k independent.co.uk domovina.net ogrish.com newsweek.com edition.cnn.com reuters.com pbs.org europarl.europa.eu slobodan-milosevic.org potocarimc.ba groene.nl
  • 82. Burial of 465 identified Bosniaks, Potočari, 2007. Map of the Srebrenica military operations, made by the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency, with green arrow showing the route of the Bosnian forces. Map of the location of Srebrenica, the Republika Srpska, Bosnia-Herzegovina. Srebrenica-Potočari Memorial and Cemetery, Bosnia-Herzegovina. Grave of a 13-year old Bosniak boy. Ratko Mladic. An exhumed body with blindfold and hands tied behind his back. As of September 2012, the photo has been removed from Wikipedia article. Exhumed grave of victims, 2007. Podrinje Identification Project's facility for storing, processing, and handling exhumed remains.. "UN left 8,000 to die in Bosnia." Headline in The Independent, 30 October 1995. Satellite photo of Nova Kasaba mass grave. International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia, Den Haag, the Netherlands. Srebrenica Genocide Memorial Stone at Potočari, with the victim count of 8,372. Skull exhumed outside of Potočari, July 2007. Wall of names at the Srebrenica Genocide Memorial. War-damaged buildings in Srebrenica. The Bosniak enclaves of Srebrenica and Zepa, declared safe areas by the U.N. in 1993. DUTCH ENGLISH BOSNIAN CROATIAN SERBIAN SERBO- CROATIAN
  • 84. COMPARATIVE REFERENCE AND IMAGE GRIDS The reference and image grids show 'alignment' and non-alignments of 'national' cultural accounts. They may be seen as indicators of current state of politics of memory and reconciliation. Conclusions
  • 85. DIGITAL METHODS OBJECTS & APPROACHES Hyperlinks - Show related sites, good to make a sample (for censorship research) 2 Search Engines - As research machines to detect partisanship and bias 3. Wikipedia - As cultural reference to study the politics of memory (reconciliation) >4. Social Media Platforms - As site to study political preference and engagement 5. Twitter - As machine providing accounts of events on the ground
  • 86. POLITICAL PREFERENCE Do friends of political party leaders have similar interests? Aggregate friends' interest and show compatibility. One may also show compatibility of interests (e.g., Islam and Christianity). Social media profile and interest data as source for studying political preference
  • 89. ENGAGEMENT IN CAUSES Which content has the most (and most consistent) likes, shares, comments and liked comments in Facebook pages and groups? What animates users to engage? Social media data as means to study content engagement
  • 90. F O R Z A N U O VA S I C I L I A ATA K A P L ATA F O R M A P E R C ATA L U N YA R I S P O S T E L A I Q U E L I G U E D E D E F E N C E F R A N C A I S E P E R U S S U O M A L A I S E T S I O E F R A N C E V O TA F O R Z A N U O VA A L L E C O M U N A L I D I M I L A N O N O R - W E G I A N D E F E N C E L E A G U E S W E D I S H D E F E N C E L E A G U E D E R D A N S K E V O R E N I N G PA X E U R O PA F R E M S K R I T T S PA R T I E T S V E N N E R E S PA Ñ A 2 0 0 0 B R I T I S H N AT I O N A L PA R T Y S I O E E N G L A N D SIAD DENMARK SIOE DEUTSCHLAND B L O C I D E N T I TA I R E
  • 93. PREFERENCE AND ENGAGE- MENT IN SOCIAL MEDIA Preference. Like sociometric or psychometric profiles, the aggregated interests of politicians' friends provide the politics of TV shows, music, movies and media more generally. Engagement. Likes, shares, comments and liked comments are seen as forms of engagement in content for causes. Conclusions
  • 94. DIGITAL METHODS OBJECTS & APPROACHES Hyperlinks - Show related sites, good to make a sample (for censorship research) 2 Search Engines - As research machines to detect partisanship and bias 3. Wikipedia - As cultural reference to study the politics of memory (reconciliation) 4. Social Media Platforms - As site to study political preference >5. Twitter - As machine providing accounts of events on the ground
  • 95. TWITTER STUDIES WITH DIGITAL METHODS First, decide whether you are studying Twitter I, Twitter II or Twitter III Twitter I: Banal, phatic, ambient friend-following Twitter II: News-following, elections and disasters Twitter III: Generic data on social phenomena, any topic Digital Methods contributions to the study of social media
  • 97. TWITTER I, TWITTER II, TWITTER III Twitter I (2006-2009): Urban lifestyle tool (origins) and 'Banal' Tagline: "what are you doing?" Twitter II (2009-2012): Elections, disasters and revolutions. Tagline: "what's happening?" Twitter III (2012- ): Research tool and data market Tagline: "compose new tweet" 'Twitter' as object of study and critique
  • 98. Berman, Ari (2009), “Iran's Twitter Revolution,” The Nation blog, The Nation, 15 June.
  • 100. method. Step 1: Capture all tweets with #iranelection between 10 and 30 June 2009, and archive them at rettiwt.net.
  • 102. the collection. #iranelection dataset (10-30 June 2009): Tweets tagged with #iranelection: 653,883 Unique number of Twitter users with #iranelection tag: 99,811 Twitter users of #iranelection with multiple tweets: 46,702 Twitter users of #iranelection with more than 20 tweets: 6,000 Twitter users of #iranelection with 1 tweet: 53,109 Twitter users of #iranelection who were retweeted: 36,913 Twitter users of #iranelection retweeted multiple times: 16,336 Twitter users of #iranelection retweeted at least 10 times: 2,829 Twitter users of #iranelection retweeted 1 time: 20,577 Number of languages using #iranelection: 26 Number of tweets with #iranelection in English: 612,373
  • 103. method. Step 2. Filter out top 3 RTs per day Turn Twitter into sory-telling machine
  • 104. What’s happening in Iran just after the disputed election (DMI, 2009)?
  • 105. Mousavi holds an emergency press conference. The voter turn-out is 80%. SMS is down; Mousavi’s website and Facebook are blocked. Police are using pepper spray. Mousavi is under house arrest; he is prepared for martyrdom. Neda is dead. There’s a riot in Baharestan Square. First aid info is here. Bon Jovi sings “Stand by Me” in support. Ahmadinejad is confirmed the winner. Light a candle for the ppl of Iran.
  • 106. DIGITAL METHODS FOR POLITICAL RESEARCH ONLINE Hyperlink analysis for censorship research 2 Search engine queries for partisanship research 3. Wikipedia comparisons for the study of the politics of memory (and reconciliation) 4. Social media platforms to study political preference and engagement in causes 5. Twitter to make an account (and timeline) of events on the ground
  • 107. POLITICAL STUDIES ONLINE THANK YOU See also: R. Rogers, _Digital Methods_, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2013 Digital Methods Initiative, http://www.digitalmethods.net Contact: rogers@uva.nl Come to the 2014 Digital Methods Summer School!