1. Dramatic elements

2. Challenge Flow
• Requiring skill
• Merging action and awareness
• Clear feedback and goals
• Concentration
• Control
• Can only experience control when there is the
chance to loose it
• Loss of self consciousness
• Experience is an end in itself

3. Play
• Types of play
• Agon, Alea, Mimicry, Ilinx
• Types of player
• Competitor, Explorer, Collector,Achiever, Joker,
Artist, Director, Storyteller, Performer, Puzzlers
• Levels of engagement, immersion,
immediacy

4. Premise
• What is the game about?
• Premises need to unify the formal and
dramatic elements

5. Character
• Characters vs Avatars
• Niko Bellic vs WoW
• Free will vs Player control
• The Sims vs Quake