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CeDEM, Krems, 3 May, 2012




Axel Maireder,
Julian Ausserhofer
& Axel Kittenberger


Mapping the Austrian
Political Twittersphere
How politicians, journalists
and political strategists
(inter-)act on Twitter
CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
2




CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
2




Changing nature
of pol. Communication




CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
2




Changing nature
of pol. Communication
‣ Increased spectrum of possible
  political activities




CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
2




Changing nature
of pol. Communication
‣ Increased spectrum of possible
  political activities
‣ „Fifth estate“                                                                                  Dutton, 2010




CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
2




Changing nature
of pol. Communication
‣ Increased spectrum of possible
  political activities
‣ „Fifth estate“                                                                                  Dutton, 2010


‣ denser, wider, more pluralistic
  Politics for those already engaged
  and inclusive                                                                                   Davis, 2010




CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
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CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
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Nature of Twitter communication




CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
3




Nature of Twitter communication
‣ public by default




CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
3




Nature of Twitter communication
‣ public by default
‣ low-treshold




CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
3




Nature of Twitter communication
‣ public by default
‣ low-treshold
‣ open for participation



CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
4




    Research Questions




CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
4




    Research Questions


    Structure of Interaction




CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
4




    Research Questions


    Structure of Interaction
    ‣ btw. journalists, politicians, experts
      and activists?




CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
4




    Research Questions


    Structure of Interaction
    ‣ btw. journalists, politicians, experts
      and activists?
    ‣ btw. political professionals and
      „casual“ users?



CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
5




    Research Questions


        Does Twitter contibute to
        a broadening of participation
        in public debate?




CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
5




    Research Questions


        Does Twitter contibute to
        a broadening of participation
        in public debate?
        and to what extend does it merely
        serve „as yet another arena
        for already established actors“?)
                                                                                                  Larsson & Moe, 2011




CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
Reseach Design




CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
7




    Research Design




CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
7




    Research Design


    Methodological Background




CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
7




    Research Design


    Methodological Background
    ‣ Researching the web with it‘s own means
                  (Rogers, 2009, 2010)




CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
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    Research Design


    Methodological Background
    ‣ Researching the web with it‘s own means
                  (Rogers, 2009, 2010)


    ‣ Networked Conversations (#Hashtags)



CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
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    Research Design


    Methodological Background
    ‣ Researching the web with it‘s own means
                  (Rogers, 2009, 2010)


    ‣ Networked Conversations (#Hashtags)
    ‣ Network visualization and analysis
                  based on @replies
                  (Bruns, 2011; Hightfield et al., 2011)




CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
7




    Research Design


    Methodological Background
    ‣ Researching the web with it‘s own means
                  (Rogers, 2009, 2010)


    ‣ Networked Conversations (#Hashtags)
    ‣ Network visualization and analysis
                  based on @replies
                  (Bruns, 2011; Hightfield et al., 2011)


    ➡User-centered approach
CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
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    Research Design


    #1 User identification
                                                                                   Bucher
                                                     Faymann
                                                                                                  ÖVP      Strache



                                                                                                   SPÖ
                                                          SPÖ
                                            FPÖ
                                                                                                         Glawischnig
                                                                     #sg11


                                                     Scheuch

                                                                                     Spindelegger
                              Sommergespräche




CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
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    Research Design


    #1 User identification
                                                                                   Bucher
                                                     Faymann
                                                                                                  ÖVP      Strache



                                                                                                   SPÖ


                                                                                                                       374 users
                                                          SPÖ
                                            FPÖ
                                                                                                         Glawischnig
                                                                     #sg11


                                                     Scheuch

                                                                                     Spindelegger
                              Sommergespräche




CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
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    Research Design


    #2 User classification
                                                                                   Bucher
                                                     Faymann
                                                                                                  ÖVP      Strache



                                                                                                   SPÖ
                                                          SPÖ
                                            FPÖ
                                                                                                         Glawischnig
                                                                     #sg11


                                                     Scheuch

                                                                                     Spindelegger
                              Sommergespräche




CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
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    Research Design


    #2 User classification
                                                                                   Bucher
                                                     Faymann
                                                                                                  ÖVP      Strache



                                                                                                   SPÖ
                                                          SPÖ
                                            FPÖ
                                                                                                         Glawischnig
                                                                     #sg11


                                                     Scheuch                                                           Profession
                              Sommergespräche
                                                                                     Spindelegger
                                                                                                                       Pol. Affiliation
                                                                                                                       Sex

CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
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                                                                                                           69 politcians
                                194 citizens /
                            non-professionals




                                                                                                                 83 journalists



                                                                                              N=374
                                                                                                      28 experts & activists




CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
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                                                                                                             28 no individuals
                                                                                  68 female
                                                                                                                 10 not clear




                                                                                                                 N=374


                                                                                                  268 male




CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
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                                                                                                  6 other
                                                  6 Alliance for
                                                    the Future
                                                    (right wing)                                                    17 Social Democrats




                                                                                                                       7 People‘s Party
                                                                                                                         (conservative)

                                                                                                                   2 Freedom Party
                                                                                                                     (right wing)
                                                                        31 Green Party                      N=69




CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
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     Research Design




CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
13




     Research Design


     #3 Data gathering




CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
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     Research Design


     #3 Data gathering
     ‣ All Tweets of 374 users
       and all Tweets mentioning them




CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
13




     Research Design


     #3 Data gathering
     ‣ All Tweets of 374 users
       and all Tweets mentioning them
     ‣ Oct 8, 2011 - Feb 7, 2012


CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
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     Research Design


     #3 Data gathering
     ‣ All Tweets of 374 users
       and all Tweets mentioning them
     ‣ Oct 8, 2011 - Feb 7, 2012
     ‣ Four sample weeks

CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
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                                                                                                              Simple retweet
                                                                                                              13.984
                                                                                          direct adressing
                                                                                                    27.601
                                                                                                              Commented Retweet
                        N Tweets = 87.466
                 N Characteristics = 97.779                                                                   14.288

                                                                                                        Mention within text
                                                                                                        14.364
                                               Simple Tweet
                                          without @-mention
                                                      27.542




CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
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                                                                                                              Simple retweet
                                                                                                              13.984
                                                                                          direct adressing

                                                                        high interaction
                                                                                                    27.601
                                                                                                              Commented Retweet
                        N Tweets = 87.466
                 N Characteristics = 97.779                                                                   14.288

                                                                                                        Mention within text
                                                                                                        14.364
                                               Simple Tweet
                                          without @-mention
                                                      27.542




CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
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     Research Design




CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
15




     Research Design


     #4 Tweet classification




CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
15




     Research Design


     #4 Tweet classification
     ‣ Four sample weeks: 145.356 Tweets




CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
15




     Research Design


     #4 Tweet classification
     ‣ Four sample weeks: 145.356 Tweets
     ‣ Manual classification of Tweets as
       political / non political




CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
15




     Research Design


     #4 Tweet classification
     ‣ Four sample weeks: 145.356 Tweets
     ‣ Manual classification of Tweets as
       political / non political
     ‣ Classification by political topics

CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
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     Research Design




CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
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     Research Design


     #5 Analysis




CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
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     Research Design


     #5 Analysis
     ‣ Overall @reply-network analysis




CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
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     Research Design


     #5 Analysis
     ‣ Overall @reply-network analysis
     ‣ Topical @reply-network analyses



CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
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     Research Design


     #5 Analysis
     ‣ Overall @reply-network analysis
     ‣ Topical @reply-network analyses
     ‣ Additional analyses: user activity / time,
       number of users mentioned, ...


CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
Overall Network Analysis




CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
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CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
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                                                                                                  politicians
                                                                                                    (pink)




CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
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                                                                                                                journalists
                                                                                                                  (green)
                                                                                                  politicians
                                                                                                    (pink)




CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
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  experts & activists
                                                                                                                journalists
      (yellow)
                                                                                                                  (green)
                                                                                                  politicians
                                                                                                    (pink)




CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
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  experts & activists
                                                                                                                     journalists
      (yellow)
                                                                                                                       (green)
                                                                                                       politicians
                                                                                                         (pink)




                                                                                                  citizens
CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
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  experts & activists
                                                                                                                     journalists
      (yellow)
                                                                                                                       (green)
                                                                                                       politicians
                                                                                                         (pink)




                                                                                                                       Other (outside sample)
                                                                                                  citizens
CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
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  experts & activists
                                                                                                                     journalists
      (yellow)
                                                                                                                       (green)
                                                                                                       politicians
                                                                                                         (pink)



     network
     position



                                                                                                                       Other (outside sample)
                                                                                                  citizens
CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
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  experts & activists
                                                                                                                     journalists
      (yellow)
                                                                                                                       (green)
                                                                                                       politicians
                                                                                                         (pink)



     network
     position                                                                                                        node size



                                                                                                                       Other (outside sample)
                                                                                                  citizens
CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
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CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
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                                                                                                  Political
                                                                                                  professionals




CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
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                                                                                                  Political
                                                                                                  professionals




                                                                                                                  Early Adopters



CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
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                                                                                                  Political
                                                                                                  professionals




                                                                                                                  Early Adopters

                                                                   Political
                                                                   activism
CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
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                                                                                                  Political
                                                                                                  professionals




                                                                                                                                   Marketing


                                                                                                                  Early Adopters

                                                                   Political
                                                                   activism
CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
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CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
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                                                                              dense network
                                                                             of professionals




CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
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CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
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CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
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CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
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CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
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CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
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CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
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CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
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                               „bridges“ btw. different
                                 parts of the network




CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
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CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
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CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
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CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
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CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
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CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
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CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
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CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
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CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
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CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
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CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
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CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
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CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
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CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
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CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
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CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
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CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
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CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
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CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
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CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
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CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
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CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
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CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
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CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
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CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
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CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
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CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
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CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
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CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
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CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
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                                                                                                  57,2   journalists      19,5


                                                                                                                         4,8
                                                                                                             4,0




                                                                                                                                           13,8


                                                                                                                                 17,7
                                                                                                                                          politicians   17,4
                                                                                                                                 43,9
                                                                                                                                    7,1




                                                                                                          12,8
                                                                                                                         9,1
                                                                                                          experts
                                                                                                  49,3      and
                                                                                                          activists
                                                                                                                   9,5




CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
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                       High interaction btw.
                    citizens and professionals




CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
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CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
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                                                                                                  57,2   journalists      19,5


                                                                                                                         4,8
                                                                                                             4,0




                                                                                                                                           13,8


                                                                                                                                 17,7
                                                                                                                                          politicians   17,4
                                                                                                                                 43,9
                                                                                                                                    7,1




                                                                                                          12,8
                                                                                                                         9,1
                                                                                                          experts
                                                                                                  49,3      and
                                                                                                          activists
                                                                                                                   9,5




CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
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                                                                                                                57,2     journalists      19,5

                                                                                                                   14,5                  4,8
                                                                                                                             4,0




                                                                                                  21,3
                                                                                                                                                           13,8
                                                                                                         4,7
                                                                                                          3,4
                                                                                         citizens                                                17,7
                                                                                                                                                          politicians   17,4
                                                                            68,3                                                                 43,9
                                                                                                                                                    7,1
                                                                                                  2,2




                                                                                                                          12,8

                                                                                                                  19,2                   9,1
                                                                                                                          experts
                                                                                                                49,3        and
                                                                                                                          activists
                                                                                                                                   9,5




CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
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                                                                                                                57,2     journalists      19,5

                                                                                                                   14,5                  4,8
                                                                                                                             4,0




                                                                                                  21,3
                                                                                                                                                           13,8
                                                                                                         4,7
                                                                                                          3,4
                                                                                                                                                 17,7
                                                                                                                                                          politicians   17,4
                                                                            68,3                                                                 43,9
                                                                                                                                                    7,1
                                                                                                  2,2




                                                                                                                          12,8

                                                                                                                  19,2                   9,1
                                                                                                                          experts
                                                                                                                49,3        and
                                                                                                                          activists
                                                                                                                                   9,5




CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
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                                                                                                                  57,2     journalists      19,5

                                                                                                                     14,5                  4,8
                                                                                                                               4,0




                                                                                                    21,3
                                                                                                                                                             13,8
                                                                                                           4,7
                                                                                                            3,4
                                                                                           citizens                                                17,7
                                                                                                                                                            politicians   17,4
                                                                              68,3                                                                 43,9
                                                                                                                                                      7,1
                                                                                                    2,2




users
outside                                                                                                                     12,8
sample                                                                                                              19,2                   9,1
                                                                                                                            experts
                                                                                                                  49,3        and
                                                                                                                            activists
                                                                                                                                     9,5




  CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
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                                       politicians                                                 journalists
                                                                                                      15,6
                                          27,1
                                                                                                   3,0
                                                                                                  7,7
                                                           in                  53,0
                                                                                                  3,5
                                                                                                              in
                     Professional network
                                                                                                              N=18819
                                   5,1     N=7967

                                    4,5                                                                            70,2        politicians


                   quite open for participation
                                       10,4                                                                                    journalists
                                                                                                                               experts


                          from outside
                                                                                                                               citizens
                                               17,8
                                                                                                        14,5                   other
                                                                                                  4,0
                                7,1
                                                       outN=4756
                                                                                    44,0
                                                                                                  19,5
                                                                                                              out
                                                                                                              N=7428
                                 13,8                                                                                   57,2

                                                        17,4                                            4,8




CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
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                                       politicians                                                 journalists
                                                                                                      15,6
                                          27,1
                                                                                                   3,0
                                                                                                  7,7
                                                           in                  53,0
                                                                                                  3,5
                                                                                                              in
                                                                                                              N=18819
                                   5,1     N=7967

                                    4,5                                                                            70,2        politicians
                                       10,4                                                                                    journalists
                                                                                                                               experts
                                                                                                                               citizens
                                               17,8
                                                                                                        14,5                   other
                                                                                                  4,0
                                7,1
                                                       outN=4756
                                                                                    44,0
                                                                                                  19,5
                                                                                                              out
                                                                                                              N=7428
                                 13,8                                                                                   57,2

                                                        17,4                                            4,8




CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
33




                                                                            @arminwolf                             @corinnamilborn


                                                                             in                   out                 in             out
                                                                           N=5581                 N=362              N=729           N=125




                                                                     @stefan_petzner                                          @leoszem


                                                                              in                  out                        in          out
                                                                             N=759                N=513                      N=160           N=142




                                                                                                  @hubertsickinger


                                                                                                          in       out
                                                                                                          N=1071   N=706




CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
34

300


      Number of @mentions vs.
      number of users mentioning

200



                             People are in contact                                                                      ion atio
                                                                                                                                n
                                                                                                                     tat ent
                          with a lot of different users                                                     &Q
                                                                                                                  ien ori
                                                                                                               -or at-
                                                                                                                    ch
                                                                                                        F
100




  0
      0                          100                            200                            300
      CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
                                                                                                                400      500        600   700   800   900   1000
34

300


      Number of @mentions vs.
      number of users mentioning

200



                                                                                                                                n
                                                                                                                        ion atio
                                                                                                                     tat ent
                                                                                                                  ien ori
                                                                                                               -or at-
                                                                                                        F   &Q      ch

100




  0
      0                          100                            200                            300
      CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
                                                                                                                400      500        600   700   800   900   1000
35




Number of @mentions vs.
number of users mentioning

category                                                              ratio                       100 mentions from...

politicians                                                           2,02 : 1                    50 different users

journalists                                                           2,00 : 1                    50 different users

experts, activists                                                    2,15 : 1                    47 different users

citizens                                                              3,18 : 1                    31 different users




CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
Issue Network Analysis




CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
37




                                                                                  145.356 Tweets




CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
37




                                                                                  145.356 Tweets




                                                                                                  18,9%
                                                                                                  domestic politics


CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
38




                                                                                                        education                       Faymann
Woche 1                                                                                                                                 social media
14. - 20.Okt
N=5477



Woche 2                             domestic politics other                                                    occupy Austria,
                                                                                                               #epizentrum
2. - 8.Nov
N=5717

                                                                                                                               Finance crisis and Austria
Woche 3                                                                                             media scandals SPÖ
27.12. - 2.1.
N=3833

                                                                                                                                             specified weekly
Woche 4                                                                                                                    corruption                   bis 12514
25.-31.Jan
N=12514
                               0                                         1000                          2000         3000         4000            5000               6000




  CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
38




                                                                                                        education                       Faymann
Woche 1                                                                                                                                 social media
14. - 20.Okt
N=5477



Woche 2                             domestic politics other                                                    occupy Austria,
                                                                                                               #epizentrum
2. - 8.Nov
N=5717

                                                                                                                               Finance crisis and Austria
Woche 3                                                                                             media scandals SPÖ
27.12. - 2.1.
N=3833

                                                                                                                                             specified weekly
Woche 4                                                                                                                    corruption                   bis 12514
25.-31.Jan
N=12514
                               0                                         1000                          2000         3000         4000            5000               6000




  CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
38




                                                                                                        education                       Faymann
Woche 1                                                                                                                                 social media
14. - 20.Okt
N=5477



Woche 2                             domestic politics other                                                    occupy Austria,
                                                                                                               #epizentrum
2. - 8.Nov
N=5717

                                                                                                                               Finance crisis and Austria
Woche 3                                                                                             media scandals SPÖ
27.12. - 2.1.
N=3833

                                                                                                                                             specified weekly
Woche 4                                                                                                                    corruption                   bis 12514
25.-31.Jan
N=12514
                               0                                         1000                          2000         3000         4000            5000               6000




  CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
38




                                                                                                        education                       Faymann
Woche 1                                                                                                                                 social media
14. - 20.Okt
N=5477



Woche 2                             domestic politics other                                                    occupy Austria,
                                                                                                               #epizentrum
2. - 8.Nov
N=5717

                                                                                                                               Finance crisis and Austria
Woche 3                                                                                             media scandals SPÖ
27.12. - 2.1.
N=3833

                                                                                                                                             specified weekly
Woche 4                                                                                                                    corruption                   bis 12514
25.-31.Jan
N=12514
                               0                                         1000                          2000         3000         4000            5000               6000




  CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
38




                                                                                                        education                       Faymann
Woche 1                                                                                                                                 social media
14. - 20.Okt
N=5477



Woche 2                             domestic politics other                                                    occupy Austria,
                                                                                                               #epizentrum
2. - 8.Nov
N=5717

                                                                                                                               Finance crisis and Austria
Woche 3                                                                                             media scandals SPÖ
27.12. - 2.1.
N=3833

                                                                                                                                             specified weekly
Woche 4                                                                                                                    corruption                   bis 12514
25.-31.Jan
N=12514
                               0                                         1000                          2000         3000         4000            5000               6000




  CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
38




                                                                                                        education                       Faymann
Woche 1                                                                                                                                 social media
14. - 20.Okt
N=5477



Woche 2                             domestic politics other                                                    occupy Austria,
                                                                                                               #epizentrum
2. - 8.Nov
N=5717

                                                                                                                               Finance crisis and Austria
Woche 3                                                                                             media scandals SPÖ
27.12. - 2.1.
N=3833

                                                                                                                                             specified weekly
Woche 4                                                                                                                    corruption                   bis 12514
25.-31.Jan
N=12514
                               0                                         1000                          2000         3000         4000            5000               6000




  CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
38




                                                                                                        education                       Faymann
Woche 1                                                                                                                                 social media
14. - 20.Okt
N=5477



Woche 2                             domestic politics other                                                    occupy Austria,
                                                                                                               #epizentrum
2. - 8.Nov
N=5717

                                                                                                                               Finance crisis and Austria
Woche 3                                                                                             media scandals SPÖ
27.12. - 2.1.
N=3833

                                                                                                                                             specified weekly
Woche 4                                                                                                                    corruption                   bis 12514
25.-31.Jan
N=12514
                               0                                         1000                          2000         3000         4000            5000               6000




  CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
38




                                                                                                        education                       Faymann
Woche 1                                                                                                                                 social media
14. - 20.Okt
N=5477



Woche 2                             domestic politics other                                                    occupy Austria,
                                                                                                               #epizentrum
2. - 8.Nov
N=5717

                                                                                                                               Finance crisis and Austria
Woche 3                                                                                             media scandals SPÖ
27.12. - 2.1.
N=3833

                                                                                                                                             specified weekly
Woche 4                                                                                                                    corruption                   bis 12514
25.-31.Jan
N=12514
                               0                                         1000                          2000         3000         4000            5000               6000




  CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
38




                                                                                                        education                       Faymann
Woche 1                                                                                                                                 social media
14. - 20.Okt
N=5477



Woche 2                             domestic politics other                                                    occupy Austria,
                                                                                                               #epizentrum
2. - 8.Nov
N=5717

                                                                                                                               Finance crisis and Austria
Woche 3                                                                                             media scandals SPÖ
27.12. - 2.1.
N=3833

                                                                                                                                             specified weekly
Woche 4                                                                                                                    corruption                   bis 12514
25.-31.Jan
N=12514
                               0                                         1000                          2000         3000         4000            5000               6000




  CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
38




                                                                                                        education                       Faymann
Woche 1                                                                                                                                 social media
14. - 20.Okt
N=5477



Woche 2                             domestic politics other                                                    occupy Austria,
                                                                                                               #epizentrum
2. - 8.Nov
N=5717

                                                                                                                               Finance crisis and Austria
Woche 3                                                                                             media scandals SPÖ
27.12. - 2.1.
N=3833

                                                                                                                                             specified weekly
Woche 4                                                                                                                    corruption                   bis 12514
25.-31.Jan
N=12514
                               0                                         1000                          2000         3000         4000            5000               6000




  CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
38




                                                                                                        education                       Faymann
Woche 1                                                                                                                                 social media
14. - 20.Okt
N=5477



Woche 2                             domestic politics other                                                    occupy Austria,
                                                                                                               #epizentrum
2. - 8.Nov
N=5717

                                                                                                                               Finance crisis and Austria
Woche 3                                                                                             media scandals SPÖ
27.12. - 2.1.
N=3833

                                                                                                                                             specified weekly
Woche 4                                                                                                                    corruption                   bis 12514
25.-31.Jan
N=12514
                               0                                         1000                          2000         3000         4000            5000               6000




  CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
38




                                                                                                        education                       Faymann
Woche 1                                                                                                                                 social media
14. - 20.Okt
N=5477



Woche 2                             domestic politics other                                                    occupy Austria,
                                                                                                               #epizentrum
2. - 8.Nov
N=5717

                                                                                                                               Finance crisis and Austria
Woche 3                                                                                             media scandals SPÖ
27.12. - 2.1.
N=3833

                                                                                                                                             specified weekly
Woche 4                                                                                                                    corruption                   bis 12514
25.-31.Jan
N=12514
                               0                                         1000                          2000         3000         4000            5000               6000




  CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
38




                                                                                                        education                       Faymann
Woche 1                                                                                                                                 social media
14. - 20.Okt
N=5477



Woche 2                             domestic politics other                                                    occupy Austria,
                                                                                                               #epizentrum
2. - 8.Nov
N=5717

                                                                                                                               Finance crisis and Austria
Woche 3                                                                                             media scandals SPÖ
27.12. - 2.1.
N=3833

                                                                                                                                             specified weekly
Woche 4                                                                                                                    corruption                   bis 12514
25.-31.Jan
N=12514
                               0                                         1000                          2000         3000         4000            5000               6000




  CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
38




                                                                                                        education                       Faymann
Woche 1                                                                                                                                 social media
14. - 20.Okt
N=5477



Woche 2                             domestic politics other                                                    occupy Austria,
                                                                                                               #epizentrum
2. - 8.Nov
N=5717

                                                                                                                               Finance crisis and Austria
Woche 3                                                                                             media scandals SPÖ
27.12. - 2.1.
N=3833

                                                                                                                                             specified weekly
Woche 4                                                                                                                    corruption                   bis 12514
25.-31.Jan
N=12514
                               0                                         1000                          2000         3000         4000            5000               6000




  CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
38




                                                                                                        education                       Faymann
Woche 1                                                                                                                                 social media
14. - 20.Okt
N=5477



Woche 2                             domestic politics other                                                    occupy Austria,
                                                                                                               #epizentrum
2. - 8.Nov
N=5717

                                                                                                                               Finance crisis and Austria
Woche 3                                                                                             media scandals SPÖ
27.12. - 2.1.
N=3833

                                                                                                                                             specified weekly
Woche 4                                                                                                                    corruption                   bis 12514
25.-31.Jan
N=12514
                               0                                         1000                          2000         3000         4000            5000               6000




  CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
38




                                                                                                        education                       Faymann
Woche 1                                                                                                                                 social media
14. - 20.Okt
N=5477



Woche 2                             domestic politics other                                                    occupy Austria,
                                                                                                               #epizentrum
2. - 8.Nov
N=5717

                                                                                                                               Finance crisis and Austria
Woche 3                                                                                             media scandals SPÖ
27.12. - 2.1.
N=3833

                                                                                                                                             specified weekly
Woche 4                                                                                                                    corruption                   bis 12514
25.-31.Jan
N=12514
                               0                                         1000                          2000         3000         4000            5000               6000




  CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
38




                                                                                                        education                       Faymann
Woche 1                                                                                                                                 social media
14. - 20.Okt
N=5477



Woche 2                             domestic politics other                                                    occupy Austria,
                                                                                                               #epizentrum
2. - 8.Nov
N=5717

                                                                                                                               Finance crisis and Austria
Woche 3                                                                                             media scandals SPÖ
27.12. - 2.1.
N=3833

                                                                                                                                             specified weekly
Woche 4                                                                                                                    corruption                   bis 12514
25.-31.Jan
N=12514
                               0                                         1000                          2000         3000         4000            5000               6000




  CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
38




                                                                                                        education                       Faymann
Woche 1                                                                                                                                 social media
14. - 20.Okt
N=5477



Woche 2                             domestic politics other                                                    occupy Austria,
                                                                                                               #epizentrum
2. - 8.Nov
N=5717

                                                                                                                               Finance crisis and Austria
Woche 3                                                                                             media scandals SPÖ
27.12. - 2.1.
N=3833

                                                                                                                                             specified weekly
Woche 4                                                                                                                    corruption                   bis 12514
25.-31.Jan
N=12514
                               0                                         1000                          2000         3000         4000            5000               6000




  CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
38




                                                                                                        education                       Faymann
Woche 1                                                                                                                                 social media
14. - 20.Okt
N=5477



Woche 2                             domestic politics other                                                    occupy Austria,
                                                                                                               #epizentrum
2. - 8.Nov
N=5717

                                                                                                                               Finance crisis and Austria
Woche 3                                                                                             media scandals SPÖ
27.12. - 2.1.
N=3833

                                                                                                                                             specified weekly
Woche 4                                                                                                                    corruption                   bis 12514
25.-31.Jan
N=12514
                               0                                         1000                          2000         3000         4000            5000               6000




  CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
38




                                                                                                        education                       Faymann
Woche 1                                                                                                                                 social media
14. - 20.Okt
N=5477



Woche 2                             domestic politics other                                                    occupy Austria,
                                                                                                               #epizentrum
2. - 8.Nov
N=5717

                                                                                                                               Finance crisis and Austria
Woche 3                                                                                             media scandals SPÖ
27.12. - 2.1.
N=3833

                                                                                                                                             specified weekly
Woche 4                                                                                                                    corruption                   bis 12514
25.-31.Jan
N=12514
                               0                                         1000                          2000         3000         4000            5000               6000




  CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
39




                                                                   Specific topics,
                                                                  specific networks



Financial Crisis in Austria
CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
39




Financial Crisis in Austria
CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
39




Financial Crisis in Austria
CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
40




       But: Central hubs remain
     central, whatever the topic is



Education

CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
40




Education

CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
40




Education

CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
40




Education

CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
40




Education

CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
40




Education

CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
40




Education

CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
40




Education

CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
41




Corruption
CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
41




Corruption
CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
41




Corruption
CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
41




Corruption
CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
41




Corruption
CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
42




WKR-Ball
CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
42




WKR-Ball
CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
42




WKR-Ball
CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
43




           Political issues only:
           Less interaction btw.
        politicians and journalists,
      more btw. politicans and citizens



Domestic Politics all
CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
43




Domestic Politics all
CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
43




Domestic Politics all
CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
43




Domestic Politics all
CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
43




Domestic Politics all
CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
Conclusion




CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
45




CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
45




     ‣ New approaches to study
                  politics on the web




CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
45




     ‣ New approaches to study
       politics on the web
     ‣ Dense political Twittersphere



CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
45




     ‣ New approaches to study
       politics on the web
     ‣ Dense political Twittersphere
     ‣ Clear-cut clusters


CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
45




     ‣ New approaches to study
       politics on the web
     ‣ Dense political Twittersphere
     ‣ Clear-cut clusters
     ‣ „bridges“, „hubs“

CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
46




CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
46




     ‣ High involvement of „citizens“




CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
46




     ‣ High involvement of „citizens“
     ‣ High interaction with users
                  outside the network




CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
46




     ‣ High involvement of „citizens“
     ‣ High interaction with users
       outside the network
     ‣ Sphere is open for participation


CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
47




CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
47




     ‣ Another arena for already established
                  actors, but not exclusively




CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
47




     ‣ Another arena for already established
       actors, but not exclusively
     ‣ Chances for citizens to get in touch with
       politicians and journalists are higher
       than in traditional contexts



CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
47




     ‣ Another arena for already established
       actors, but not exclusively
     ‣ Chances for citizens to get in touch with
       politicians and journalists are higher
       than in traditional contexts
     ‣ Twitter helps broadening public debate

CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
Thanks!
    http://twitterpolitik.net
    mail@twitterpolitik.net
                  axelmaireder
                  boomblitz
                  axkibe




                                                                 Social Media Ranking
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Mapping the Austrian political Twittersphere

  • 1. CeDEM, Krems, 3 May, 2012 Axel Maireder, Julian Ausserhofer & Axel Kittenberger Mapping the Austrian Political Twittersphere How politicians, journalists and political strategists (inter-)act on Twitter CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 2. 2 CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 3. 2 Changing nature of pol. Communication CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 4. 2 Changing nature of pol. Communication ‣ Increased spectrum of possible political activities CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 5. 2 Changing nature of pol. Communication ‣ Increased spectrum of possible political activities ‣ „Fifth estate“ Dutton, 2010 CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 6. 2 Changing nature of pol. Communication ‣ Increased spectrum of possible political activities ‣ „Fifth estate“ Dutton, 2010 ‣ denser, wider, more pluralistic Politics for those already engaged and inclusive Davis, 2010 CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 7. 3 CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 8. 3 Nature of Twitter communication CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 9. 3 Nature of Twitter communication ‣ public by default CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 10. 3 Nature of Twitter communication ‣ public by default ‣ low-treshold CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 11. 3 Nature of Twitter communication ‣ public by default ‣ low-treshold ‣ open for participation CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 12. 4 Research Questions CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 13. 4 Research Questions Structure of Interaction CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 14. 4 Research Questions Structure of Interaction ‣ btw. journalists, politicians, experts and activists? CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 15. 4 Research Questions Structure of Interaction ‣ btw. journalists, politicians, experts and activists? ‣ btw. political professionals and „casual“ users? CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 16. 5 Research Questions Does Twitter contibute to a broadening of participation in public debate? CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 17. 5 Research Questions Does Twitter contibute to a broadening of participation in public debate? and to what extend does it merely serve „as yet another arena for already established actors“?) Larsson & Moe, 2011 CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 18. Reseach Design CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 19. 7 Research Design CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 20. 7 Research Design Methodological Background CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 21. 7 Research Design Methodological Background ‣ Researching the web with it‘s own means (Rogers, 2009, 2010) CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 22. 7 Research Design Methodological Background ‣ Researching the web with it‘s own means (Rogers, 2009, 2010) ‣ Networked Conversations (#Hashtags) CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 23. 7 Research Design Methodological Background ‣ Researching the web with it‘s own means (Rogers, 2009, 2010) ‣ Networked Conversations (#Hashtags) ‣ Network visualization and analysis based on @replies (Bruns, 2011; Hightfield et al., 2011) CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 24. 7 Research Design Methodological Background ‣ Researching the web with it‘s own means (Rogers, 2009, 2010) ‣ Networked Conversations (#Hashtags) ‣ Network visualization and analysis based on @replies (Bruns, 2011; Hightfield et al., 2011) ➡User-centered approach CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 25. 8 Research Design #1 User identification Bucher Faymann ÖVP Strache SPÖ SPÖ FPÖ Glawischnig #sg11 Scheuch Spindelegger Sommergespräche CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 26. 8 Research Design #1 User identification Bucher Faymann ÖVP Strache SPÖ 374 users SPÖ FPÖ Glawischnig #sg11 Scheuch Spindelegger Sommergespräche CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 27. 9 Research Design #2 User classification Bucher Faymann ÖVP Strache SPÖ SPÖ FPÖ Glawischnig #sg11 Scheuch Spindelegger Sommergespräche CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 28. 9 Research Design #2 User classification Bucher Faymann ÖVP Strache SPÖ SPÖ FPÖ Glawischnig #sg11 Scheuch Profession Sommergespräche Spindelegger Pol. Affiliation Sex CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 29. 10 69 politcians 194 citizens / non-professionals 83 journalists N=374 28 experts & activists CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 30. 11 28 no individuals 68 female 10 not clear N=374 268 male CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 31. 12 6 other 6 Alliance for the Future (right wing) 17 Social Democrats 7 People‘s Party (conservative) 2 Freedom Party (right wing) 31 Green Party N=69 CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 32. 13 Research Design CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 33. 13 Research Design #3 Data gathering CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 34. 13 Research Design #3 Data gathering ‣ All Tweets of 374 users and all Tweets mentioning them CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 35. 13 Research Design #3 Data gathering ‣ All Tweets of 374 users and all Tweets mentioning them ‣ Oct 8, 2011 - Feb 7, 2012 CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 36. 13 Research Design #3 Data gathering ‣ All Tweets of 374 users and all Tweets mentioning them ‣ Oct 8, 2011 - Feb 7, 2012 ‣ Four sample weeks CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 37. 14 Simple retweet 13.984 direct adressing 27.601 Commented Retweet N Tweets = 87.466 N Characteristics = 97.779 14.288 Mention within text 14.364 Simple Tweet without @-mention 27.542 CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 38. 14 Simple retweet 13.984 direct adressing high interaction 27.601 Commented Retweet N Tweets = 87.466 N Characteristics = 97.779 14.288 Mention within text 14.364 Simple Tweet without @-mention 27.542 CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 39. 15 Research Design CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 40. 15 Research Design #4 Tweet classification CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 41. 15 Research Design #4 Tweet classification ‣ Four sample weeks: 145.356 Tweets CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 42. 15 Research Design #4 Tweet classification ‣ Four sample weeks: 145.356 Tweets ‣ Manual classification of Tweets as political / non political CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 43. 15 Research Design #4 Tweet classification ‣ Four sample weeks: 145.356 Tweets ‣ Manual classification of Tweets as political / non political ‣ Classification by political topics CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 44. 16 Research Design CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 45. 16 Research Design #5 Analysis CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 46. 16 Research Design #5 Analysis ‣ Overall @reply-network analysis CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 47. 16 Research Design #5 Analysis ‣ Overall @reply-network analysis ‣ Topical @reply-network analyses CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 48. 16 Research Design #5 Analysis ‣ Overall @reply-network analysis ‣ Topical @reply-network analyses ‣ Additional analyses: user activity / time, number of users mentioned, ... CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 49. Overall Network Analysis CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 50. 18 CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 51. 18 politicians (pink) CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 52. 18 journalists (green) politicians (pink) CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 53. 18 experts & activists journalists (yellow) (green) politicians (pink) CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 54. 18 experts & activists journalists (yellow) (green) politicians (pink) citizens CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 55. 18 experts & activists journalists (yellow) (green) politicians (pink) Other (outside sample) citizens CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 56. 18 experts & activists journalists (yellow) (green) politicians (pink) network position Other (outside sample) citizens CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 57. 18 experts & activists journalists (yellow) (green) politicians (pink) network position node size Other (outside sample) citizens CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 58. 19 CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 59. 19 Political professionals CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 60. 19 Political professionals Early Adopters CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 61. 19 Political professionals Early Adopters Political activism CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 62. 19 Political professionals Marketing Early Adopters Political activism CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 63. 20 CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 64. 20 dense network of professionals CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 65. 21 CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 66. 21 CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 67. 21 CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 68. 21 CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 69. 21 CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 70. 21 CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 71. 21 CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 72. 22 „bridges“ btw. different parts of the network CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 73. 22 CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 74. 23 CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 75. 24 CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 76. 24 CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 77. 24 CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 78. 24 CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 79. 24 CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 80. 24 CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 81. 24 CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 82. 25 CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 83. 25 CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 84. 25 CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 85. 25 CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 86. 25 CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 87. 25 CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 88. 25 CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 89. 26 CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 90. 26 CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 91. 26 CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 92. 26 CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 93. 26 CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 94. 27 CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 95. 27 CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 96. 27 CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 97. 27 CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 98. 27 CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 99. 27 CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 100. 27 CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 101. 27 CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 102. 28 57,2 journalists 19,5 4,8 4,0 13,8 17,7 politicians 17,4 43,9 7,1 12,8 9,1 experts 49,3 and activists 9,5 CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 103. 29 High interaction btw. citizens and professionals CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 104. 29 CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 105. 30 57,2 journalists 19,5 4,8 4,0 13,8 17,7 politicians 17,4 43,9 7,1 12,8 9,1 experts 49,3 and activists 9,5 CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 106. 30 57,2 journalists 19,5 14,5 4,8 4,0 21,3 13,8 4,7 3,4 citizens 17,7 politicians 17,4 68,3 43,9 7,1 2,2 12,8 19,2 9,1 experts 49,3 and activists 9,5 CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 107. 31 57,2 journalists 19,5 14,5 4,8 4,0 21,3 13,8 4,7 3,4 17,7 politicians 17,4 68,3 43,9 7,1 2,2 12,8 19,2 9,1 experts 49,3 and activists 9,5 CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 108. 31 57,2 journalists 19,5 14,5 4,8 4,0 21,3 13,8 4,7 3,4 citizens 17,7 politicians 17,4 68,3 43,9 7,1 2,2 users outside 12,8 sample 19,2 9,1 experts 49,3 and activists 9,5 CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 109. 32 politicians journalists 15,6 27,1 3,0 7,7 in 53,0 3,5 in Professional network N=18819 5,1 N=7967 4,5 70,2 politicians quite open for participation 10,4 journalists experts from outside citizens 17,8 14,5 other 4,0 7,1 outN=4756 44,0 19,5 out N=7428 13,8 57,2 17,4 4,8 CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 110. 32 politicians journalists 15,6 27,1 3,0 7,7 in 53,0 3,5 in N=18819 5,1 N=7967 4,5 70,2 politicians 10,4 journalists experts citizens 17,8 14,5 other 4,0 7,1 outN=4756 44,0 19,5 out N=7428 13,8 57,2 17,4 4,8 CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 111. 33 @arminwolf @corinnamilborn in out in out N=5581 N=362 N=729 N=125 @stefan_petzner @leoszem in out in out N=759 N=513 N=160 N=142 @hubertsickinger in out N=1071 N=706 CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 112. 34 300 Number of @mentions vs. number of users mentioning 200 People are in contact ion atio n tat ent with a lot of different users &Q ien ori -or at- ch F 100 0 0 100 200 300 CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
  • 113. 34 300 Number of @mentions vs. number of users mentioning 200 n ion atio tat ent ien ori -or at- F &Q ch 100 0 0 100 200 300 CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
  • 114. 35 Number of @mentions vs. number of users mentioning category ratio 100 mentions from... politicians 2,02 : 1 50 different users journalists 2,00 : 1 50 different users experts, activists 2,15 : 1 47 different users citizens 3,18 : 1 31 different users CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 115. Issue Network Analysis CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 116. 37 145.356 Tweets CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 117. 37 145.356 Tweets 18,9% domestic politics CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 118. 38 education Faymann Woche 1 social media 14. - 20.Okt N=5477 Woche 2 domestic politics other occupy Austria, #epizentrum 2. - 8.Nov N=5717 Finance crisis and Austria Woche 3 media scandals SPÖ 27.12. - 2.1. N=3833 specified weekly Woche 4 corruption bis 12514 25.-31.Jan N=12514 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 119. 38 education Faymann Woche 1 social media 14. - 20.Okt N=5477 Woche 2 domestic politics other occupy Austria, #epizentrum 2. - 8.Nov N=5717 Finance crisis and Austria Woche 3 media scandals SPÖ 27.12. - 2.1. N=3833 specified weekly Woche 4 corruption bis 12514 25.-31.Jan N=12514 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 120. 38 education Faymann Woche 1 social media 14. - 20.Okt N=5477 Woche 2 domestic politics other occupy Austria, #epizentrum 2. - 8.Nov N=5717 Finance crisis and Austria Woche 3 media scandals SPÖ 27.12. - 2.1. N=3833 specified weekly Woche 4 corruption bis 12514 25.-31.Jan N=12514 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 121. 38 education Faymann Woche 1 social media 14. - 20.Okt N=5477 Woche 2 domestic politics other occupy Austria, #epizentrum 2. - 8.Nov N=5717 Finance crisis and Austria Woche 3 media scandals SPÖ 27.12. - 2.1. N=3833 specified weekly Woche 4 corruption bis 12514 25.-31.Jan N=12514 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 122. 38 education Faymann Woche 1 social media 14. - 20.Okt N=5477 Woche 2 domestic politics other occupy Austria, #epizentrum 2. - 8.Nov N=5717 Finance crisis and Austria Woche 3 media scandals SPÖ 27.12. - 2.1. N=3833 specified weekly Woche 4 corruption bis 12514 25.-31.Jan N=12514 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 123. 38 education Faymann Woche 1 social media 14. - 20.Okt N=5477 Woche 2 domestic politics other occupy Austria, #epizentrum 2. - 8.Nov N=5717 Finance crisis and Austria Woche 3 media scandals SPÖ 27.12. - 2.1. N=3833 specified weekly Woche 4 corruption bis 12514 25.-31.Jan N=12514 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 124. 38 education Faymann Woche 1 social media 14. - 20.Okt N=5477 Woche 2 domestic politics other occupy Austria, #epizentrum 2. - 8.Nov N=5717 Finance crisis and Austria Woche 3 media scandals SPÖ 27.12. - 2.1. N=3833 specified weekly Woche 4 corruption bis 12514 25.-31.Jan N=12514 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 125. 38 education Faymann Woche 1 social media 14. - 20.Okt N=5477 Woche 2 domestic politics other occupy Austria, #epizentrum 2. - 8.Nov N=5717 Finance crisis and Austria Woche 3 media scandals SPÖ 27.12. - 2.1. N=3833 specified weekly Woche 4 corruption bis 12514 25.-31.Jan N=12514 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 126. 38 education Faymann Woche 1 social media 14. - 20.Okt N=5477 Woche 2 domestic politics other occupy Austria, #epizentrum 2. - 8.Nov N=5717 Finance crisis and Austria Woche 3 media scandals SPÖ 27.12. - 2.1. N=3833 specified weekly Woche 4 corruption bis 12514 25.-31.Jan N=12514 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 127. 38 education Faymann Woche 1 social media 14. - 20.Okt N=5477 Woche 2 domestic politics other occupy Austria, #epizentrum 2. - 8.Nov N=5717 Finance crisis and Austria Woche 3 media scandals SPÖ 27.12. - 2.1. N=3833 specified weekly Woche 4 corruption bis 12514 25.-31.Jan N=12514 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 128. 38 education Faymann Woche 1 social media 14. - 20.Okt N=5477 Woche 2 domestic politics other occupy Austria, #epizentrum 2. - 8.Nov N=5717 Finance crisis and Austria Woche 3 media scandals SPÖ 27.12. - 2.1. N=3833 specified weekly Woche 4 corruption bis 12514 25.-31.Jan N=12514 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 129. 38 education Faymann Woche 1 social media 14. - 20.Okt N=5477 Woche 2 domestic politics other occupy Austria, #epizentrum 2. - 8.Nov N=5717 Finance crisis and Austria Woche 3 media scandals SPÖ 27.12. - 2.1. N=3833 specified weekly Woche 4 corruption bis 12514 25.-31.Jan N=12514 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 130. 38 education Faymann Woche 1 social media 14. - 20.Okt N=5477 Woche 2 domestic politics other occupy Austria, #epizentrum 2. - 8.Nov N=5717 Finance crisis and Austria Woche 3 media scandals SPÖ 27.12. - 2.1. N=3833 specified weekly Woche 4 corruption bis 12514 25.-31.Jan N=12514 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 131. 38 education Faymann Woche 1 social media 14. - 20.Okt N=5477 Woche 2 domestic politics other occupy Austria, #epizentrum 2. - 8.Nov N=5717 Finance crisis and Austria Woche 3 media scandals SPÖ 27.12. - 2.1. N=3833 specified weekly Woche 4 corruption bis 12514 25.-31.Jan N=12514 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 132. 38 education Faymann Woche 1 social media 14. - 20.Okt N=5477 Woche 2 domestic politics other occupy Austria, #epizentrum 2. - 8.Nov N=5717 Finance crisis and Austria Woche 3 media scandals SPÖ 27.12. - 2.1. N=3833 specified weekly Woche 4 corruption bis 12514 25.-31.Jan N=12514 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 133. 38 education Faymann Woche 1 social media 14. - 20.Okt N=5477 Woche 2 domestic politics other occupy Austria, #epizentrum 2. - 8.Nov N=5717 Finance crisis and Austria Woche 3 media scandals SPÖ 27.12. - 2.1. N=3833 specified weekly Woche 4 corruption bis 12514 25.-31.Jan N=12514 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 134. 38 education Faymann Woche 1 social media 14. - 20.Okt N=5477 Woche 2 domestic politics other occupy Austria, #epizentrum 2. - 8.Nov N=5717 Finance crisis and Austria Woche 3 media scandals SPÖ 27.12. - 2.1. N=3833 specified weekly Woche 4 corruption bis 12514 25.-31.Jan N=12514 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 135. 38 education Faymann Woche 1 social media 14. - 20.Okt N=5477 Woche 2 domestic politics other occupy Austria, #epizentrum 2. - 8.Nov N=5717 Finance crisis and Austria Woche 3 media scandals SPÖ 27.12. - 2.1. N=3833 specified weekly Woche 4 corruption bis 12514 25.-31.Jan N=12514 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 136. 38 education Faymann Woche 1 social media 14. - 20.Okt N=5477 Woche 2 domestic politics other occupy Austria, #epizentrum 2. - 8.Nov N=5717 Finance crisis and Austria Woche 3 media scandals SPÖ 27.12. - 2.1. N=3833 specified weekly Woche 4 corruption bis 12514 25.-31.Jan N=12514 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 137. 38 education Faymann Woche 1 social media 14. - 20.Okt N=5477 Woche 2 domestic politics other occupy Austria, #epizentrum 2. - 8.Nov N=5717 Finance crisis and Austria Woche 3 media scandals SPÖ 27.12. - 2.1. N=3833 specified weekly Woche 4 corruption bis 12514 25.-31.Jan N=12514 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 138. 39 Specific topics, specific networks Financial Crisis in Austria CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 139. 39 Financial Crisis in Austria CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 140. 39 Financial Crisis in Austria CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 141. 40 But: Central hubs remain central, whatever the topic is Education CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 142. 40 Education CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 143. 40 Education CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 144. 40 Education CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 145. 40 Education CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 146. 40 Education CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 147. 40 Education CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 148. 40 Education CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 149. 41 Corruption CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 150. 41 Corruption CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 151. 41 Corruption CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 152. 41 Corruption CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 153. 41 Corruption CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 154. 42 WKR-Ball CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 155. 42 WKR-Ball CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 156. 42 WKR-Ball CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 157. 43 Political issues only: Less interaction btw. politicians and journalists, more btw. politicans and citizens Domestic Politics all CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 158. 43 Domestic Politics all CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 159. 43 Domestic Politics all CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 160. 43 Domestic Politics all CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 161. 43 Domestic Politics all CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 162. Conclusion CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 163. 45 CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 164. 45 ‣ New approaches to study politics on the web CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 165. 45 ‣ New approaches to study politics on the web ‣ Dense political Twittersphere CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 166. 45 ‣ New approaches to study politics on the web ‣ Dense political Twittersphere ‣ Clear-cut clusters CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 167. 45 ‣ New approaches to study politics on the web ‣ Dense political Twittersphere ‣ Clear-cut clusters ‣ „bridges“, „hubs“ CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 168. 46 CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 169. 46 ‣ High involvement of „citizens“ CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 170. 46 ‣ High involvement of „citizens“ ‣ High interaction with users outside the network CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 171. 46 ‣ High involvement of „citizens“ ‣ High interaction with users outside the network ‣ Sphere is open for participation CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 172. 47 CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 173. 47 ‣ Another arena for already established actors, but not exclusively CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 174. 47 ‣ Another arena for already established actors, but not exclusively ‣ Chances for citizens to get in touch with politicians and journalists are higher than in traditional contexts CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 175. 47 ‣ Another arena for already established actors, but not exclusively ‣ Chances for citizens to get in touch with politicians and journalists are higher than in traditional contexts ‣ Twitter helps broadening public debate CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net
  • 176. Thanks! http://twitterpolitik.net mail@twitterpolitik.net axelmaireder boomblitz axkibe Social Media Ranking CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Julian Ausserhofer, Axel Maireder & Axel Kittenberger http://twitterpolitik.net