WiMax and its future in India

1. Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access
Prepared by,
•Deval Naik
•Rohit Kulkarni
•Ashley T
•Tushar Sharma
•Siddharth Sinha
•Sanket Kulkarni
1

2. 2

3. • Original fixed wireless broadband air Interface for 10 – 66 GHz, Line-of-sight only, Point-to-Point applications
802.16
(Dec 2001)
• Extension for 2-11 GHz
• Non-LOS, Point-to-Multi-
802.16c Point applications such as
802.16a “last mile” access & B/H
(2002)
(Jan 2003)
802.16 amendment • Published as 802.16 –
for Line of Sight, 2004, replacing earlier
Point to Point backhaul revisions
using spectrum 802.16d • Fixed & Portable
applications 2 – 6 GHz
between 10 - 66 GHz (Q3 2004) • HIPERMAN compatibility
• Mobility to highway
speeds in licensed bands
from 2-6 GHz
802.16e • Roaming within &
(Q4 2005) between service areas
• WiBRO Compatibility
3

4.  Improved Performance
 Much Greater Distances
 Much Better MAC
 NLOS Ability (Non line of sight)
4

5.  Broadband Internet Access
 Voip , IPTV services
 Cellular Phones
5

6.  IEEE 802.16 (2001)
 Air Interface for Fixed Broadband Wireless Access System MAC and PHY Specifications for
10 – 66 GHZ (LoS)
 One PHY: Single Carrier
 Connection-oriented, TDM/TDMA MAC, QoS, Privacy
 IEEE 802.16a (January 2003)
 Amendment to 802.16, MAC Modifications and Additional PHY Specifications for 2 – 11
GHz (NLoS)
 Three PHYs: OFDM, OFDMA, Single Carrier
 Additional MAC functions: OFDM and OFDMA PHY support, Mesh topology support, ARQ
 IEEE 802.16d (July 2004)
 Combines both IEEE 802.16 and 802.16a
 Some modifications to the MAC and PHY
 IEEE 802.16e (2005)
 Amendment to 802.16-2004
 MAC Modifications for limited mobility
6

7. Coverage range up to 50km and speeds up to 70Mbps (shared among users)
7

8. Source: Understanding WiMAX and 3G for Portable/Mobile Broadband Wireless, Technical White Paper, Intel.
8

9. High Data
Rate
All IP –
Based
Mobility
Network
Architecture
WiMax
Features
OFDM
QoS based air
interface
Deployment
flexibility
(System
Profiles)
9

10.  The duplex scheme is Usually specified by regulatory
bodies, e.g., FCC
 Time-Division Duplex (TDD)
 Downlink & Uplink time share the same RF channel
 Dynamic asymmetry
 does not transmit & receive simultaneously (low cost)
 Frequency-Division Duplex (FDD)
 Downlink & Uplink on separate RF channels
 Full Duplexing (FDX): can Tx and Rx simultaneously;
 Half-duplexing (HDX) SSs supported (low cost)
10

11. DL UL
DL UL MAP MAP
MAP MAP
DOWNLINK
UPLINK
frame
Broadcast Half Duplex Terminal #1
Full Duplex Capable User Half Duplex Terminal #2
11

12. WiMax Forum Board Denotation Purpose
SPWG Service provider working To influence ongoing
group standardization
AWG Application working group To uniquely enrich the system
application network
NWG Network working group Responsible for everything
beyond the PHY and MAC
TWG Technical working group To provide inter operatibility
between MS’s/SS’s and BS’s
CWG Certification working group Issues related to certification
RWG Regulatory working group To provide globally spectrum
MWG Marketing working group Promotion of WiMax forum
12

13. ASN V-CSN H-CSN
AAA AAA
HA HA
ASN
BS ROUTER ROUTER
-GW
IMS or IMS or
BS similar
DHCP similar DHCP
PST N
Internet
13

14.  Base Station (BS)
 Place from where signals
are broadcasted
 It cover up to 10 Km, it can
reach up to 50 Km if
geographical area supports
14

15.  ASN-GW (ASN Gateway)
 Supports connection management
 Mobility across cell sites
 Inter service provider network boundary through
processing of subscriber control and bearer data
traffic
 Serves as the Extensible Authentication Protocol
(EAP), authenticator for subscriber identity and
acts as radius client to the operator’s AAA servers
15

16.  AAA
 Authentication, Authorization, Accounting
 Home Network Service Provider (H-NSP)
▪ Provides backbone for ISP, most web users uses to
access internet and ISP connects to Internet Exchange
 Session accounting for subscriber sessions
16

17.  Home Agent
 Provides efficient and scalable mechanism for
mobility within the network
 Provides temporary IP address to visiting client
17

18.  Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)
 Computer networking protocol use by hosts (DHCP
clients) to retrieve IP address assignments and other
configuration information
 Uses client server architecture
▪ Client sends a broadcast request for configuration information
▪ DHCP server receives the request and responds with configuration
information from its configuration database
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19.  IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS)
 Provides the foundation for developing and
delivering rich multimedia services and
applications
 Service Delivery Platforms allow you to expose
application programming interfaces (APIs) for all
network infrastructure components
 Aid the access of multimedia and voice
application i.e., create a form of fixed mobile
convergence
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20. 20

21. 21

22. Available Bandwidth No . Of Subcarriers ∆f T(b)
1.25 MHz 128 10.94 KHz 91.4 µs
3.50 MHz 512 7.81 KHz 128 µs
5.00 MHz 512 10.94 KHz 91.4 µs
7.00 MHz 1024 7.81 KHz 128 µs
8.75 MHz 1024 9.77 KHz 102.4 µs
10.00 MHz 1024 10.94 KHz 91.4 µs
20.00 MHz 2048 10.94 KHZ 91.4 µs
Typically heavily supported bandwidth are 5 MHz, 7MHz and 10 MHz
22

23.  Frequency of all the subcarrier of must be an
integer multiple of lowest subcarrier
frequency
 Capable of multi carrier transmission
 Supports high speed devices still being
bandwidth efficient
 Adjacent subcarrier must be orthogonal
23

24. Time Time
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 3
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 1 3 3 3 3
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 1 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 1 2 2 3
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 3 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 1
Subcarrier Subcarrier
24

25. EAP Msgs
BS EAP-
MAC-Ctrl ASN-Ctrl XYZ
MAC- Msgs MAC- ASN-Ctrl ASN-Ctrl DlA/Radius DlA/Radius
Msgs
CPS Basic CPS
ClD UDP UDP UDP UDP
Prim Mgmt
IP IP IP IP
ClD
MAC- MAC- Layer-2 Layer-2 Layer-2 Layer-2
SS SS
802.16 802.16 Layer-1 Layer-1 Layer-1 Layer-1
ASN-
R1 R6 GW R3
BS AAA
MS
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26.  Each SS has 3 management connections in each direction:
 Basic Connection:
▪ short and time-urgent MAC management messages
▪ MAC mgmt messages as MAC PDU payloads
 Primary Management connection:
▪ longer and more delay tolerant MAC mgmt messages
▪ MAC mgmt messages as MAC PDU payloads
 Secondary Management Connection:
▪ Standard based mgmt messages, e.g., DHCP, SNMP, …etc
▪ IP packets based CS PDU as MAC PDU payload
26

27. IP Address
Assignment
Simple IP Mobile IP
Proxy MIP
Client MIP
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28. ASN-GW CSN DHCP
SS Server
(DHCP Relay)
DHCP Discover
DHCP Discover
DHCP Offer
DHCP Offer
DHCP Request
DHCP Request
DHCP ACK
DHCP ACK
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29.  Normal mode
Power
Consumption
Initial data
transfer
29

30.  Sleep Mode
Power
Consumption
Initial data
transfer
30

31.  Idle Mode
Power
Consumption
Initial data
transfer
31

32. WiMax
Traffic
classes
UGS RT-VR NRT-VR BE ERT-VR
32

33.  UGS
 Unsolicitated Grant Service
 Fixed rate traffic
 You can’t request new more bandwidth once the
connection is setup
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34.  RT-VR
 Real time variable rate service
 Variable rate of traffic allows to change the
allocated burst sizes
 Rescheduling of bandwidth in any frame is
possible
34

35.  NRT-VR
 Non real time variable rate service
 Reservation of some guaranteed rate is
mandatory
 Delay in sensitive
35

36.  BE
 Best effort service
 Only the maximum data rate is defined
 Bandwidth depends on the resources in the cell at
a given time
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37.  ERT-VR
 Extended real time variable rate service
 According to data rate, rescheduling of the
bandwidth is possible
37

38. Unsolicited
Grant
Interval
Maximum
Minimum
Traffic
reserved
sustain
traffic rate
traffic rate
Tolerated QoS Maximum
Jitter latency
Profile
Unsolicited
Traffic
polling
priority
interval
Maximum
traffic
burst
38

39. Handover
Types
Hard Soft
Handover Handover
FBSS (Fast
Break Before Make Before
Regular BS
Make Break
Switching)
39

40.  Authentication
 For authentication X.509 certificate at the
subscriber station
 Privacy and Key Management (PKM) provides
service provider authentication
 IEEE 802.16e supports the Extensible
Authentication Protocol (Optional for service
providers)
40

41.  Encryption
 The AES cipher is available, provides strong
support to confidentiality of data traffic
 Management frames are not encrypted
41

42.  Three potential attacks open to adversaries,
 Rogue base station
 DoS attacks
 Man in middle attacks
 Network manipulation with spoofed management
frames
42

43. 43

44. The Opportunity in India
 Population: 1.15 Billion people
 India’s Tele-density
- Overall: 31%
 Rural: 8.8%
 Urban: 65%
 Broadband: 0.4%
 Internet: 4%
 500 Million phone connections by
year 2010
 High GDP Growth-8%
 Increased Income of middle class
(300M)
 PC Penetration: 2%
44

45. The Opportunity in India-Growth Pattern
Growth of Telephone Connections
Wireline Wireless Total
400
No. of Connections (in Millions)
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
Jan-08 Feb-08 Mar-08 Apr-08 May-08 Jun-08 Jul-08 Aug-08
Jan 2008 -Aug
2008
45

46. USD
0.05
0.15
0.25
0.1
0.2
0
Belgium
0.23
Italy
0.22
UK
0.19
France 0.17
Brazil
0.16
Philippines
0.11
Taiwan
0.11
Argentina
0.11
Malayasia
0.09
Hong Kong
0.05
Thailand
0.05
Pakistan
0.04
China
0.03
India
0.02
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47. India WiMAX Environment
 Deployment in 3.3-3.4 Ghz band only
 Most of the deployment are of proprietory
technology or 802.16 d version
 BSNL has already deployed WiMax ‘802.16 d’
version equipment in ten cities
 VSNL,Reliance and few other operators/ISPs have
also deployed WiMAX systems mainly for enterprise
customers
47

48. Challenges
 WiMAX 802.16 e technology is still
evolving.
 High WiMAX CPE cost
 Competitive/Alternate technologies-
3G,HSDPA,LTE, EVDO etc
 Low PC Penetration
 Less-availability of A.C. power in rural
areas
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49. “Future of eMobility”
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