Database Performance with Flash Storage

<Insert Picture Here>
Accelerating Database Application Performance
with Flash Storage Technology
Kostas Piperis
Senior Sales Consultant
Storage Products

© 2010 Oracle Corporation 2
The following is intended to outline our general
product direction. It is intended for information
purposes only, and may not be incorporated into any
contract. It is not a commitment to deliver any
material, code, or functionality, and should not be
relied upon in making purchasing decisions.
The development, release, and timing of any
features or functionality described for Oracle’s
products remains at the sole discretion of Oracle.

Agenda
• Database Storage Challenges
• Why Flash
• Oracle’s Flash Portfolio
• Oracle Flash Enabled Software
• Implementation Examples
• Conclusion and Next Steps

Server and Storage Discontinuity
CPUs Have Become I/O Starved
• Moore’s Law has out-stripped
improvements to disk drive technology
by two orders of magnitude during the
last decade
• Today’s servers are hopelessly
unbalanced between the CPUs need
for data and the HDDs ability to keep
up
HDD vs. CPU Relative Performance Improvement
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Why Applications Don’t Perform
Waiting for DATA
• Today’s Multi-Core,
Multi-Socket application server
design are increasingly held back
by slow storage
• When requesting data, the server
spends most of its
time waiting for storage
• Application performance remains
sluggish regardless of the
Server CPU horsepower
• The traditional remedy of
adding more DRAM or
“short-stroking” HDDs is
both expensive and inefficient
Server
High Performance
DRAM
Multi-Core,
Multi Socket CPUs
15K RPM Disk Drives
260
Times
Slower
Storage

New Storage Architecture
Server
Multi-Core,
Multi Socket CPUs
Flash
Storage
High
Performance
Flash Devices
High
Capacity
HDDs
Capacity
Expansion
High
Performance
DRAM
Performance
Affinity

Agenda
• Why Flash

Characteristics of Flash Storage
Delivers
Low
Latency
Provides
More
Throughput
Requires
Less
Power
Uses
Less
Space

Example: Flash vs. Disk
1.6M IOPS of HDDs:
18 racks
4,000 Disks
68 kWh
1 Flash Array
0.3 kWh
1.6M IOPS of Flash:
1 rack unit
Flash Saves 266X the Power and 756X the Rack Space

New Inflection Point in Storage
Flash costs less than HHDs for the same performance
15K HDD 7200 HDD SSD SLC SSD MLC
$/IOPS $5.00 $10.00 $0.07 $1.25
$-
$2.00
$4.00
$6.00
$8.00
$10.00
$12.00
$/IOPS

TCO Savings: Performance Compare
700K IOPS, 24x7, 3 Years
2000
88
946080
kWh
5782
kWh
4.5
AFR2.25
AFR
# of
Drives
Drive
Reliability
Power
Consumption
32GB SSD
300GB 15K HDD
“short-stroked”
$1.5M
$.1M $113K
$694 $10K$225
$1.6M
$.1M
Drive List
Price
TCOReplacement
Cost
Power
Cost
14X
163X
45X
15X

Agenda
• Why Flash

Oracle’s Software Driven Flash Strategy
Leverage Full Flash Value with Integrated Software
Host-Based
Software
Networked
Appliance
Block &
File
Database
ExaData
Database
Machine
Hybrid
Storage
Pools
Smart Flash
Cache, Adv.
Compression,
Partitioning
ZFS
Storage
Appliance
Flash Solutions
F5100
F20
F5100
F20
SSD

Flash Storage
Comprehensive Flash Storage Portfolio
Accelerate Your Application
Reduce Operating Costs
Flash Modules
Embedded in Servers and Flash Array
Flash Drives (2.5” & 3.5” SSDs)
Optional with Servers and Storage
Flash Controllers
Flash/HBA PCIe cards for Servers
Flash Array
Compact Storage Device
Sun Flash Storage Technology - delivering the highest
level of performance, durability and reliability

Oracle's Sun Storage F5100 Flash Array
World’s fastest, most efficient Flash Array
• Up to 1.6 million read IOPS in 1RU (1.75
inches)
• Equivalent of over 4000 FC Disk drives in 1RU
• Up to 1.92TB of flash storage capacity, uses
only 300 watts of power
• Accelerate database performance by 2x, while
reducing energy consumption by up to 100x

Flash Accelerator F20 PCIe Card
Turbocharge Applications Instantly
• Over 100,000 read IOPS per PCIe slot
• Equivalent of over 300 FC Disk drives per card
• Up to 96GB of flash storage capacity, uses only
16 watts of power
• Accelerate database performance linearly
• Protects data with advanced wear leveling and
without relying on batteries

Agenda
• Why Flash

Mid-Range Storage
• Fewer Shelves
Few I/O’s
Database Smart Flash Cache
Built into Oracle 11g R2
Database Smart Flash Cache
transparently extends buffer cache
• Order of magnitude larger
• Uses flash array or PCIe cards
• Cache eliminates most read I/Os
Benefits
• Fewer disks needed
• Less powerful array needed
• Better response time
• Big jobs run faster
• Lower power
• Significantly lower TCO
Buffer Cache
Enterprise Storage
Multiple Cabinets
Buffer Cache
Database
Smart
Flash
Cache
F20 or
F5100Many I/O’s
Oracle is the First Flash Optimized Database

Test Case – Inventory Transactions
• 93% Less Disks
• Cost reduced from $500K to $45K
• 33% More Throughput
• 88% Better Response Time
Add DB Smart
Flash Cache
- Short-stroked
- Unused capacity
…Storage Array, 180 Disks
2.1 sec
Response Time
35,000 I/Os per sec
to Disk Storage
.24 sec
Response Time
15 Disks
47,000 I/Os per sec
with 96GB
Smart Flash Cache
$10K
2800 I/Os per
sec to Disk
Storage
$500K Storage Array $35K Storage Array

DB Smart Flash Cache Innovations
Flash as Cache instead of disk replacement
• Automatically keeps hot data in flash
• Most of the benefits of storing everything on flash, for much less cost
Flash as Direct Attached Storage (DAS) or in Host
• Better response time by avoiding SAN & HW RAID array latencies
• Avoids throughput bottlenecks of SAN & HW RAID arrays
• Enables use of much faster F5100 DAS or F20 PCIe card
• Easy and low cost to add to existing systems – no fork-lift upgrade
Smart Caching instead of simple LRU
• Knows when to avoid caching scans to avoid flushing cache
• Maintains flash cache consistency across RAC nodes
• KEEP directive to force Table or Partition to be in flash
• Optional directive to help ensure predictable response times
• Much more targeted and useful than File or LUN directives

How Flash Cache Works
Setup
16 GB
Buffer Cache
3600 GB
Magnetic Disks
•Install flash drive in host
•Set two init.ora parameters:
• db_flash_cache_file = <file>
• Path to flash disk
• db_flash_cache_size=<size>
• Amount of flash to use
96GB F20
PCIe Flash
1.9TB F5100
Flash Array

How Flash Cache Works
Data Flow
16 GB
Buffer Cache
Hot Data
1. Blocks read
into buffer
cache
2. Dirty blocks flushed to disk
3600 GB
Magnetic Disks
Cold Data
3. Clean blocks
LRU’ed to
Flash Cache*
* Headers for Flash Cache
blocks kept in SGA
4. Database looks
for blocks first in
buffer cache then
flash cache
1.9TB Flash Array or
96GB Flash Card
Warm Data

ZFS
Software Integrated Flash Storage
Storage Appliance with Hybrid
Storage Pools (HSPs)
 Data is intelligently and automatically
migrated between DRAM, Flash and Disk
 Continuously optimizes storage system
performance and efficiency
 Simplifies management, transparently
managed as a single storage pool
“…Hybrid Storage Pools provide quite a lot of
cache-speed (or near cache-speed) access to
our Oracle data…HSPs were very important
in our decision to go forward with the purchase
of those machines.”
– David Robillard, UNIX Team Leader and Oracle DBA,
Notarius
DRAM
Scalable
Deep SATA
Storage
Pool
Write/
ZIL
Flash
Read/
L2ARC
Flash

Breakthrough Storage Economics
• Gain up to 60% cost savings
• Speed - Get up to 10x better
price/performance
• Reduce operational costs with simple
data management
• No additional software license fees
• Lower storage capacity needs by 50-
80% with the combination of
Deduplication and Compression
• Enjoy a Single Point of Contact (SPOC)
with Oracle Services
Sun Storage 7000 Systems
Sun Storage
7410

Agenda
• Why Flash

Existing Deployment
Attach F5100 Flash Array
Rebuild Indexes on F5100
Point to F5100 Indexes and Go!
F5100 For 10g Database Indexes
Run your database twice as fast
• Value in migrating indexes onto F5100:
• 2x faster response time
• 2x faster throughput
• 2x faster transaction times

Flash Array as add-on DB Accelerator
2x better throughput. Cut transaction times in half
Sequential blocked index accesses
15 ms w/disk
to 1.5 ms w/flash:
10x improvement!
Indexes
F5100
Flash Array
Easy to Deploy: New/Existing Environments
F5100 Flash Array

Performance
Proof Point – OLTP Response Time: Flash vs. Disk (FC)
Source: Sun Application Integration Engineering
• Flash acceleration
• 10x faster transaction
times
• 2x the overall application
performance
• Greater transactional
scalability
(Milliseconds)

Scalability
Proof Point - OLTP Performance: Flash vs. Disk (FC)
Source: Sun Application Integration Engineering
• Service level time savings
equals more transactions
processed
• Flash enhanced scalability
• Over 2½ the workload
• In half the response time
5X MORE
Transactions
TIME
WORKLOAD
On Line Transaction Processing - service performance testing:
Oracle 11g on Sun F5100 + both the Sun SPARC® & x86/x64
Server platforms

Speed Up Application Performance
• Oracle PeopleSoft Enterprise Payroll 9.0*
– Sun's M4000 server with F5100 processing 240,000 employee
payroll (checks and advises.)
– 81% faster and up to 10x better latency response compared to
traditional fibre channel (FC) disks
* This benchmark represents typical batch workload for a larger organization processing employee payroll
World Record @ 240,000
Employee
Benchmark result!
55% better than next best
result

F5100 Flash Array
World Record Performance
OLTP (TPC-C)
HCM (PeopleSoft Payroll 9.0)
Storage Performance (SPC-1C 7X IBM)

World's fastest system for Data Warehousing and Online Transaction Processing.
A huge leap in performance over the competition and Oracle's previous Exadata:
• 20x increase in random I/O
• 5x speedup in I/O bandwidth with Sun F20 FlashFire Technology
• 2x the compute and network performance capacity
F20 Application Example:
Oracle Exadata V2 – Smart Flash Cache
World's fastest database machine
uses Sun FlashFire Technology
Over 5TB of Flash Cache
(Up to 14 servers with 4 x
F20 Flash cards each in a
single rack)

Agenda
• Why Flash

Why Flash – Business Value
Time is Money. Applications and Business can't wait for data.
Changing old
storage
paradigms with
Flash technology
Experience
More
Performance
with less power
and space
requirements
• Accelerate applications, increase
productivity and business
response
• Reduce latency, eliminate storage
IO bottlenecks
• Lower Power and cooling costs
• Improving space utilization
• Optimize performance and scaling
with less cost
• Improve efficiency, reduce TCO

Oracle’s Storage Portfolio
Optimized offerings for every Storage Tier
PRIMARY AND SECONDARY STORAGE
STORAGE SOFTWARE
DISKFLASH
Sun SAM/QFSSun DTrace Analytics StorageTek ACSLSSun CAM
StorageTek ELS
BackupSun Lustre
Sun Hybrid Storage PoolsOracle Solaris ZFS Crypto Key Mgmt.
TAPE
LONG TERM STORAGE
Unified Storage

Next Steps
Learn More
 Download the Sun Flash Resource Kit
 http://www.oracle.com/goto/openstorage/flashrk
 Visit the Flash Technology Product Pages on Oracle.com
 Data Sheets
 White Papers
 Examine more benchmark results
 http://www.oracle.com/benchmark

Database Performance with Flash Storage

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