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Scientific writing
1. Scientific Writing
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Dr. Daxaben Mehta
Principal, Smt. S. C. U. Shah Home Science
And C.U.Shah Arts &Commerce Mahila College
Wadhwancity, Dist: Surendranagar
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2. Scientific Writing
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Types of Scientific Publication
Outline
Language
Structure & Preparation of a Paper
Title - Author
Abstract
Key words
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3. Types of Scientific
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Publication
Oral presentations
Written presentations
Books and book chapters
Review papers Journal articles
Science magazines, Newspaper articles
Writing for Grants
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4. For
Types of Scientific
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Publication
Extension leaflets and posters
Conference posters
Annual reports, quarterly reports and project
reports, Conference abstracts
Conference/Workshop proceedings
Letter to journals and book reviews
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5. Outline
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Description Of An Outline
Value Of The Outline
Developing The Outline
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Language Broadcasting
LOGO
Language Simple
accurate
Precise
Brevity
Grammar
Active voice
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7. Structure of a Paper
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Introduction
Materials & Methods
Results – Tables & Figures
Discussion Conclusion
References
Acknowledgements
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8. For
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Structure of a Paper Broadcasting
LOGO
The major sections required in a paper are
often abbreviated in the acronym “IMRaD”
meaning;
Introduction, Methodology (Materials and
Methods), Results, and Discussion. Other
sections are clearly necessary (a title,
abstract, references, etc.)
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9. Thesis
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Main difference is the style and layout-Monograph
Use university guidelines
Extended literature review
Main body split into sections/chapters
A chapter on methodology
Discussion - Compare results with previous
publications Discuss implications
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10. For
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Writing for Grants Broadcasting
LOGO
Research outline
Synopsis of research
Plan of research
Research/project proposal
Thesis plan
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11. Research Proposal
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Regardless of your research area and the
methodology you choose, all research proposals
must address the following questions:
What you plan to accomplish
why you want to do it and
how you are going to do it.
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12. Research Proposal
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The (Longer) Standard Model
A Basic Proposal Outline:
Introduction
Topic area
Research question
Significance to knowledge
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13. Research Proposal
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Literature review
Previous research others & yours
Interlocking findings and Unanswered questions
Your preliminary work on the topic
The remaining questions and inter-locking logic
Reprise of your research question(s) in this context
•
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14. Research Proposal
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Methodology
Approach - Data needs
Analytic techniques
Plan for interpreting results Expected results
Discussion and Conclusion
Budget and Bibliography (or References)
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15. For
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Elements of Research Broadcasting
LOGO
Video
Proposal
• Title
• Introduction
• Statement of the problem
• Rationale/justification/significance of the research
• Scope and limitations of the study
• Review of literature
• Objectives of the research
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16. For
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Elements of Research Broadcasting
LOGO
Proposal
Video
• Operational definitions of terms used
• Hypothesis - Methodology Used
• Time schedule/work plan
• Budget/estimated cost built up
• Organization of the report/chapter outline
• Bibliography/References
• Conclusions - Appendix
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17. For
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Elements of Research Broadcasting
LOGO
Video
Proposal
Title
First page – title of the research; researcher’s name;
name of institute/organization where the researcher
belongs; name of the sponsoring organization, name of
the supervisor, co-supervisor; date; etc
In selecting the title, the following points should be
taken care of:
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18. Title
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Reflect the theme of the research
Be self-explanatory
Be brief
Language be simple and unambiguous
Be specific to a particular domain
Bracket; arithmetic figures, etc be avoided
Avoid confusing meaning
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19. For
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Introduction Broadcasting
LOGO
Introduction
Thereoretical background
Background of the problem
Etc
Statement of the problem
Definition
Nature
Extent
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20. Rationale
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Rationale/justification/significance of the research
Importance
Addressing the national context problem
Bridging the knowledge gaps
Useful to the society/community
Present state of affairs
Affected stakeholders
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21. For
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Scope Broadcasting
LOGO
Scope and limitations of the study
Boundaries of the research
Aspects and issues addressed
Shortcomings of the research –
resource and time constraints
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22. Review of literature
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Researches so conducted; vital information
Issues discussed; unaddressed issues
Relevancy to the present research
Finding out information/knowledge gaps
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23. For
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Objectives of the research Broadcasting
LOGO
• Contextual/consistent to the title
• Concise, clear-cut, expressed in simple
language, precise, self-explanatory
• Distinctive, quantifiable , measurable
• Two types of objectives : general/broad/overall;
specific
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24. Hypothesis
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Operational definitions of terms used
Clear-cut meaning of the terms used
Hypothesis
Proposition subject to verification
May be null, accepted, rejected
Guide/lead the research
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25. Methodology
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Selection of appropriate approach
Tools/techniques to be used
Data collection techniques
Data processing, analysis, interpretation
techniques
Data/information presentation techniques
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26. Work Plan Budget
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Time schedule/work plan
Time line of the assigned tasks
Time line of the resource flow – 3Ms
Budget/estimated cost built up
Cost built up – resource personnel, support staff,
stationery, transport, utilities, house rents,
miscellaneous, etc
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27. Organization
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Organization of the report/chapter outline
Outline of the dissertation/report
Four major parts of the report: introductory,
findings and discussion, summary, and
conclusion
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28. Organization
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Desired share Acceptable share
Part (%) (%)
Introductory 10 15
Findings and 80 70
Discussion
Summary and 10 15
Conclusion
Total anything here
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29. Bibliography
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Bibliography/References
Related documents to be consulted/studies
Follow technicalities in writing Bibliography/references
To be presented in alphabetic order
To be presented in classified manner viz.,
manuscripts, books, journals, commission reports,
newspapers, etc
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30. Conclusion
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State about the feasibility of the proposed
research/study
Upcoming challenges
Upcoming treats, difficulties, hindrances
Make a conclusive remak
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31. For Broadcasting
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Video Tips and Tricks LOGO
• Read and read - Take notes
• Talk to supervisors, experts, fellows
• Write topics and topics
• Get confused, get afraid
• Generate a number of research questions
• Systematize research questions
• Cut down these in line with your coherent thinkings
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32. Common Mistakes
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• To provide context to frame research question(s)
• To delimit the boundary of research issue(s)
• To cite landmark studies undertaken so far
• To present accurate theoretical background of the
study
• To focus the research questions(s)
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33. Common Mistakes
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• To develop coherent and persuasive arguments
• Too much detailed or too much short on major
issues
• Too much rambling – going all over without clear
cut sense of direction
• Incorrect citation/references
• Too long writetoo short
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34. DOs and DO NOTs
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• DO
Produce/prepare a professional looking proposal
Make it interesting
Make it informative, meaningful
Write easy way to read
Present content in a page
Use clear headings/sub-headings
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35. DOs and DO NOTs
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• DO
Be concise, precise
Check spelling, grammar
Present in accurate/acceptable format
DO NOTs
Use no ward which you do not understand
Use of difficult ward unimpressive to the readers/
supervisor/ authoruty
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36. Scientific Writing
For Broadcasting
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