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Scientific Writing
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               Dr. Daxaben Mehta
  Principal, Smt. S. C. U. Shah Home Science
 And C.U.Shah Arts &Commerce Mahila College
        Wadhwancity, Dist: Surendranagar
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Scientific Writing
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              Types of Scientific Publication
              Outline
              Language
              Structure & Preparation of a Paper
              Title - Author
              Abstract
              Key words
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Types of Scientific
    For                                                          Broadcasting
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                           Publication
         Oral presentations
         Written presentations
         Books and book chapters
         Review papers Journal articles
         Science magazines, Newspaper articles
         Writing for Grants
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For
                         Types of Scientific
                                                                 Broadcasting
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                             Publication
 Extension leaflets and posters
 Conference posters
 Annual reports, quarterly reports and project
 reports, Conference abstracts
 Conference/Workshop proceedings
 Letter to journals and book reviews
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Outline
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      Description Of An Outline
      Value Of The Outline
      Developing The Outline

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For
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                           Language                              Broadcasting
                                                                    LOGO




                Language Simple
                accurate
                Precise
                Brevity
                Grammar
                Active voice
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Structure of a Paper
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              Introduction
              Materials & Methods
              Results – Tables & Figures
              Discussion Conclusion
              References
              Acknowledgements
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                    Structure of a Paper                         Broadcasting
                                                                    LOGO




    The major sections required in a paper are
    often abbreviated in the acronym “IMRaD”
    meaning;
    Introduction, Methodology (Materials and
    Methods), Results, and Discussion. Other
    sections are clearly necessary (a title,
    abstract, references, etc.)
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Thesis
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Main difference is the style and layout-Monograph
Use university guidelines
Extended literature review
Main body split into sections/chapters
A chapter on methodology
Discussion - Compare results with previous
publications Discuss implications
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For
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                      Writing for Grants                         Broadcasting
                                                                    LOGO




        Research outline
        Synopsis of research
        Plan of research
        Research/project proposal
        Thesis plan
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Research Proposal
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Regardless of your research area and the
methodology you choose, all research proposals
must address the following questions:
What you plan to accomplish
why you want to do it and
how you are going to do it.
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Research Proposal
    For                                                          Broadcasting
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 The (Longer) Standard Model
 A Basic Proposal Outline:
   Introduction
    Topic area
    Research question
    Significance to knowledge
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Research Proposal
        For                                                          Broadcasting
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      Video



Literature review
   Previous research others & yours
   Interlocking findings and Unanswered questions
   Your preliminary work on the topic
   The remaining questions and inter-locking logic
   Reprise of your research question(s) in this context
•
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Research Proposal
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         Methodology
  Approach - Data needs
  Analytic techniques
   Plan for interpreting results Expected results
  Discussion and Conclusion
  Budget and Bibliography (or References)
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For
Mixing your
                 Elements of Research                            Broadcasting
                                                                    LOGO
  Video

                       Proposal
 •   Title
 •   Introduction
 •   Statement of the problem
 •   Rationale/justification/significance of the research
 •   Scope and limitations of the study
 •   Review of literature
 •   Objectives of the research
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For
Mixing your
                 Elements of Research                            Broadcasting
                                                                    LOGO

                       Proposal
  Video



 •   Operational definitions of terms used
 •   Hypothesis - Methodology Used
 •   Time schedule/work plan
 •   Budget/estimated cost built up
 • Organization of the report/chapter outline
 • Bibliography/References
 • Conclusions - Appendix
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For
Mixing your
                 Elements of Research                            Broadcasting
                                                                    LOGO
  Video

                       Proposal
Title
First page – title of the research; researcher’s name;
name of institute/organization where the researcher
belongs; name of the sponsoring organization, name of
the supervisor, co-supervisor; date; etc
In selecting the title, the following points should be
taken care of:
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Title
    For                                                              Broadcasting
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 Reflect the theme of the research
 Be self-explanatory
 Be brief
 Language be simple and unambiguous
 Be specific to a particular domain
 Bracket; arithmetic figures, etc be avoided
 Avoid confusing meaning
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 
For
Mixing your
  Video
                             Introduction                        Broadcasting
                                                                    LOGO

                 Introduction
Thereoretical background
Background of the problem
Etc
         Statement of the problem
Definition
Nature
Extent
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Rationale
    For                                                          Broadcasting
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 Rationale/justification/significance of the research
 Importance
 Addressing the national context problem
 Bridging the knowledge gaps
 Useful to the society/community
 Present state of affairs
 Affected stakeholders
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For
Mixing your
  Video
                                     Scope                           Broadcasting
                                                                        LOGO




 Scope and limitations of the study
 Boundaries of the research
 Aspects and issues addressed
 Shortcomings of the research –
 resource and time constraints
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Review of literature
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 Researches so conducted; vital information
 Issues discussed; unaddressed issues
 Relevancy to the present research
 Finding out information/knowledge gaps


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For
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  Video
              Objectives of the research                         Broadcasting
                                                                    LOGO




• Contextual/consistent to the title
• Concise, clear-cut, expressed in simple
  language, precise, self-explanatory
• Distinctive, quantifiable , measurable
• Two types of objectives : general/broad/overall;
  specific
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Hypothesis
    For                                                          Broadcasting
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 Operational definitions of terms used
 Clear-cut meaning of the terms used
 Hypothesis
 Proposition subject to verification
 May be null, accepted, rejected
 Guide/lead the research
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Methodology
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 Selection of appropriate approach
 Tools/techniques to be used
 Data collection techniques
 Data processing, analysis, interpretation
 techniques
 Data/information presentation techniques
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Work Plan Budget
    For                                                          Broadcasting
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 Time schedule/work plan
 Time line of the assigned tasks
  Time line of the resource flow – 3Ms
 Budget/estimated cost built up
 Cost built up – resource personnel, support staff,
 stationery, transport, utilities, house rents,
 miscellaneous, etc
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Organization
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 Organization of the report/chapter outline
 Outline of the dissertation/report
 Four major parts of the report: introductory,
 findings and discussion, summary, and
       conclusion

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Organization
    For                                                 Broadcasting
Mixing your                                                LOGO
  Video


                         Desired share        Acceptable share
       Part                  (%)                   (%)
   Introductory               10                    15
   Findings and              80                        70
    Discussion
   Summary and                10                       15
    Conclusion
       Total anything here
       Don’t write           100Don’t write anything here100
Bibliography
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Bibliography/References
Related documents to be consulted/studies
Follow technicalities in writing Bibliography/references
To be presented in alphabetic order
To be presented in classified manner viz.,
manuscripts, books, journals, commission reports,
newspapers, etc
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Conclusion
    For                                                          Broadcasting
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 State about the feasibility of the proposed
 research/study
 Upcoming challenges
 Upcoming treats, difficulties, hindrances
 Make a conclusive remak

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For                                                          Broadcasting
Mixing your
  Video                 Tips and Tricks                             LOGO




 •   Read and read - Take notes
 •   Talk to supervisors, experts, fellows
 •   Write topics and topics
 •   Get confused, get afraid
 •   Generate a number of research questions
 •   Systematize research questions
 •   Cut down these in line with your coherent thinkings
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Common Mistakes
      For                                                          Broadcasting
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    Video


• To provide context to frame research question(s)
• To delimit the boundary of research issue(s)
• To cite landmark studies undertaken so far
• To present accurate theoretical background of the
  study
• To focus the research questions(s)
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Common Mistakes
      For                                          Broadcasting
  Mixing your                                         LOGO
    Video


• To develop coherent and persuasive arguments
• Too much detailed or too much short on major
  issues
• Too much rambling – going all over without clear
  cut sense of direction
• Incorrect citation/references
• Too long writetoo short
         Don’t
               or anything here Don’t write anything here
DOs and DO NOTs
    For                                                          Broadcasting
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 • DO
 Produce/prepare a professional looking proposal
 Make it interesting
 Make it informative, meaningful
 Write easy way to read
 Present content in a page
 Use clear headings/sub-headings
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DOs and DO NOTs
    For                                                          Broadcasting
Mixing your                                                         LOGO
  Video


• DO
Be concise, precise
Check spelling, grammar
Present in accurate/acceptable format
DO NOTs
Use no ward which you do not understand
Use of difficult ward unimpressive to the readers/
supervisor/ authoruty
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Scientific Writing
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         Don’t write anything here   Don’t write anything here

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Scientific writing

  • 1. Scientific Writing For Broadcasting Mixing your LOGO Video Dr. Daxaben Mehta Principal, Smt. S. C. U. Shah Home Science And C.U.Shah Arts &Commerce Mahila College Wadhwancity, Dist: Surendranagar Don’t write anything here Don’t write anything here
  • 2. Scientific Writing For Broadcasting Mixing your LOGO Video Types of Scientific Publication Outline Language Structure & Preparation of a Paper Title - Author Abstract Key words Don’t write anything here Don’t write anything here
  • 3. Types of Scientific For Broadcasting Mixing your LOGO Video Publication Oral presentations Written presentations Books and book chapters Review papers Journal articles Science magazines, Newspaper articles Writing for Grants Don’t write anything here Don’t write anything here
  • 4. For Types of Scientific Broadcasting Mixing your LOGO Video Publication Extension leaflets and posters Conference posters Annual reports, quarterly reports and project reports, Conference abstracts Conference/Workshop proceedings Letter to journals and book reviews Don’t write anything here Don’t write anything here
  • 5. Outline For Broadcasting Mixing your LOGO Video Description Of An Outline Value Of The Outline Developing The Outline Don’t write anything here Don’t write anything here
  • 6. For Mixing your Video Language Broadcasting LOGO Language Simple accurate Precise Brevity Grammar Active voice Don’t write anything here Don’t write anything here
  • 7. Structure of a Paper For Broadcasting Mixing your LOGO Video Introduction Materials & Methods Results – Tables & Figures Discussion Conclusion References Acknowledgements Don’t write anything here Don’t write anything here
  • 8. For Mixing your Video Structure of a Paper Broadcasting LOGO The major sections required in a paper are often abbreviated in the acronym “IMRaD” meaning; Introduction, Methodology (Materials and Methods), Results, and Discussion. Other sections are clearly necessary (a title, abstract, references, etc.) Don’t write anything here Don’t write anything here
  • 9. Thesis For Broadcasting Mixing your LOGO Video Main difference is the style and layout-Monograph Use university guidelines Extended literature review Main body split into sections/chapters A chapter on methodology Discussion - Compare results with previous publications Discuss implications Don’t write anything here Don’t write anything here
  • 10. For Mixing your Video Writing for Grants Broadcasting LOGO Research outline Synopsis of research Plan of research Research/project proposal Thesis plan Don’t write anything here Don’t write anything here
  • 11. Research Proposal For Broadcasting Mixing your LOGO Video Regardless of your research area and the methodology you choose, all research proposals must address the following questions: What you plan to accomplish why you want to do it and how you are going to do it. Don’t write anything here Don’t write anything here
  • 12. Research Proposal For Broadcasting Mixing your LOGO Video The (Longer) Standard Model A Basic Proposal Outline: Introduction  Topic area  Research question  Significance to knowledge Don’t write anything here Don’t write anything here
  • 13. Research Proposal For Broadcasting Mixing your LOGO Video Literature review  Previous research others & yours  Interlocking findings and Unanswered questions  Your preliminary work on the topic  The remaining questions and inter-locking logic  Reprise of your research question(s) in this context • Don’t write anything here Don’t write anything here
  • 14. Research Proposal For Broadcasting Mixing your LOGO Video Methodology Approach - Data needs Analytic techniques  Plan for interpreting results Expected results Discussion and Conclusion Budget and Bibliography (or References) Don’t write anything here Don’t write anything here
  • 15. For Mixing your Elements of Research Broadcasting LOGO Video Proposal • Title • Introduction • Statement of the problem • Rationale/justification/significance of the research • Scope and limitations of the study • Review of literature • Objectives of the research Don’t write anything here Don’t write anything here
  • 16. For Mixing your Elements of Research Broadcasting LOGO Proposal Video • Operational definitions of terms used • Hypothesis - Methodology Used • Time schedule/work plan • Budget/estimated cost built up • Organization of the report/chapter outline • Bibliography/References • Conclusions - Appendix Don’t write anything here Don’t write anything here
  • 17. For Mixing your Elements of Research Broadcasting LOGO Video Proposal Title First page – title of the research; researcher’s name; name of institute/organization where the researcher belongs; name of the sponsoring organization, name of the supervisor, co-supervisor; date; etc In selecting the title, the following points should be taken care of: Don’t write anything here Don’t write anything here
  • 18. Title For Broadcasting Mixing your LOGO Video Reflect the theme of the research Be self-explanatory Be brief Language be simple and unambiguous Be specific to a particular domain Bracket; arithmetic figures, etc be avoided Avoid confusing meaning Don’t write anything here Don’t write anything here 
  • 19. For Mixing your Video Introduction Broadcasting LOGO Introduction Thereoretical background Background of the problem Etc Statement of the problem Definition Nature Extent Don’t write anything here Don’t write anything here
  • 20. Rationale For Broadcasting Mixing your LOGO Video Rationale/justification/significance of the research Importance Addressing the national context problem Bridging the knowledge gaps Useful to the society/community Present state of affairs Affected stakeholders Don’t write anything here Don’t write anything here
  • 21. For Mixing your Video Scope Broadcasting LOGO Scope and limitations of the study Boundaries of the research Aspects and issues addressed Shortcomings of the research – resource and time constraints Don’t write anything here Don’t write anything here
  • 22. Review of literature For Broadcasting Mixing your LOGO Video Researches so conducted; vital information Issues discussed; unaddressed issues Relevancy to the present research Finding out information/knowledge gaps Don’t write anything here Don’t write anything here
  • 23. For Mixing your Video Objectives of the research Broadcasting LOGO • Contextual/consistent to the title • Concise, clear-cut, expressed in simple language, precise, self-explanatory • Distinctive, quantifiable , measurable • Two types of objectives : general/broad/overall; specific Don’t write anything here Don’t write anything here
  • 24. Hypothesis For Broadcasting Mixing your LOGO Video Operational definitions of terms used Clear-cut meaning of the terms used Hypothesis Proposition subject to verification May be null, accepted, rejected Guide/lead the research Don’t write anything here Don’t write anything here
  • 25. Methodology For Broadcasting Mixing your LOGO Video Selection of appropriate approach Tools/techniques to be used Data collection techniques Data processing, analysis, interpretation techniques Data/information presentation techniques Don’t write anything here Don’t write anything here
  • 26. Work Plan Budget For Broadcasting Mixing your LOGO Video Time schedule/work plan Time line of the assigned tasks  Time line of the resource flow – 3Ms Budget/estimated cost built up Cost built up – resource personnel, support staff, stationery, transport, utilities, house rents, miscellaneous, etc Don’t write anything here Don’t write anything here
  • 27. Organization For Broadcasting Mixing your LOGO Video Organization of the report/chapter outline Outline of the dissertation/report Four major parts of the report: introductory, findings and discussion, summary, and conclusion Don’t write anything here Don’t write anything here
  • 28. Organization For Broadcasting Mixing your LOGO Video Desired share Acceptable share Part (%) (%) Introductory 10 15 Findings and 80 70 Discussion Summary and 10 15 Conclusion Total anything here Don’t write 100Don’t write anything here100
  • 29. Bibliography For Broadcasting Mixing your LOGO Video Bibliography/References Related documents to be consulted/studies Follow technicalities in writing Bibliography/references To be presented in alphabetic order To be presented in classified manner viz., manuscripts, books, journals, commission reports, newspapers, etc Don’t write anything here Don’t write anything here
  • 30. Conclusion For Broadcasting Mixing your LOGO Video State about the feasibility of the proposed research/study Upcoming challenges Upcoming treats, difficulties, hindrances Make a conclusive remak Don’t write anything here Don’t write anything here
  • 31. For Broadcasting Mixing your Video Tips and Tricks LOGO • Read and read - Take notes • Talk to supervisors, experts, fellows • Write topics and topics • Get confused, get afraid • Generate a number of research questions • Systematize research questions • Cut down these in line with your coherent thinkings Don’t write anything here Don’t write anything here
  • 32. Common Mistakes For Broadcasting Mixing your LOGO Video • To provide context to frame research question(s) • To delimit the boundary of research issue(s) • To cite landmark studies undertaken so far • To present accurate theoretical background of the study • To focus the research questions(s) Don’t write anything here Don’t write anything here
  • 33. Common Mistakes For Broadcasting Mixing your LOGO Video • To develop coherent and persuasive arguments • Too much detailed or too much short on major issues • Too much rambling – going all over without clear cut sense of direction • Incorrect citation/references • Too long writetoo short Don’t or anything here Don’t write anything here
  • 34. DOs and DO NOTs For Broadcasting Mixing your LOGO Video • DO Produce/prepare a professional looking proposal Make it interesting Make it informative, meaningful Write easy way to read Present content in a page Use clear headings/sub-headings Don’t write anything here Don’t write anything here
  • 35. DOs and DO NOTs For Broadcasting Mixing your LOGO Video • DO Be concise, precise Check spelling, grammar Present in accurate/acceptable format DO NOTs Use no ward which you do not understand Use of difficult ward unimpressive to the readers/ supervisor/ authoruty Don’t write anything here Don’t write anything here
  • 36. Scientific Writing For Broadcasting Mixing your LOGO Video Don’t write anything here Don’t write anything here