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Thanks to Susan Pojer at Horace Greely HS for the basis
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The Road to Revolution
 Economic theory that bases a nations wealth on
the amount of gold and bullion in its treasury
 Raw materials were exported from colonies in
order for the mother country to make a profit
 Each nation tried to have more goods coming in
than going out. This was called a “favorable
balance of trade.”
Mercantile System
Mercantile System:
Triangular Trade
• Power derived from a nation’s wealth
• Colonies were necessary for economic growth
• Nations had to control the commerce of their
colonies
• First Navigation Act, 1651
– Balance of trade
– Rules governing which goods could enter English ports and
on which ships
– Rules governing nationality of captain and crew of ships
– Generated opposition in the colonies
Mercantilism as a
Moral Revolution
• Navigation Act of 1660
– All colonial trade had to be carried
out on English ships
– New rules on nationality of captain
and crew of ships
– Listed goods that could be shipped
from the colonies ONLY to England
or another English colony
– Navigation Acts were tremendously
successful at displacing the Dutch
and establishing English hegemony
over the Atlantic trade
• Staple Act of 1663
– Regulated goods going to colonies
Mercantilism
• Plantation Duty Act of 1673
– The Plantation Duty Act limited American trade
– Attempted to force planters to trade exclusively with England and
her colonies and to redirect revenue to Great Britain.
– Three provisions:
1. Put a penny tax on each pound of tobacco.
2. Required a five-shilling tax for every hundred weight of sugar.
3. Collectors were appointed in the colonies. This meant that, for the
first time in history, the British government placed a revenue-
collecting administration in British North America.
 Widely hated across the British Empire. Merchants on both
sides of the Atlantic felt it targeted them unfairly.
Mercantilism
• James II replaced by William
and Mary
• Upheavals in many American
colonies. End result:
– No more colonial self-government.
Imposed representative govt. in all
colonies answering to crown.
– Religious toleration imposed on
the Puritans
– England regulated and enforced
Atlantic trade, but could not
effectively enforce inland trade.
Crisis in England:
The Glorious
Revolution
• Abandoned rigid inheritance
and familial patterns of England
• Adhered to patriarchal family
and society structure
– Primogeniture
• Households interdependent
within society, tried to be self-
sufficient
• Householders exerted
independence in larger political
society
• Independence influenced
military affairs as few felt
compelled to serve unless it
was in their own interests
Changing Face of
Americans
• African slave trade reached its
peak between 1730 and 1775
– Transformed political life, as great
planters assumed leadership
positions
– Rice Planters of Carolina became
richest members of colonial society
Expansion &
Regionalism in
Colonies
• Life for slaves in Upper South
– Utilized gang system to supervise
slaves
– A small percentage of slaves
learned skills
– Encouraged family life among
slaves
• Life for slaves in Lower South
– Utilized task system of slave
supervision
– Relied on white artisans for
manufactured products
– Slaves in deep South slower to
assimilate into the British world
Expansion &
Regionalism in
Colonies
• Most pluralistic region of
North America from the
start
• Ireland and Germany main
sources of immigrants
after 1720
• New immigrants populated
backcountry and created
distinct society there
– Violent, heavy drinking
– Hated Indians
The Mid-Atlantic
Colonies
• Economy weakened after
colonial wars ended in 1713
• Molasses act of 1733
– Imposed tax on West Indies
molasses
– Increased bribery and smuggling
• Region made its mark on
Atlantic commerce through
shipbuilding
• Massachusetts invented fiat
money in 1690
– Problems with depreciation
New England: Faltering
Economy
& Paper Money
Tar and Feathering
The Boston MassacreThe Boston Massacre
((March 5,1770March 5,1770 ))
The Gaspee IncidentThe Gaspee Incident
(1772)(1772)
Providence, RI coastProvidence, RI coast
CommitteesCommittees
of Correspondenceof Correspondence
PurposePurpose  warn neighboring colonieswarn neighboring colonies
about incidents with Br.about incidents with Br.
 broaden the resistancebroaden the resistance
movement.movement.
Tea ActTea Act (1773)(1773)
8 British East India Co.:British East India Co.:
 Monopoly on Br. teaMonopoly on Br. tea
imports.imports.
 Many members ofMany members of
Parl. held shares.Parl. held shares.
 Permitted the Co. toPermitted the Co. to
sell tea directly tosell tea directly to
cols. without col.cols. without col.
middlemenmiddlemen
(cheaper tea!)(cheaper tea!)
8 North expected theNorth expected the
cols. to eagerly choosecols. to eagerly choose
the cheaper tea.the cheaper tea.
Boston Tea PartyBoston Tea Party
(1773)(1773)
The Coercive orThe Coercive or
IntolerableIntolerable
ActsActs (1774)(1774)
Lord NorthLord North
1.1. Port BillPort Bill
2.2. Government ActGovernment Act
4.4. Administration ofAdministration of
Justice ActJustice Act
3.3. New QuarteringNew Quartering
ActAct
The Quebec ActThe Quebec Act (1774)(1774)
First ContinentalFirst Continental
CongressCongress (1774)(1774)55 delegates from 12 colonies55 delegates from 12 colonies
AgendaAgenda  How toHow to
respond to therespond to the
Coercive Acts &Coercive Acts &
the Quebec Act?the Quebec Act?
1 vote per colony1 vote per colony
represented.represented.
The British AreThe British Are
ComingComing . . .. . .
Paul ReverePaul Revere && William DawesWilliam Dawes make theirmake their
midnight ride to warn themidnight ride to warn the MinutemenMinutemen ofof
approaching British soldiers.approaching British soldiers.
The Shot HeardThe Shot Heard
’’Round the WorldRound the World!!
LexingtonLexington && ConcordConcord – April 18,1775– April 18,1775
The SecondThe Second
Continental CongressContinental Congress
(1775)(1775)
Olive Branch PetitionOlive Branch Petition
The Road to Revolution
Thomas PaineThomas Paine::
Common SenseCommon Sense
Declaration ofDeclaration of
IndependenceIndependence (1776)(1776)
Declaration ofDeclaration of
IndependenceIndependence
Independence HallIndependence Hall
NewNew
NationalNational
SymbolsSymbols

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The Road to Revolution

  • 1. Thanks to Susan Pojer at Horace Greely HS for the basis of this Powerpoint presentation!
  • 3.  Economic theory that bases a nations wealth on the amount of gold and bullion in its treasury  Raw materials were exported from colonies in order for the mother country to make a profit  Each nation tried to have more goods coming in than going out. This was called a “favorable balance of trade.” Mercantile System
  • 5. • Power derived from a nation’s wealth • Colonies were necessary for economic growth • Nations had to control the commerce of their colonies • First Navigation Act, 1651 – Balance of trade – Rules governing which goods could enter English ports and on which ships – Rules governing nationality of captain and crew of ships – Generated opposition in the colonies Mercantilism as a Moral Revolution
  • 6. • Navigation Act of 1660 – All colonial trade had to be carried out on English ships – New rules on nationality of captain and crew of ships – Listed goods that could be shipped from the colonies ONLY to England or another English colony – Navigation Acts were tremendously successful at displacing the Dutch and establishing English hegemony over the Atlantic trade • Staple Act of 1663 – Regulated goods going to colonies Mercantilism
  • 7. • Plantation Duty Act of 1673 – The Plantation Duty Act limited American trade – Attempted to force planters to trade exclusively with England and her colonies and to redirect revenue to Great Britain. – Three provisions: 1. Put a penny tax on each pound of tobacco. 2. Required a five-shilling tax for every hundred weight of sugar. 3. Collectors were appointed in the colonies. This meant that, for the first time in history, the British government placed a revenue- collecting administration in British North America.  Widely hated across the British Empire. Merchants on both sides of the Atlantic felt it targeted them unfairly. Mercantilism
  • 8. • James II replaced by William and Mary • Upheavals in many American colonies. End result: – No more colonial self-government. Imposed representative govt. in all colonies answering to crown. – Religious toleration imposed on the Puritans – England regulated and enforced Atlantic trade, but could not effectively enforce inland trade. Crisis in England: The Glorious Revolution
  • 9. • Abandoned rigid inheritance and familial patterns of England • Adhered to patriarchal family and society structure – Primogeniture • Households interdependent within society, tried to be self- sufficient • Householders exerted independence in larger political society • Independence influenced military affairs as few felt compelled to serve unless it was in their own interests Changing Face of Americans
  • 10. • African slave trade reached its peak between 1730 and 1775 – Transformed political life, as great planters assumed leadership positions – Rice Planters of Carolina became richest members of colonial society Expansion & Regionalism in Colonies
  • 11. • Life for slaves in Upper South – Utilized gang system to supervise slaves – A small percentage of slaves learned skills – Encouraged family life among slaves • Life for slaves in Lower South – Utilized task system of slave supervision – Relied on white artisans for manufactured products – Slaves in deep South slower to assimilate into the British world Expansion & Regionalism in Colonies
  • 12. • Most pluralistic region of North America from the start • Ireland and Germany main sources of immigrants after 1720 • New immigrants populated backcountry and created distinct society there – Violent, heavy drinking – Hated Indians The Mid-Atlantic Colonies
  • 13. • Economy weakened after colonial wars ended in 1713 • Molasses act of 1733 – Imposed tax on West Indies molasses – Increased bribery and smuggling • Region made its mark on Atlantic commerce through shipbuilding • Massachusetts invented fiat money in 1690 – Problems with depreciation New England: Faltering Economy & Paper Money
  • 15. The Boston MassacreThe Boston Massacre ((March 5,1770March 5,1770 ))
  • 16. The Gaspee IncidentThe Gaspee Incident (1772)(1772) Providence, RI coastProvidence, RI coast
  • 17. CommitteesCommittees of Correspondenceof Correspondence PurposePurpose  warn neighboring colonieswarn neighboring colonies about incidents with Br.about incidents with Br.  broaden the resistancebroaden the resistance movement.movement.
  • 18. Tea ActTea Act (1773)(1773) 8 British East India Co.:British East India Co.:  Monopoly on Br. teaMonopoly on Br. tea imports.imports.  Many members ofMany members of Parl. held shares.Parl. held shares.  Permitted the Co. toPermitted the Co. to sell tea directly tosell tea directly to cols. without col.cols. without col. middlemenmiddlemen (cheaper tea!)(cheaper tea!) 8 North expected theNorth expected the cols. to eagerly choosecols. to eagerly choose the cheaper tea.the cheaper tea.
  • 19. Boston Tea PartyBoston Tea Party (1773)(1773)
  • 20. The Coercive orThe Coercive or IntolerableIntolerable ActsActs (1774)(1774) Lord NorthLord North 1.1. Port BillPort Bill 2.2. Government ActGovernment Act 4.4. Administration ofAdministration of Justice ActJustice Act 3.3. New QuarteringNew Quartering ActAct
  • 21. The Quebec ActThe Quebec Act (1774)(1774)
  • 22. First ContinentalFirst Continental CongressCongress (1774)(1774)55 delegates from 12 colonies55 delegates from 12 colonies AgendaAgenda  How toHow to respond to therespond to the Coercive Acts &Coercive Acts & the Quebec Act?the Quebec Act? 1 vote per colony1 vote per colony represented.represented.
  • 23. The British AreThe British Are ComingComing . . .. . . Paul ReverePaul Revere && William DawesWilliam Dawes make theirmake their midnight ride to warn themidnight ride to warn the MinutemenMinutemen ofof approaching British soldiers.approaching British soldiers.
  • 24. The Shot HeardThe Shot Heard ’’Round the WorldRound the World!! LexingtonLexington && ConcordConcord – April 18,1775– April 18,1775
  • 25. The SecondThe Second Continental CongressContinental Congress (1775)(1775) Olive Branch PetitionOlive Branch Petition