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What do geographers study?????
Geographers want to know where are things
located?? And why are they there???
 The four most important directions are called the
cardinal directions
◦ North
◦ South
◦ East
◦ West
• Intermediate directions are used to describe directions that
are not exactly north, south, east and west
 Northeast
 Southeast
 Northwest
 Southwest
 Geographers use a system of lines on a grid
to determine location on the Earth’s surface
◦ Lines that run left to right are lines of LATITUDE
 To measure degrees North and South one would use
lines of latitude
 O degrees latitude is known as the Equator
 There are 0-90 degrees of latitude
 Lines that run top to bottom are called lines
of longitude
◦ To measure degrees East and West one would use
lines of longitude
 0 degrees longitude is known as the PRIME MERIDIAN
 There are 0-179 degrees of longitude
 180 degrees is known as the international date line
 Latitude and Longitude coordinates are used
to find exact location
 Latitude is always first and longitude second
 Parallel is a line of latitude
 Meridian is a line of longitude
 Location
 Region
 Place
 Movement
 Human-Environment Interaction
◦ These five themes are used to help geographers
organize information about Earth and its people.
 Geographers use location to find where an
area is—latitude and longitude provide exact
location
 Cardinal and intermediate directions along
with landmarks provide relative location
Now find an example in the book…
 Unifying physical or human characteristic
such as population, history, climate, or
landforms.
Now find an example in the book…
 Human and physical features that describe an
area such as hot or cold climate, or land that
is hilly
Now find an example in the book…
 How people, goods, and ideas get from one
place to another.
 Example- When people from other countries
came to the United States, they brought
traditional foods that enriched the American
way of life.
How else is this theme important?? Use the
book!!
 Explores how people affect their
environment, or their natural
surroundings, and how their environment
affects them.
 How would a description of your home town
as a place be different from a description of
your home town’s location?
 There are five different kinds of maps:
◦ Political
 Shows boundaries that people have set up to show the
different countries and states
◦ Physical
 Shows natural features such as mountains, rivers, and
forests
◦ Population
 Lets you see how many people live in a particular area, rural
and suburban
◦ Economic
 Shows how people make a living in a given area
◦ Natural Resource
 Provides a link between the resources of the land and they
way people use them

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Foundations of geography

  • 1. What do geographers study?????
  • 2. Geographers want to know where are things located?? And why are they there???
  • 3.  The four most important directions are called the cardinal directions ◦ North ◦ South ◦ East ◦ West • Intermediate directions are used to describe directions that are not exactly north, south, east and west  Northeast  Southeast  Northwest  Southwest
  • 4.  Geographers use a system of lines on a grid to determine location on the Earth’s surface ◦ Lines that run left to right are lines of LATITUDE  To measure degrees North and South one would use lines of latitude  O degrees latitude is known as the Equator  There are 0-90 degrees of latitude
  • 5.  Lines that run top to bottom are called lines of longitude ◦ To measure degrees East and West one would use lines of longitude  0 degrees longitude is known as the PRIME MERIDIAN  There are 0-179 degrees of longitude  180 degrees is known as the international date line
  • 6.  Latitude and Longitude coordinates are used to find exact location  Latitude is always first and longitude second  Parallel is a line of latitude  Meridian is a line of longitude
  • 7.  Location  Region  Place  Movement  Human-Environment Interaction ◦ These five themes are used to help geographers organize information about Earth and its people.
  • 8.  Geographers use location to find where an area is—latitude and longitude provide exact location  Cardinal and intermediate directions along with landmarks provide relative location Now find an example in the book…
  • 9.  Unifying physical or human characteristic such as population, history, climate, or landforms. Now find an example in the book…
  • 10.  Human and physical features that describe an area such as hot or cold climate, or land that is hilly Now find an example in the book…
  • 11.  How people, goods, and ideas get from one place to another.  Example- When people from other countries came to the United States, they brought traditional foods that enriched the American way of life. How else is this theme important?? Use the book!!
  • 12.  Explores how people affect their environment, or their natural surroundings, and how their environment affects them.
  • 13.  How would a description of your home town as a place be different from a description of your home town’s location?
  • 14.  There are five different kinds of maps: ◦ Political  Shows boundaries that people have set up to show the different countries and states ◦ Physical  Shows natural features such as mountains, rivers, and forests ◦ Population  Lets you see how many people live in a particular area, rural and suburban ◦ Economic  Shows how people make a living in a given area ◦ Natural Resource  Provides a link between the resources of the land and they way people use them