Geographers study the location and placement of physical and human features on Earth. They use lines of latitude and longitude to determine exact locations, with latitude and longitude coordinates specifying places. The four cardinal directions and eight intermediate directions are also used to describe relative location. Geographers examine themes such as location, region, place, movement, and human-environment interaction to understand relationships between people and their surroundings.
2. Geographers want to know where are things
located?? And why are they there???
3. The four most important directions are called the
cardinal directions
◦ North
◦ South
◦ East
◦ West
• Intermediate directions are used to describe directions that
are not exactly north, south, east and west
Northeast
Southeast
Northwest
Southwest
4. Geographers use a system of lines on a grid
to determine location on the Earth’s surface
◦ Lines that run left to right are lines of LATITUDE
To measure degrees North and South one would use
lines of latitude
O degrees latitude is known as the Equator
There are 0-90 degrees of latitude
5. Lines that run top to bottom are called lines
of longitude
◦ To measure degrees East and West one would use
lines of longitude
0 degrees longitude is known as the PRIME MERIDIAN
There are 0-179 degrees of longitude
180 degrees is known as the international date line
6. Latitude and Longitude coordinates are used
to find exact location
Latitude is always first and longitude second
Parallel is a line of latitude
Meridian is a line of longitude
7. Location
Region
Place
Movement
Human-Environment Interaction
◦ These five themes are used to help geographers
organize information about Earth and its people.
8. Geographers use location to find where an
area is—latitude and longitude provide exact
location
Cardinal and intermediate directions along
with landmarks provide relative location
Now find an example in the book…
9. Unifying physical or human characteristic
such as population, history, climate, or
landforms.
Now find an example in the book…
10. Human and physical features that describe an
area such as hot or cold climate, or land that
is hilly
Now find an example in the book…
11. How people, goods, and ideas get from one
place to another.
Example- When people from other countries
came to the United States, they brought
traditional foods that enriched the American
way of life.
How else is this theme important?? Use the
book!!
12. Explores how people affect their
environment, or their natural
surroundings, and how their environment
affects them.
13. How would a description of your home town
as a place be different from a description of
your home town’s location?
14. There are five different kinds of maps:
◦ Political
Shows boundaries that people have set up to show the
different countries and states
◦ Physical
Shows natural features such as mountains, rivers, and
forests
◦ Population
Lets you see how many people live in a particular area, rural
and suburban
◦ Economic
Shows how people make a living in a given area
◦ Natural Resource
Provides a link between the resources of the land and they
way people use them