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8/6/2013
1
© Project SOUND
Out of the Wilds and Into Your Garden
Gardening with California Native Plants in Western L.A. County
Project SOUND – 2013 (our 9th year)
8/6/2013
2
© Project SOUND
Natives on the Edge:
Native plants that can
survive near the lawn
C.M. Vadheim and T. Drake
CSUDH & Madrona Marsh Preserve
Madrona Marsh Preserve
August 3 & 6, 2013
8/6/2013
3
It’s August – the month for discussing water
© Project SOUND
8/6/2013
4
Usually we focus on water-wise gardening
© Project SOUND
8/6/2013
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But sometimes we’re faced with the
opposite problem - too much water
© Project SOUND
8/6/2013
6
Common situations with a ‘little extra water’
 Areas that get overspray
from sprinklers
 Areas near a neighbor’s well-
watered garden
 Areas near pools, ponds,
birdbaths, fountains
 Low-lying areas of the
garden
 Slowly draining areas
© Project SOUND
Transition areas
between Water Zones
8/6/2013
7
Let’s say you have a large backyard lawn
© Project SOUND
http://www.doityourself.com/forum/lawns-landscaping/464275-turning-lawn-into-natural-area-good-idea.html
8/6/2013
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Formal gardens appeal to you
© Project SOUND
…as does lots of green!
8/6/2013
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The reality is, you need to cut back on water use
© Project SOUND
http://treepm.com/properties/listings/2511-borton-drive-santa-barbara-ca-93109/
…but you don’t want a
landscape that would be more
appropriate in Palm Springs
http://museum2.utep.edu/exhibits/exhibits.htm
8/6/2013
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Can we design a semi-formal, green,
water-wise garden for our backyard?
© Project SOUND
8/6/2013
11
Challenges
 Plants/hardscape must have
semi-formal appearance
 Retain some green lawn (or
lawn-like) areas
 Decrease water use by ½
 Have area be evergreen (or at
least appear so)
 Some plants are going to get
a little extra water – those
near the ‘lawn’ areas
 Requires careful choice of
design and plants
© Project SOUND
8/6/2013
12
Base map - backyard
© Project SOUND
house
32 ft
walkway
VegetablegardenVegetablegarden
See Mother Nature’s Backyard blog
for more on drawing a base map
N
8/6/2013
13
Current Design - backyard
© Project SOUND
house
walkway
VegetablegardenVegetablegarden
32 ft
8/6/2013
14
We find some pictures that inspire us
© Project SOUND
http://www.ub.uit.no/baser/arkinord/details.php?image_id=222
http://whimsicalhomeandgarden.com/what-garden-style-do-you-
favor/httphouseandhome-comdesigncountry-garden-parterre/
http://www.cupolahouse.org/gardens.html
8/6/2013
15
© Project SOUND
http://www.mooseyscountrygarden.com/garden-journal-07/spring-garden-journal-701101.html
http://mysuburbanchateau.blogspot.com/2010/05/le-jardin-magnifique-parterrepart-1.html
http://barrysbog.blogspot.com/2011_11_01_archive.html
http://barrysbog.blogspot.com/2011_11_01_archive.html
8/6/2013
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What do we like?
 Swaths of grass – part of design
 Semi-formal look; curved shapes
 Tree(s) provide shade
 Large shrubs as screen ; rest of
plants are smaller
 Plants form borders for beds
 Seating/dining area (8 ft)
© Project SOUND
http://jsiegeldesigns.blogspot.com/2008_07_01_archive.html
http://www.cupolahouse.org/gardens.html
http://st.houzz.com/simgs/5d8158fc01058bbd_4-7952/traditional-patio.jpg
8/6/2013
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Oh yes, we also like pink & purple flowers
© Project SOUND
8/6/2013
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How to fit these desires into our available area
© Project SOUND
house
walkway
VegetablegardenVegetablegarden
32 ft
8/6/2013
19
Let’s begin by decreasing the grass area
© Project SOUND
house
Vegetablegarden
walkway
Vegetablegarden
Seating area
walkway
8/6/2013
20
Add a shady seating nook – and more paths
© Project SOUND
house
Vegetablegarden
walkway
Vegetablegarden
Seating area
8/6/2013
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..and we end up with a workable plan
© Project SOUND
house
Vegetablegarden
walkway
Vegetablegarden
 Swaths of grass – part of design
 Formal look; curved shapes
 Tree(s) provide shade
 Large shrubs as screen ; rest of
plants are smaller
 Plants form borders for beds
 Seating/dining area (8 ft)
8/6/2013
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Final design – decreases grass by ~ 1/2
© Project SOUND
house
Vegetablegarden
walkway
Vegetablegarden
7 ft
3 ft
10 ft
5 ft
8/6/2013
23
We’ll water the grass with low-flow sprinklers
© Project SOUND
house
Vegetablegarden
walkway
Vegetablegarden
8/6/2013
24
There will be many areas with over-spray
© Project SOUND
house
Vegetablegarden
walkway
Vegetablegarden
8/6/2013
25
What could we do to make the garden
more water-wise (and our task easier)?
© Project SOUND
8/6/2013
26
We could limit grass to the perimeter areas
© Project SOUND
house
Vegetablegarden
walkway
Vegetablegarden
8/6/2013
27
But this class is about transitional Water
Zones, so we’ll stick with the plan
© Project SOUND
house
Vegetablegarden
walkway
Vegetablegarden
8/6/2013
28
© Project SOUND
Planning ‘Water Use Zones’ should be an
early step in planning your garden
http://www.taunton.com/finegardening/pages/g00101.asp
Pretty dry
drought-
tolerant
plants
Regular water
‘Water-wise’ ; occasional summer water
8/6/2013
29
© Project SOUND
S. CA gardens have three Water Zones
(hydro-zones)
 Zone 1 – no supplemental water; soils are
dry in summer/fall
 Zone 2 – occasional summer water; soil is
allowed to dry out between waterings
 Zone 3 – regular water; soil is usually moist
to soggy, even in summer.
8/6/2013
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© Project SOUND
Zone 1 – no summer water
 Includes many S. CA native
plants (coastal & desert):
 Many native grasses
 Native wildflowers
 Native bulbs & corms
 Many locally native perennials
 Many locally native shrubs &
trees
 Includes non-native ‘Desert Plants’
from desert areas throughout the
world
This is the ‘natural condition’ for S. CA
lowlands, even along the coast
8/6/2013
31
© Project SOUND
Zone 2 – occasional summer water (soil is
allowed to dry out between waterings)
 Many S. CA native plants:
both ‘opportunists’ and
plants from slightly wetter
CA climates
 Trees
 Large and small shrubs
 Most native groundcovers
 Some native grasses
 Plants that experience ‘summer
monsoons’
8/6/2013
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© Project SOUND
Zone 3 - regular water; soil moist even in
summer  S. CA native wetland plants:
 Ponds, lake-sides & wetlands
 Stream sides & canyon bottoms –
Riparian Community
 Mountain meadows & seeps
 Plants from more Northern
climates
 Some cultivars with natural ability
to take regular water
 Most non-native ‘Old CA Garden’
plants :
 Lawns
 Trees and shrubs from:
 Tropical areas
 Any place that gets plenty of
summer rain
 Vegetable gardens
8/6/2013
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Today we are particularly interested in
Water Zone 2 to 3 transition conditions
© Project SOUND
8/6/2013
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Let’s determine our actual Water Zones
© Project SOUND
house
Vegetablegarden
walkway
Vegetablegarden
8/6/2013
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Water Zones - backyard
© Project SOUND
house
Vegetablegarden
walkway
Vegetablegarden
2-3 to 3 2-3 to 3
2 2
1-2to2
1-2to2
2 to 2-3
2to2-3
8/6/2013
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Choose a ‘water-wise’ lawn grass
 Fine textured and summer/
evergreen
 Perhaps a Fescue blend
 Needs to take sun (mostly) and
some shade
 Water 1-2 times per week – will
decrease water use slightly
 Mow high and occasionally – will
also decrease water use
© Project SOUND
http://redwoodbarn.blogspot.com/2012/08/rethinking-lawns.html
8/6/2013
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Then choose a shade tree that provides
some ‘value added’ fruit
© Project SOUND
*Western Chokecherry –
Prunus virginiana var. demissa
http://www.bringingbackthenatives.net/dan-rademacher-and-tamara-
schwarzs-garden
Dwarf ‘Santa Rosa’ plum
8-10 ft tall & wide
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Water/shade Zones - backyard
© Project SOUND
house
Vegetablegarden
walkway
Vegetablegarden
N
8/6/2013
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Next we choose some background shrubs
© Project SOUND
house
Vegetablegarden
walkway
Vegetablegarden
8/6/2013
40
When choosing plants that can tolerate a
little extra water (Water Zone 2-3)
 Look to plants from:
 Central and Northern CA,
particularly coastal areas
 Higher elevations – particularly
local mountains
 Riparian /wetland areas
 Cultivars – particularly those
from ‘moister than usual’ areas
© Project SOUND
http://www.virtualtourist.com/travel/North_America/United_States_of_America/California/San_
Francisco-755471/Things_To_Do-San_Francisco-Point_Reyes_National_Seashore-BR-1.html
8/6/2013
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In fact, there are a surprising number of possibilities
© Project SOUND
8/6/2013
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Peripheral shrub choices: Sun/
Water Zone 2 to 2-3
 ** Arctostaphylos densiflora
‘Harmony‘
 ** Ceanothus ‘Ray Hartman’
 Cornus glabrata
 * Amorpha fruticosa
 * Frangula/Rhamnus californica
 * Holodiscus discolor
 * Mahonia (Berberis) aquifolium
 * Philadelphus lewisii
 * Ribes malvaceum
 Symphoricarpos albus var.
laevigatus
© Project SOUND
Evergreen, proper size
and ‘added value’
8/6/2013
43
© Project SOUND
Common Snowberry – Symphoricarpos albus var. laevigatus
© 2007 Neal Kramer
8/6/2013
44
© Project SOUND
Common Snowberry – Symphoricarpos albus var. laevigatus
 Western N. America from
Alaska to CA, east to CO
 In CA:
 Foothills and lower mountain
slopes
 Locally: Catalina, San
Fernando Valley
 Shady woods, canyons, stream
banks, N-facing slopes
 Favors well-drained, moist,
fertile soils but also grows on
dry or rocky soils
 Caprifoliaceae (Honeysuckle
family)
http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?2874,2898,0,2899
© 2004, Ben Legler
8/6/2013
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© Project SOUND
Characteristics of
 Size:
 3-8 ft tall (usually 3-6 ft)
 3-6 ft wide; spreading
 Growth form:
 Winter-deciduous shrub
 Many thin, arching branches
 Mounding, then trailing/climbing
 Foliage:
 Often blue-green; delicate
looking
 Important cover plant for birds,
small wildlife
 Deer eat it; larval food for
Vashti sphinx moth
© 2002 James B. Gratiot
8/6/2013
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© Project SOUND
Plant Requirements
 Soils:
 Texture: any, including heavy
clays; best on well-drained
 pH: any local (6.0-8.0)
 Light:
 Full sun to full shade; part-
shade is probably ideal
 Would work well in/around other
plants in a hedgerow
 Water:
 Winter: takes seasonal flooding
 Summer: quite adaptable –
depends on light conditions;
best with occasional (Zone 2)
 Fertilizer: none; likes poor soils
 Other: fine with wind; maritime
exposures© 2004, Ben Legler
8/6/2013
47
© Project SOUND
Flowers are small & sweet
 Blooms: summer; usually May-July in
western L.A. County
 Flowers:
 Little and sweet; somewhat
‘manzanita-like’
 Bell-like clusters
 Near white to quite bright pink
 Pollinated by bees, flies, other
insect pollinators; hummingbirds
visit
 Seeds: best sown fresh in fall; long
moist-cold treatment for stored seeds
 Vegetative reproduction: spreading
via rhizomes; not a ‘monster-invader’,
but need to take out suckers
© 2001 Lynn Overtree
© 2004, Ben Legler
8/6/2013
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© Project SOUND
The name says it all : ‘Snowberries’
 Ripen late summer/fall (often just
before leaf drop in cooler
climates)
 Showy white clusters; remain on
branches through winter
 Palatable to thrushes, robins and
other birds
 Native peoples used as a mild soap
or anti-perspirant – contain
saponins (like Yucca; Soap-plant)
 Many parts of plant were used
medicinally – often for skin
conditions, eyewash
© 2004, Ben Legler
8/6/2013
49
© Project SOUND
Snowberry: often used as a traditional shrub
 Door-yard or foundation plant
 As an accent plant in moist areas of
the year
 In dry shade under trees
 In mixed shrub borders
 Even in large planters, particularly
mixed w/ other, contrasting shrubshttp://www.hort.uconn.edu/Plants/s/symalb/symalb1.html
8/6/2013
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© Project SOUND
Snowberry takes well
to hedging
 Shape makes a natural
medium-sized hedge
 Can be used as a tall
groundcover on slopes
 Easy to prune/shear into
more formal hedge in late
fall/winter
 Nice addition to hedgerow –
will climb up through other
plants
http://www.laspilitas.com/nature-of-california/plants/symphoricarpos-albus-laevigatus
http://www.botany.cz/cs/symphoricarpos-albus/
Could also use Creeping Snowberry
(Symphoricarpos mollis) near coast
8/6/2013
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© Project SOUND
Oregon Grape – Mahonia (Berberis) aquifolium
© 2006 Louis-M. Landry
8/6/2013
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© Project SOUND
Oregon Grape – Mahonia (Berberis) aquifolium
 Much of western N.
America: Mexico to
British Columbia
 In CA:
 Mostly N. CA
 Also mountains &
foothills throughout Ca –
locally in San Gabriels
 Slopes, canyons,
coniferous forest, oak
woodland, chaparral
 In the Barberry family
http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?Berberis+aquifolium
http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=233500223
8/6/2013
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© Project SOUND
Oregon Grape: sized for the garden
 Size:
 3-8 ft tall
 3-6 ft wide
 Growth form:
 Evergreen shrub; medium-slow
growth
 Stiff, upright branches; overall
irregular or mounded form
 Foliage:
 Very attractive – leaves ‘holly-like’
 Shiny dark green above; may give
red color in fall/winter
 Overall – coarse texture
 Roots: spreads via rhizomes
8/6/2013
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© Project SOUND
 Soils:
 Texture: pretty much any
 pH: any local
 Light:
 Best in part-shade; can take
full sun to very shady
 Water:
 Winter: likes water; can take
some flooding
 Summer: best with some
supplemental water – Zone 2
to 2-3 (even 3)
 Fertilizer: likes a good organic
mulch; renew yearly
Oregon Grape: not
demanding at all
8/6/2013
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© Project SOUND
Flowers are a cheerful sight
during rainy season
 Blooms: winter/spring
 Usually Feb-Apr in S. Bay
 Blooms for 3-4 weeks
 Flowers:
 Bell-shaped & buttery
yellow
 In dense clusters – very
showy against the darker
leaves
 Honey-like fragrance
 Seeds:
 Relatively large
8/6/2013
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© Project SOUND
Berries are tart but delicious
 Can be eaten directly for
a tasty zing!
 Can be fermented with
sugar to wine
 Make nice, tart jellies –
good with meats
 Boil berries in soup to
add flavor
 Use to make sauces and
marinades for ham, pork,
chicken
8/6/2013
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© Project SOUND
Oregon Grape is a
popular home shrub
 foundation plant
 mass plantings
 shrub border
 mixes well with other
broadleaf evergreens
 useful in shady spots
 desirable for spring bloom,
high quality summer
foliage and blue fruit in
fall
8/6/2013
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Water/shade Zones - backyard
© Project SOUND
house
Vegetablegarden
walkway
Vegetablegarden
N
8/6/2013
59
Many potential ‘shady fillers’ on the list
 Woody groundcovers
 * Berberis (Mahonia) aquifolium
var. repens
 * Ceanothus gloriosus (and
cultivars)
 Ribes viburnifolium
 * Spireae splendens
 Herbaceous groundcovers and
perennials
 Achillea millefolia
 Anemopsis californica
 * Aquilegia formosa
 Clinopodium (Satureja) douglasii
 * Mentha arvensis
© Project SOUND
http://www.wildgingerfarm.com/Spirea.htm
8/6/2013
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© Project SOUND
* Rose Meadowsweet – Spiraea splendens
©2011 Kelsey Byers
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© Project SOUND
* Rose Meadowsweet – Spiraea splendens
©2001 Carol Mattsson
©2010 Neal Kramer
http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_cpn.pl?45211
 Central CA north into Canada and
extending east into Central Montana.
 Along streams, lakes, in moist rocky
areas, or open subalpine forests;
elevations between 2000-11,000 ft
 In Rose Family (Rosaceae); AKA: Dense
Flowered Spiraea/ Mountain Spiraea
8/6/2013
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© Project SOUND
Rose Meadowsweet: sub-shrub or groundcover?
 Size: (depends on conditions)
 2-4+ ft tall
 3-4+ ft wide
 Growth form:
 Many-branched shrub or
sub-shrub
 Erect to spreading habit
 Winter deciduous; red-
brown bark is attractive
 Foliage:
 Medium green
 Simple leaves – rounded,
look like garden plant
8/6/2013
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© Project SOUND
Flowers: pink
 Blooms: in summer – usually
June-July, but may be later
 Flowers:
 Individual flowers small; but
densely packed into
mounded clusters at branch
ends
 Color: medium to dark
pink/magenta
 Very pretty – a garden
favorite
 Nectar attracts wide range
of butterflies
Flowers appear ‘fuzzy’ because of extended
stamens (like Phacelias)
8/6/2013
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© Project SOUND
Plant Requirements
 Soils:
 Texture: no special needs
 pH: any local
 Light:
 Best flowering in full sun
(with adequate water)
 Part-shade also fine; give
some afternoon shade in
hot, dry gardens (it’s a
mountain plant!)
 Water:
 Winter: supplement if
needed
 Summer: best with moderate
watering (Zone 2-3); will
take more or less
 Other: organic mulches help
keep soil moisture constant
©2010 Neal Kramer
8/6/2013
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© Project SOUND
Rose Meadowsweet:
a garden favorite
 In woodland garden with others
that like a little moisture
 As a groundcover under trees
 In large containers – accent
 In a butterfly garden
Gary A. Monroe @ USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database
http://www.nwplants.com/business/catalog/spi_spl.html Photo credit: cascade hiker / Foter / CC BY-NC-SA
8/6/2013
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© Project SOUND
Western (Red) Columbine – Aquilegia formosa
8/6/2013
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© Project SOUND
Western (Red) Columbine – Aquilegia formosa
http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=233500105
 Western N. America from Baja
CA to AK
 Locally – San Gabriel Mtns.
 Streambanks, seeps, moist
places, chaparral, oak woodland,
mixed-evergreen or coniferous
forest to 8000 ft elevation“var. hypolasia” “var. truncata”
http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?6434,6448,6450
8/6/2013
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© Project SOUND
Characteristics of Western Columbine
 Size:
 2-3 ft tall
 2-3 ft wide
 Growth form:
 Clumping, mounded perennial
 Dies back in late summer/fall
 May be short-lived (3-5 yrs)
 Foliage:
 Open, rounded leaves are
deeply incised
 Delicate appearing
 Color: medium green to blue-
green
 Roots: used medicinally –
somewhat toxic
8/6/2013
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© Project SOUND
Hummingbird flowers are distinctive
 Blooms: spring-summer; often
June-July in local gardens
 Flowers:
 Red petals & sepals; yellow
reproductive parts
 Shape distinctive to
Columbines
 Flowers nod on graceful
stems
 Attract hummingbirds!!
 Seeds:
 Sweetly fragrant; can be
used in sachet
Image © 2004, Ben Legler
8/6/2013
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© Project SOUND
Plant Requirements  Soils:
 Texture: most
 pH: any local – pH 4.5-8.0
 Light: best with some shade
 Dappled shade, under trees
 Afternoon shade
 Won’t flower well if too
shady
 Water:
 Winter: needs adequate
 Summer: best with near-
regular water – Water Zone
2-3 or even 3
 Fertilizer: none; likes poor soils
 Other: likes leaf mulch
http://www.elnativogrowers.com/Photographs_page/aqufor.htm
8/6/2013
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© Project SOUND
Columbines work well
in many gardens
 In a shady woodland garden with
ferns
 Under trees (including oaks, if
summer-dry)
 Combined with other water-loving
garden plants
http://www.paulnoll.com/Oregon/Wildflower/plant-Columbine-Red.html
http://encinitasnatives.blogspot.com/2013/04/perennial-herbs.html
http://www.edelbrandbrennerei.at/page11.php
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What do we want around our bench?
© Project SOUND
http://www.wildgingerfarm.com/Spirea.htm
http://sjgbloom2012.wordpress.com/2012/06/20/spirea-japonica-alpina-%E2%80%A2-alpine-
spirea-3/
http://www.doakcreeknursery.com/images/Aquilegia-formosa.jpg
http://www.growiser.net/aquilegia-formosa-western-columbine.html
http://www.edelbrandbrennerei.at/page11.php
http://www.houzz.com/photos/9
20328/Campania-International-
Autumn-Leaves-Cast-Stone-
Backless-Garden-Bench-
contemporary-outdoor-stools-
and-benches-
8/6/2013
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© Project SOUND
house
Vegetablegarden
walkway
Vegetablegarden
7 ft
3 ft
10 ft
5 ft
Now to the formal beds: size is an issue
8/6/2013
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Let’s plan the shady moist south beds first
© Project SOUND
house
Vegetablegarden
walkway
Vegetablegarden
8/6/2013
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We’d like to plant a living border the beds:
neat appearance – but not a lot of work
 Plant characteristics
 Evergreen (if possible)
 Small size - < 2 ft
 Compact, mounded form
 Interesting/contrasting
foliage
 Won’t require too much
maintenance to keep it
looking like a neat border
© Project SOUND
http://www.mooseyscountrygarden.com/chelsea-flower-
show/chelsea-flowers-on-show-2.html
8/6/2013
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Two groups of CA native plants stand out
as potential border plants
 Heuchera species – Coral bells
 Some Carex species - Sedges
© Project SOUND
http://www.dovetail-design.co.uk/Low_Maintenance
http://www.anno2000tuinen.nl/tuinontwerp-groenadvies-hovenier-
tuinonderhoud-tuinplanten/diensten/plantadvies/siergrassen.html
8/6/2013
77
Island Alumroot – Heuchera maxima
http://kristamaxwell.com/garden/photos.html
Heuchera maxima (tall), sanguinea (dark) & elegans
8/6/2013
78
Island Alumroot – Heuchera maxima
 The genus Heuchera: 50
species: found only in North
America & Mexico; 13 in
California
 Name origin: honors J.H. von
Heucher, German professor of
medicine and botany, 1677–1747
 A very difficult genus, highly
variable at many levels and
needing much additional
research.
 Island Alumroot is found
naturally only in the northern
Channel Islands
http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?Heuchera+maxima
8/6/2013
79
Island Alumroot in
nature
 Moist shady areas in
chaparral and coastal
sage scrub on N. Channel
Islands:
 moist, shady, north-facing
canyon bottoms,
 Canyon walls
 Moist cliffs
 Seacliffs
 Low elevations
http://www.centerforplantconservation.org/ASP/CPC_ProfileImage.asp?FN=2240a
8/6/2013
80
Plant characteristics: Island Alumroot
 Growth form: clumping – low
mounds of leaves on long
petioles
 Foliage: leaves rounded or
heart-shaped, may be
variegated
 Roots: long taproot – more
drought tolerant than non-CA
species
Flowers: late winter-mid-spring
 White to light pink
 Bell-shaped
 On long stems well above the foliage
8/6/2013
81
Island Alumroot:
Easy to grow
 Sun: full sun on the coast, part shade
anywhere; can take quite shady
 Soils:
 Any well-drained – sandy is best
 Any pH except very acidic
 Nutrients: organic supplements, mulches
are useful
 Water:
 Regular water to establish
 2-4 times a month (especially in
summer and at inland locations) to
keep plants looking green and lengthen
bloom.
 Fairly drought tolerant in shady sites
– just look a little raggedy with
summer drought
 Maintenance:
 Mulch
 Remove dead foliage
 Divide every 3-5 years – when
flowering decreases
http://www.thegardengeek.com/content/heuchera-maxima-giant-heuchera
8/6/2013
82
Heucheras in the garden
 Woodland and shade gardens or borders
 For cut flowers
 Habitat for bees and hummingbirds
 As a groundcover in shady parts of the
garden, including under trees (oaks &
pines)
 In pots
 To line walkways
 Attractive foliage as well as flowers –
plant where you can enjoy it
 And it even re-seeds itself!
http://www.elnativogrowers.com/Photographs_pag
e/heuchera_maxima.htm
8/6/2013
83
Heuchera hybrids
 Bred for both foliage and flower
color characteristics
 Active area in horticulture
 Some of best known (and now
widely available) were developed
by Dr. Lee W. Lenz at Rancho
Santa Ana Botanic Gardens
 Heuchera maxima x
H. sanguinea hybrids:
 'Genevieve‘ – large marbled
leaves with pink & white flowers
 'Opal‘ – large green leaves with
pale pink-white flowers
 'Santa Ana Cardinal‘ – dark,
shiny leaves with rose-red
flowers
 'Susanna‘ – red flowers
 'Wendy' - compact with bright
pink flowers
8/6/2013
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Heucheras will border the shady moist south beds
© Project SOUND
house
Vegetablegarden
walkway
Vegetablegarden
8/6/2013
85
Now to fill the beds with something easy
© Project SOUND
house
Vegetablegarden
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Vegetablegarden
8/6/2013
86
What to combine with Heuchera border
smaller plants (< 3 ft) – moist shade
 Ferns
 Adiantum
 Aquilegia
 Dryopteris arguta
 Low herbaceous groundcovers
 Fragaria – strawberries
 Yerba Buena; other mints
 Whipplea modesta
 Other perennials
 Oxalis oregana
 Apocynum cannabinum – Indian Hemp
 Many others
© Project SOUND
8/6/2013
87
© Project SOUND
Modesty – Whipplea modesta
©2004 Steve Matson
8/6/2013
88
 AKA: Yerba de selva (woodland plant)
 Northern CA coast to OR
 Whipplea : monotypic genus (contains
the single species) Whipplea modesta
 Family: ?? Philadelphus/Hydrangeaceae
© Project SOUND
Modesty – Whipplea modesta
©2012 Gary A. Monroe
Gary A. Monroe @ USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database
8/6/2013
89
The Hydrangeas - Family Hydrangeaceae
 ~ 115 species; 10-12 genera
 Some taxonomist include closely
related Philadephus &
Carpenteria; others separate
out these into Philadelphaceae
(Mock Orange family)
 Widespread North temperate
and subtropical – Asia, N.
America & Europe; Andes from
Mexico to Chile
 Includes shrubs, perennials and
vines
 Common garden plants:
Hydrangea; Broussaisia (Hawaii)
© Project SOUND
http://msl-methods-09-
10.wikispaces.com/Hydrangea+macrophylla++(Tara+Hill)
Hydrangea macrophylla
common garden plant - Japan
http://www.botany.hawaii.edu/faculty/carr/images/bro_arg_mid.jpg
8/6/2013
90
© Project SOUND
Modesty is, in many respects, modest
 Size:
 < 1 ft tall
 3-4+ ft wide
 Growth form:
 Varies with conditions:
perennial herb to shrub or vine;
usually groundcover-like
 Partly-herbaceous; evergreen
with water
 Many-branched; will root
 Foliage:
 Simple leaves; aromatic
 Attractive in it’s simplicity –
complements other plants
©2009 Terry Dye
©2004 Steve Matson
8/6/2013
91
© Project SOUND
Sweet little flowers
 Blooms: in spring - usually
in May-June in our area
 Flowers:
 Small white flowers
 In clusters at ends of erect
stems
 Plants can be literally covered
in blooms – very unusual for
native groundcover
 Fruits: leathery capsule; eaten by
birds
 Vegetative reproduction:
©2004 Steve Matson
8/6/2013
92
© Project SOUND
Plant Requirements  Soils:
 Texture: likes well-drained,
but not really picky
 pH: any local
 Light:
 Part-shade to quite shady
 Dappled sunlight under trees
 Water:
 Winter: adequate
 Summer: needs some water
to look good – Water Zone 2-3
would be good
 Fertilizer: none; likes poor soils;
would accept light fertilizer
 Other: organic mulch
©2013 Larry Beckerman
8/6/2013
93
© Project SOUND
Modesty is charming
 On slopes; good stabilizer
 Under trees; other shady areas
 Pair with Heucheras, ferns,
Douglas Iris, Yerba Buena
 As an attractive pot plant
©2011 Dylan Neubauer
http://www.baynatives.com/plants/Whipplea-modesta/
8/6/2013
94
On to the sunny northern beds
© Project SOUND
house
Vegetablegarden
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Vegetablegarden
8/6/2013
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© Project SOUND
* Brown/ Rusty Sedge – Carex subfusca
©2006 Steve Matson
8/6/2013
96
 Western U.S., usually mountains in
California
 Locally – San Gabriels
 Seasonally moist mountain meadows,
along watercourses < 12,000 ft
 Pine forests, Southern Oak
Woodland, Foothill Woodland
© Project SOUND
* Brown Sedge – Carex subfusca
http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx
?flora_id=1&taxon_id=242357566
http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?7928,7931,8065
http://www.forestryimages.org/browse/subthumb.cfm?sub=26803
8/6/2013
97
© Project SOUND
Brown Sedge is an attractive Carex
 Size:
 < 1 ft tall
 2-4+ ft wide, spreading
 Growth form:
 Spreading – ‘sod-forming’
sedge
 Fast-growing
 Becomes like a natural lawn
 Foliage:
 Fine textured; grass-like
 Roots:
 Spreads via rhizomes
©2006 Steve Matson
8/6/2013
98
Sedges: two main types
 Bunching sedges
 Remain as a mounded clump – like a
bunch grass
 Have very short/no rhizomes
 Expand slowly
 Running/sod-like sedges
 Spread – like sod; often quickly
 Become like a sod lawn
© Project SOUNDhttp://search.linders.com/12070003/Plant/4425/Gray's_Sedge
http://rwa.watersavingplants.com/eplant.php?plantnum=174&return=l1
http://vinesandgroundcovers.blogspot.com/2012/02/carex-
pansa.html
Carex tumulticola
Carex pansa
8/6/2013
99
© Project SOUND
Showy among sedges
 Blooms: spring – when weather is
warm
 Flowers:
 Typical, wind-pollinated flowers
of sedges
 At tips of stems
 Seeds:
 Large; turn red-brown and are
quite attractive
 Eaten by water birds
©2011 Dylan Neubauer
USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database / Hurd, E.G., N.L. Shaw, J. Mastrogiuseppe, L.C. Smithman, and S. Goodrich. 1998.
Field guide to Intermountain sedges. General Technical Report RMS-GTR-10. USDA Forest Service, RMRS, Ogden.
8/6/2013
100
© Project SOUND
Brown sedge is easy
to grow
 Soils:
 Texture: any
 pH: any local
 Light:
 Full sun to part-shade;
adaptable
 Water:
 Winter: can take flooding
 Summer: adaptable; very
drought tolerant in shade.
Looks best with moderate
water in summer
 Fertilizer: none; likes poor soils
 Other: spreads; may need to
contain
©2006 Steve Matson
8/6/2013
101
© Project SOUND
Versatile Brown Sedge
 In rain gardens, dry swales
 As an easy-care lawn substitute
 Around ponds, pools
 Under trees
http://www.smgrowers.com/products/plants/plantdisplay.asp?plant_id=2329
http://www.bloomingadvantage.com/Ca
rex-subfusca.html
http://jan.ucc.nau.edu/plants-
c/bio414/species%20pages/Carex%20sp.htm
http://www.sm.watersavingplants.com/eplant.php?plantnum=24602&r
eturn=l6_aK
8/6/2013
102
Berkeley Sedge – Carex tumulticola
© Project SOUND
Consider size and growth characteristics before choosing a plant
8/6/2013
103
Finally we can use some water-wise
Zone 2 plants as fillers
 Wide selection to choose from:
 Shrubs
 Sub-shrubs
 Perennials
 Ferns
 Grasses/grass-like plants
CA Fuschia – Epilobium canum
Ashy-leaf Buckwheat California Marshlavender
Limonium californicum
Lilac Verbena
8/6/2013
104
© Project SOUND
Lilac (Cedros Island) Verbena – Verbena
lilacena
8/6/2013
105
© Project SOUND
Lilac (Cedros Island) Verbena – Verbena
lilacena
 Found only on Cedros Island, off
Baja CA (an ‘island endemic’)
 In the wild, grows in canyons and on
coastal bluffs in an ocean-influenced
desert scrubland
 This island has many interesting
plant & animal species
http://www.search.com/reference/Cedros_Island
8/6/2013
106
© Project SOUND
Lilac Verbena is well suited to the home
garden
 Size:
 2-4 ft tall
 3-5 ft wide
 Growth form:
 Perennial sub-shrub (small; partly
woody/ partly herbaceous)
 Mounded and slightly spreading
 Yearly pruning can keep it very neat
looking
 Foliage:
 Attractive gray-green color
 Lacy leaves
 Evergreen with water; drought
deciduous
 Roots: net-like
Fortunately, Lilac Verbena does
well in many S. CA gardens
8/6/2013
107
© Project SOUND
What will really attract you is the showy
flowers!!
 Blooms:
 usually April- Sept. in S. Bay
 Long bloom season; flowers open
sequentially along the stalk
Flowers:
 Lilac to pinkish
 Tiny; many on each flowering stalk
 Held above the foliage
 Spicy-fragrant
 Attract butterflies like a magnet
 Seeds:
 Small; in papery capsule
 Birds eat them
http://www.calflora.net/losangelesarboretum/whatsbloomingjan
07.html#verbena_lilacina
8/6/2013
108
© Project SOUND
Lilac Verbena enjoys a wide range of
garden conditions
 Soils:
 Texture: any but clay
 pH: any local
 Light: full sun best in most gardens;
part shade is ok
 Water:
 Winter: normal for season; don’t let
it get water-logged
 Summer:
 Tolerates anything from very little
to regular water
 Probably does best with infrequent
(every 2-4 weeks) deep water – will
keep it green & blooming
 Fertilizer: none needed
 Other: does best in areas with good
air circulation
Light summer pruning will encourage
fullness; prune to shape and remove
spent blooms in fall – if un-pruned it
will become woody
8/6/2013
109
© Project SOUND
Uses in the garden  Makes a great container plant
 A must for butterfly gardens –
be sure to plant where you can
enjoy them
 In mixed beds; look nice even
when not in bloom
 Good for gardens with either
red or blue color schemes
 Excellent bank cover or massed
as a tall groundcover
 Perfect small-scale foundation
plant
 Even looks magnificent in
hanging baskets
Verbena lilacina 'De La Mina' is a
readily-available cultivar with darker
flowers & slightly larger size
8/6/2013
110
Final Garden Plan - backyard
© Project SOUND
house
Vegetablegarden
walkway
Vegetablegarden
8/6/2013
111
We’ve taken a backyard that was mostly lawn
© Project SOUND
8/6/2013
112
Base map - backyard
© Project SOUND
house
VegetablegardenVegetablegarden
walkway
Water Zone 3
8/6/2013
113
And added some water-wise Water Zones
© Project SOUND
house
Vegetablegarden
walkway
Vegetablegarden
8/6/2013
114
We’ve learned how to choose plants that can
tolerate a little extra water (Water Zone 2-3)
 Look to plants from:
 Central and Northern CA,
particularly coastal areas
 Higher elevations – particularly
local mountains
 Riparian /wetland areas
 Cultivars – particularly those
from ‘moister than usual’ areas
 Plants that have a broad range
of water tolerance
© Project SOUND
http://www.virtualtourist.com/travel/North_America/United_States_of_America/California/San_
Francisco-755471/Things_To_Do-San_Francisco-Point_Reyes_National_Seashore-BR-1.html
8/6/2013
115
Plants with a broad range of water tolerance
have a better chance of thriving…
© Project SOUND
house
Vegetablegarden
walkway
Vegetablegarden
…in complex irrigation
situations like this
8/6/2013
116
Fortunately, many CA native plants are
more adaptable than we first thought…
https://nwwildflowers.wordpress.com/tag/spiraea-splendens/
http://www.researchlearningcenter.org/bloom/species/Dryopteris_arguta.htm
8/6/2013
117
…but Water Zone gardening makes gardens sustainable
© Project SOUND
house
Vegetablegarden
walkway
Vegetablegarden
8/6/2013
118
We’ve considered ways to make the garden
even more water efficient
© Project SOUND
house
Vegetablegarden
walkway
Vegetablegarden
walkway
8/6/2013
119
We’ve created a more water-wise solution
© Project SOUND
house
Vegetablegarden
walkway
Vegetablegarden
8/6/2013
120
That meets the goals we set for ourselves
© Project SOUND
house
Vegetablegarden
walkway
Vegetablegarden
 Swaths of grass – part of design
 Formal look; curved shapes
 Tree(s) provide shade
 Large shrubs as screen ; rest of plants
are smaller
 Plants form borders for beds
 Seating/dining area (8 ft)
8/6/2013
121
© Project SOUND
Let’s get going – out with the old lawn!

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Water Transition zones 2013

  • 1. 8/6/2013 1 © Project SOUND Out of the Wilds and Into Your Garden Gardening with California Native Plants in Western L.A. County Project SOUND – 2013 (our 9th year)
  • 2. 8/6/2013 2 © Project SOUND Natives on the Edge: Native plants that can survive near the lawn C.M. Vadheim and T. Drake CSUDH & Madrona Marsh Preserve Madrona Marsh Preserve August 3 & 6, 2013
  • 3. 8/6/2013 3 It’s August – the month for discussing water © Project SOUND
  • 4. 8/6/2013 4 Usually we focus on water-wise gardening © Project SOUND
  • 5. 8/6/2013 5 But sometimes we’re faced with the opposite problem - too much water © Project SOUND
  • 6. 8/6/2013 6 Common situations with a ‘little extra water’  Areas that get overspray from sprinklers  Areas near a neighbor’s well- watered garden  Areas near pools, ponds, birdbaths, fountains  Low-lying areas of the garden  Slowly draining areas © Project SOUND Transition areas between Water Zones
  • 7. 8/6/2013 7 Let’s say you have a large backyard lawn © Project SOUND http://www.doityourself.com/forum/lawns-landscaping/464275-turning-lawn-into-natural-area-good-idea.html
  • 8. 8/6/2013 8 Formal gardens appeal to you © Project SOUND …as does lots of green!
  • 9. 8/6/2013 9 The reality is, you need to cut back on water use © Project SOUND http://treepm.com/properties/listings/2511-borton-drive-santa-barbara-ca-93109/ …but you don’t want a landscape that would be more appropriate in Palm Springs http://museum2.utep.edu/exhibits/exhibits.htm
  • 10. 8/6/2013 10 Can we design a semi-formal, green, water-wise garden for our backyard? © Project SOUND
  • 11. 8/6/2013 11 Challenges  Plants/hardscape must have semi-formal appearance  Retain some green lawn (or lawn-like) areas  Decrease water use by ½  Have area be evergreen (or at least appear so)  Some plants are going to get a little extra water – those near the ‘lawn’ areas  Requires careful choice of design and plants © Project SOUND
  • 12. 8/6/2013 12 Base map - backyard © Project SOUND house 32 ft walkway VegetablegardenVegetablegarden See Mother Nature’s Backyard blog for more on drawing a base map N
  • 13. 8/6/2013 13 Current Design - backyard © Project SOUND house walkway VegetablegardenVegetablegarden 32 ft
  • 14. 8/6/2013 14 We find some pictures that inspire us © Project SOUND http://www.ub.uit.no/baser/arkinord/details.php?image_id=222 http://whimsicalhomeandgarden.com/what-garden-style-do-you- favor/httphouseandhome-comdesigncountry-garden-parterre/ http://www.cupolahouse.org/gardens.html
  • 16. 8/6/2013 16 What do we like?  Swaths of grass – part of design  Semi-formal look; curved shapes  Tree(s) provide shade  Large shrubs as screen ; rest of plants are smaller  Plants form borders for beds  Seating/dining area (8 ft) © Project SOUND http://jsiegeldesigns.blogspot.com/2008_07_01_archive.html http://www.cupolahouse.org/gardens.html http://st.houzz.com/simgs/5d8158fc01058bbd_4-7952/traditional-patio.jpg
  • 17. 8/6/2013 17 Oh yes, we also like pink & purple flowers © Project SOUND
  • 18. 8/6/2013 18 How to fit these desires into our available area © Project SOUND house walkway VegetablegardenVegetablegarden 32 ft
  • 19. 8/6/2013 19 Let’s begin by decreasing the grass area © Project SOUND house Vegetablegarden walkway Vegetablegarden Seating area walkway
  • 20. 8/6/2013 20 Add a shady seating nook – and more paths © Project SOUND house Vegetablegarden walkway Vegetablegarden Seating area
  • 21. 8/6/2013 21 ..and we end up with a workable plan © Project SOUND house Vegetablegarden walkway Vegetablegarden  Swaths of grass – part of design  Formal look; curved shapes  Tree(s) provide shade  Large shrubs as screen ; rest of plants are smaller  Plants form borders for beds  Seating/dining area (8 ft)
  • 22. 8/6/2013 22 Final design – decreases grass by ~ 1/2 © Project SOUND house Vegetablegarden walkway Vegetablegarden 7 ft 3 ft 10 ft 5 ft
  • 23. 8/6/2013 23 We’ll water the grass with low-flow sprinklers © Project SOUND house Vegetablegarden walkway Vegetablegarden
  • 24. 8/6/2013 24 There will be many areas with over-spray © Project SOUND house Vegetablegarden walkway Vegetablegarden
  • 25. 8/6/2013 25 What could we do to make the garden more water-wise (and our task easier)? © Project SOUND
  • 26. 8/6/2013 26 We could limit grass to the perimeter areas © Project SOUND house Vegetablegarden walkway Vegetablegarden
  • 27. 8/6/2013 27 But this class is about transitional Water Zones, so we’ll stick with the plan © Project SOUND house Vegetablegarden walkway Vegetablegarden
  • 28. 8/6/2013 28 © Project SOUND Planning ‘Water Use Zones’ should be an early step in planning your garden http://www.taunton.com/finegardening/pages/g00101.asp Pretty dry drought- tolerant plants Regular water ‘Water-wise’ ; occasional summer water
  • 29. 8/6/2013 29 © Project SOUND S. CA gardens have three Water Zones (hydro-zones)  Zone 1 – no supplemental water; soils are dry in summer/fall  Zone 2 – occasional summer water; soil is allowed to dry out between waterings  Zone 3 – regular water; soil is usually moist to soggy, even in summer.
  • 30. 8/6/2013 30 © Project SOUND Zone 1 – no summer water  Includes many S. CA native plants (coastal & desert):  Many native grasses  Native wildflowers  Native bulbs & corms  Many locally native perennials  Many locally native shrubs & trees  Includes non-native ‘Desert Plants’ from desert areas throughout the world This is the ‘natural condition’ for S. CA lowlands, even along the coast
  • 31. 8/6/2013 31 © Project SOUND Zone 2 – occasional summer water (soil is allowed to dry out between waterings)  Many S. CA native plants: both ‘opportunists’ and plants from slightly wetter CA climates  Trees  Large and small shrubs  Most native groundcovers  Some native grasses  Plants that experience ‘summer monsoons’
  • 32. 8/6/2013 32 © Project SOUND Zone 3 - regular water; soil moist even in summer  S. CA native wetland plants:  Ponds, lake-sides & wetlands  Stream sides & canyon bottoms – Riparian Community  Mountain meadows & seeps  Plants from more Northern climates  Some cultivars with natural ability to take regular water  Most non-native ‘Old CA Garden’ plants :  Lawns  Trees and shrubs from:  Tropical areas  Any place that gets plenty of summer rain  Vegetable gardens
  • 33. 8/6/2013 33 Today we are particularly interested in Water Zone 2 to 3 transition conditions © Project SOUND
  • 34. 8/6/2013 34 Let’s determine our actual Water Zones © Project SOUND house Vegetablegarden walkway Vegetablegarden
  • 35. 8/6/2013 35 Water Zones - backyard © Project SOUND house Vegetablegarden walkway Vegetablegarden 2-3 to 3 2-3 to 3 2 2 1-2to2 1-2to2 2 to 2-3 2to2-3
  • 36. 8/6/2013 36 Choose a ‘water-wise’ lawn grass  Fine textured and summer/ evergreen  Perhaps a Fescue blend  Needs to take sun (mostly) and some shade  Water 1-2 times per week – will decrease water use slightly  Mow high and occasionally – will also decrease water use © Project SOUND http://redwoodbarn.blogspot.com/2012/08/rethinking-lawns.html
  • 37. 8/6/2013 37 Then choose a shade tree that provides some ‘value added’ fruit © Project SOUND *Western Chokecherry – Prunus virginiana var. demissa http://www.bringingbackthenatives.net/dan-rademacher-and-tamara- schwarzs-garden Dwarf ‘Santa Rosa’ plum 8-10 ft tall & wide
  • 38. 8/6/2013 38 Water/shade Zones - backyard © Project SOUND house Vegetablegarden walkway Vegetablegarden N
  • 39. 8/6/2013 39 Next we choose some background shrubs © Project SOUND house Vegetablegarden walkway Vegetablegarden
  • 40. 8/6/2013 40 When choosing plants that can tolerate a little extra water (Water Zone 2-3)  Look to plants from:  Central and Northern CA, particularly coastal areas  Higher elevations – particularly local mountains  Riparian /wetland areas  Cultivars – particularly those from ‘moister than usual’ areas © Project SOUND http://www.virtualtourist.com/travel/North_America/United_States_of_America/California/San_ Francisco-755471/Things_To_Do-San_Francisco-Point_Reyes_National_Seashore-BR-1.html
  • 41. 8/6/2013 41 In fact, there are a surprising number of possibilities © Project SOUND
  • 42. 8/6/2013 42 Peripheral shrub choices: Sun/ Water Zone 2 to 2-3  ** Arctostaphylos densiflora ‘Harmony‘  ** Ceanothus ‘Ray Hartman’  Cornus glabrata  * Amorpha fruticosa  * Frangula/Rhamnus californica  * Holodiscus discolor  * Mahonia (Berberis) aquifolium  * Philadelphus lewisii  * Ribes malvaceum  Symphoricarpos albus var. laevigatus © Project SOUND Evergreen, proper size and ‘added value’
  • 43. 8/6/2013 43 © Project SOUND Common Snowberry – Symphoricarpos albus var. laevigatus © 2007 Neal Kramer
  • 44. 8/6/2013 44 © Project SOUND Common Snowberry – Symphoricarpos albus var. laevigatus  Western N. America from Alaska to CA, east to CO  In CA:  Foothills and lower mountain slopes  Locally: Catalina, San Fernando Valley  Shady woods, canyons, stream banks, N-facing slopes  Favors well-drained, moist, fertile soils but also grows on dry or rocky soils  Caprifoliaceae (Honeysuckle family) http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?2874,2898,0,2899 © 2004, Ben Legler
  • 45. 8/6/2013 45 © Project SOUND Characteristics of  Size:  3-8 ft tall (usually 3-6 ft)  3-6 ft wide; spreading  Growth form:  Winter-deciduous shrub  Many thin, arching branches  Mounding, then trailing/climbing  Foliage:  Often blue-green; delicate looking  Important cover plant for birds, small wildlife  Deer eat it; larval food for Vashti sphinx moth © 2002 James B. Gratiot
  • 46. 8/6/2013 46 © Project SOUND Plant Requirements  Soils:  Texture: any, including heavy clays; best on well-drained  pH: any local (6.0-8.0)  Light:  Full sun to full shade; part- shade is probably ideal  Would work well in/around other plants in a hedgerow  Water:  Winter: takes seasonal flooding  Summer: quite adaptable – depends on light conditions; best with occasional (Zone 2)  Fertilizer: none; likes poor soils  Other: fine with wind; maritime exposures© 2004, Ben Legler
  • 47. 8/6/2013 47 © Project SOUND Flowers are small & sweet  Blooms: summer; usually May-July in western L.A. County  Flowers:  Little and sweet; somewhat ‘manzanita-like’  Bell-like clusters  Near white to quite bright pink  Pollinated by bees, flies, other insect pollinators; hummingbirds visit  Seeds: best sown fresh in fall; long moist-cold treatment for stored seeds  Vegetative reproduction: spreading via rhizomes; not a ‘monster-invader’, but need to take out suckers © 2001 Lynn Overtree © 2004, Ben Legler
  • 48. 8/6/2013 48 © Project SOUND The name says it all : ‘Snowberries’  Ripen late summer/fall (often just before leaf drop in cooler climates)  Showy white clusters; remain on branches through winter  Palatable to thrushes, robins and other birds  Native peoples used as a mild soap or anti-perspirant – contain saponins (like Yucca; Soap-plant)  Many parts of plant were used medicinally – often for skin conditions, eyewash © 2004, Ben Legler
  • 49. 8/6/2013 49 © Project SOUND Snowberry: often used as a traditional shrub  Door-yard or foundation plant  As an accent plant in moist areas of the year  In dry shade under trees  In mixed shrub borders  Even in large planters, particularly mixed w/ other, contrasting shrubshttp://www.hort.uconn.edu/Plants/s/symalb/symalb1.html
  • 50. 8/6/2013 50 © Project SOUND Snowberry takes well to hedging  Shape makes a natural medium-sized hedge  Can be used as a tall groundcover on slopes  Easy to prune/shear into more formal hedge in late fall/winter  Nice addition to hedgerow – will climb up through other plants http://www.laspilitas.com/nature-of-california/plants/symphoricarpos-albus-laevigatus http://www.botany.cz/cs/symphoricarpos-albus/ Could also use Creeping Snowberry (Symphoricarpos mollis) near coast
  • 51. 8/6/2013 51 © Project SOUND Oregon Grape – Mahonia (Berberis) aquifolium © 2006 Louis-M. Landry
  • 52. 8/6/2013 52 © Project SOUND Oregon Grape – Mahonia (Berberis) aquifolium  Much of western N. America: Mexico to British Columbia  In CA:  Mostly N. CA  Also mountains & foothills throughout Ca – locally in San Gabriels  Slopes, canyons, coniferous forest, oak woodland, chaparral  In the Barberry family http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?Berberis+aquifolium http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=233500223
  • 53. 8/6/2013 53 © Project SOUND Oregon Grape: sized for the garden  Size:  3-8 ft tall  3-6 ft wide  Growth form:  Evergreen shrub; medium-slow growth  Stiff, upright branches; overall irregular or mounded form  Foliage:  Very attractive – leaves ‘holly-like’  Shiny dark green above; may give red color in fall/winter  Overall – coarse texture  Roots: spreads via rhizomes
  • 54. 8/6/2013 54 © Project SOUND  Soils:  Texture: pretty much any  pH: any local  Light:  Best in part-shade; can take full sun to very shady  Water:  Winter: likes water; can take some flooding  Summer: best with some supplemental water – Zone 2 to 2-3 (even 3)  Fertilizer: likes a good organic mulch; renew yearly Oregon Grape: not demanding at all
  • 55. 8/6/2013 55 © Project SOUND Flowers are a cheerful sight during rainy season  Blooms: winter/spring  Usually Feb-Apr in S. Bay  Blooms for 3-4 weeks  Flowers:  Bell-shaped & buttery yellow  In dense clusters – very showy against the darker leaves  Honey-like fragrance  Seeds:  Relatively large
  • 56. 8/6/2013 56 © Project SOUND Berries are tart but delicious  Can be eaten directly for a tasty zing!  Can be fermented with sugar to wine  Make nice, tart jellies – good with meats  Boil berries in soup to add flavor  Use to make sauces and marinades for ham, pork, chicken
  • 57. 8/6/2013 57 © Project SOUND Oregon Grape is a popular home shrub  foundation plant  mass plantings  shrub border  mixes well with other broadleaf evergreens  useful in shady spots  desirable for spring bloom, high quality summer foliage and blue fruit in fall
  • 58. 8/6/2013 58 Water/shade Zones - backyard © Project SOUND house Vegetablegarden walkway Vegetablegarden N
  • 59. 8/6/2013 59 Many potential ‘shady fillers’ on the list  Woody groundcovers  * Berberis (Mahonia) aquifolium var. repens  * Ceanothus gloriosus (and cultivars)  Ribes viburnifolium  * Spireae splendens  Herbaceous groundcovers and perennials  Achillea millefolia  Anemopsis californica  * Aquilegia formosa  Clinopodium (Satureja) douglasii  * Mentha arvensis © Project SOUND http://www.wildgingerfarm.com/Spirea.htm
  • 60. 8/6/2013 60 © Project SOUND * Rose Meadowsweet – Spiraea splendens ©2011 Kelsey Byers
  • 61. 8/6/2013 61 © Project SOUND * Rose Meadowsweet – Spiraea splendens ©2001 Carol Mattsson ©2010 Neal Kramer http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_cpn.pl?45211  Central CA north into Canada and extending east into Central Montana.  Along streams, lakes, in moist rocky areas, or open subalpine forests; elevations between 2000-11,000 ft  In Rose Family (Rosaceae); AKA: Dense Flowered Spiraea/ Mountain Spiraea
  • 62. 8/6/2013 62 © Project SOUND Rose Meadowsweet: sub-shrub or groundcover?  Size: (depends on conditions)  2-4+ ft tall  3-4+ ft wide  Growth form:  Many-branched shrub or sub-shrub  Erect to spreading habit  Winter deciduous; red- brown bark is attractive  Foliage:  Medium green  Simple leaves – rounded, look like garden plant
  • 63. 8/6/2013 63 © Project SOUND Flowers: pink  Blooms: in summer – usually June-July, but may be later  Flowers:  Individual flowers small; but densely packed into mounded clusters at branch ends  Color: medium to dark pink/magenta  Very pretty – a garden favorite  Nectar attracts wide range of butterflies Flowers appear ‘fuzzy’ because of extended stamens (like Phacelias)
  • 64. 8/6/2013 64 © Project SOUND Plant Requirements  Soils:  Texture: no special needs  pH: any local  Light:  Best flowering in full sun (with adequate water)  Part-shade also fine; give some afternoon shade in hot, dry gardens (it’s a mountain plant!)  Water:  Winter: supplement if needed  Summer: best with moderate watering (Zone 2-3); will take more or less  Other: organic mulches help keep soil moisture constant ©2010 Neal Kramer
  • 65. 8/6/2013 65 © Project SOUND Rose Meadowsweet: a garden favorite  In woodland garden with others that like a little moisture  As a groundcover under trees  In large containers – accent  In a butterfly garden Gary A. Monroe @ USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database http://www.nwplants.com/business/catalog/spi_spl.html Photo credit: cascade hiker / Foter / CC BY-NC-SA
  • 66. 8/6/2013 66 © Project SOUND Western (Red) Columbine – Aquilegia formosa
  • 67. 8/6/2013 67 © Project SOUND Western (Red) Columbine – Aquilegia formosa http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=233500105  Western N. America from Baja CA to AK  Locally – San Gabriel Mtns.  Streambanks, seeps, moist places, chaparral, oak woodland, mixed-evergreen or coniferous forest to 8000 ft elevation“var. hypolasia” “var. truncata” http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?6434,6448,6450
  • 68. 8/6/2013 68 © Project SOUND Characteristics of Western Columbine  Size:  2-3 ft tall  2-3 ft wide  Growth form:  Clumping, mounded perennial  Dies back in late summer/fall  May be short-lived (3-5 yrs)  Foliage:  Open, rounded leaves are deeply incised  Delicate appearing  Color: medium green to blue- green  Roots: used medicinally – somewhat toxic
  • 69. 8/6/2013 69 © Project SOUND Hummingbird flowers are distinctive  Blooms: spring-summer; often June-July in local gardens  Flowers:  Red petals & sepals; yellow reproductive parts  Shape distinctive to Columbines  Flowers nod on graceful stems  Attract hummingbirds!!  Seeds:  Sweetly fragrant; can be used in sachet Image © 2004, Ben Legler
  • 70. 8/6/2013 70 © Project SOUND Plant Requirements  Soils:  Texture: most  pH: any local – pH 4.5-8.0  Light: best with some shade  Dappled shade, under trees  Afternoon shade  Won’t flower well if too shady  Water:  Winter: needs adequate  Summer: best with near- regular water – Water Zone 2-3 or even 3  Fertilizer: none; likes poor soils  Other: likes leaf mulch http://www.elnativogrowers.com/Photographs_page/aqufor.htm
  • 71. 8/6/2013 71 © Project SOUND Columbines work well in many gardens  In a shady woodland garden with ferns  Under trees (including oaks, if summer-dry)  Combined with other water-loving garden plants http://www.paulnoll.com/Oregon/Wildflower/plant-Columbine-Red.html http://encinitasnatives.blogspot.com/2013/04/perennial-herbs.html http://www.edelbrandbrennerei.at/page11.php
  • 72. 8/6/2013 72 What do we want around our bench? © Project SOUND http://www.wildgingerfarm.com/Spirea.htm http://sjgbloom2012.wordpress.com/2012/06/20/spirea-japonica-alpina-%E2%80%A2-alpine- spirea-3/ http://www.doakcreeknursery.com/images/Aquilegia-formosa.jpg http://www.growiser.net/aquilegia-formosa-western-columbine.html http://www.edelbrandbrennerei.at/page11.php http://www.houzz.com/photos/9 20328/Campania-International- Autumn-Leaves-Cast-Stone- Backless-Garden-Bench- contemporary-outdoor-stools- and-benches-
  • 73. 8/6/2013 73 © Project SOUND house Vegetablegarden walkway Vegetablegarden 7 ft 3 ft 10 ft 5 ft Now to the formal beds: size is an issue
  • 74. 8/6/2013 74 Let’s plan the shady moist south beds first © Project SOUND house Vegetablegarden walkway Vegetablegarden
  • 75. 8/6/2013 75 We’d like to plant a living border the beds: neat appearance – but not a lot of work  Plant characteristics  Evergreen (if possible)  Small size - < 2 ft  Compact, mounded form  Interesting/contrasting foliage  Won’t require too much maintenance to keep it looking like a neat border © Project SOUND http://www.mooseyscountrygarden.com/chelsea-flower- show/chelsea-flowers-on-show-2.html
  • 76. 8/6/2013 76 Two groups of CA native plants stand out as potential border plants  Heuchera species – Coral bells  Some Carex species - Sedges © Project SOUND http://www.dovetail-design.co.uk/Low_Maintenance http://www.anno2000tuinen.nl/tuinontwerp-groenadvies-hovenier- tuinonderhoud-tuinplanten/diensten/plantadvies/siergrassen.html
  • 77. 8/6/2013 77 Island Alumroot – Heuchera maxima http://kristamaxwell.com/garden/photos.html Heuchera maxima (tall), sanguinea (dark) & elegans
  • 78. 8/6/2013 78 Island Alumroot – Heuchera maxima  The genus Heuchera: 50 species: found only in North America & Mexico; 13 in California  Name origin: honors J.H. von Heucher, German professor of medicine and botany, 1677–1747  A very difficult genus, highly variable at many levels and needing much additional research.  Island Alumroot is found naturally only in the northern Channel Islands http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?Heuchera+maxima
  • 79. 8/6/2013 79 Island Alumroot in nature  Moist shady areas in chaparral and coastal sage scrub on N. Channel Islands:  moist, shady, north-facing canyon bottoms,  Canyon walls  Moist cliffs  Seacliffs  Low elevations http://www.centerforplantconservation.org/ASP/CPC_ProfileImage.asp?FN=2240a
  • 80. 8/6/2013 80 Plant characteristics: Island Alumroot  Growth form: clumping – low mounds of leaves on long petioles  Foliage: leaves rounded or heart-shaped, may be variegated  Roots: long taproot – more drought tolerant than non-CA species Flowers: late winter-mid-spring  White to light pink  Bell-shaped  On long stems well above the foliage
  • 81. 8/6/2013 81 Island Alumroot: Easy to grow  Sun: full sun on the coast, part shade anywhere; can take quite shady  Soils:  Any well-drained – sandy is best  Any pH except very acidic  Nutrients: organic supplements, mulches are useful  Water:  Regular water to establish  2-4 times a month (especially in summer and at inland locations) to keep plants looking green and lengthen bloom.  Fairly drought tolerant in shady sites – just look a little raggedy with summer drought  Maintenance:  Mulch  Remove dead foliage  Divide every 3-5 years – when flowering decreases http://www.thegardengeek.com/content/heuchera-maxima-giant-heuchera
  • 82. 8/6/2013 82 Heucheras in the garden  Woodland and shade gardens or borders  For cut flowers  Habitat for bees and hummingbirds  As a groundcover in shady parts of the garden, including under trees (oaks & pines)  In pots  To line walkways  Attractive foliage as well as flowers – plant where you can enjoy it  And it even re-seeds itself! http://www.elnativogrowers.com/Photographs_pag e/heuchera_maxima.htm
  • 83. 8/6/2013 83 Heuchera hybrids  Bred for both foliage and flower color characteristics  Active area in horticulture  Some of best known (and now widely available) were developed by Dr. Lee W. Lenz at Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Gardens  Heuchera maxima x H. sanguinea hybrids:  'Genevieve‘ – large marbled leaves with pink & white flowers  'Opal‘ – large green leaves with pale pink-white flowers  'Santa Ana Cardinal‘ – dark, shiny leaves with rose-red flowers  'Susanna‘ – red flowers  'Wendy' - compact with bright pink flowers
  • 84. 8/6/2013 84 Heucheras will border the shady moist south beds © Project SOUND house Vegetablegarden walkway Vegetablegarden
  • 85. 8/6/2013 85 Now to fill the beds with something easy © Project SOUND house Vegetablegarden walkway Vegetablegarden
  • 86. 8/6/2013 86 What to combine with Heuchera border smaller plants (< 3 ft) – moist shade  Ferns  Adiantum  Aquilegia  Dryopteris arguta  Low herbaceous groundcovers  Fragaria – strawberries  Yerba Buena; other mints  Whipplea modesta  Other perennials  Oxalis oregana  Apocynum cannabinum – Indian Hemp  Many others © Project SOUND
  • 87. 8/6/2013 87 © Project SOUND Modesty – Whipplea modesta ©2004 Steve Matson
  • 88. 8/6/2013 88  AKA: Yerba de selva (woodland plant)  Northern CA coast to OR  Whipplea : monotypic genus (contains the single species) Whipplea modesta  Family: ?? Philadelphus/Hydrangeaceae © Project SOUND Modesty – Whipplea modesta ©2012 Gary A. Monroe Gary A. Monroe @ USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database
  • 89. 8/6/2013 89 The Hydrangeas - Family Hydrangeaceae  ~ 115 species; 10-12 genera  Some taxonomist include closely related Philadephus & Carpenteria; others separate out these into Philadelphaceae (Mock Orange family)  Widespread North temperate and subtropical – Asia, N. America & Europe; Andes from Mexico to Chile  Includes shrubs, perennials and vines  Common garden plants: Hydrangea; Broussaisia (Hawaii) © Project SOUND http://msl-methods-09- 10.wikispaces.com/Hydrangea+macrophylla++(Tara+Hill) Hydrangea macrophylla common garden plant - Japan http://www.botany.hawaii.edu/faculty/carr/images/bro_arg_mid.jpg
  • 90. 8/6/2013 90 © Project SOUND Modesty is, in many respects, modest  Size:  < 1 ft tall  3-4+ ft wide  Growth form:  Varies with conditions: perennial herb to shrub or vine; usually groundcover-like  Partly-herbaceous; evergreen with water  Many-branched; will root  Foliage:  Simple leaves; aromatic  Attractive in it’s simplicity – complements other plants ©2009 Terry Dye ©2004 Steve Matson
  • 91. 8/6/2013 91 © Project SOUND Sweet little flowers  Blooms: in spring - usually in May-June in our area  Flowers:  Small white flowers  In clusters at ends of erect stems  Plants can be literally covered in blooms – very unusual for native groundcover  Fruits: leathery capsule; eaten by birds  Vegetative reproduction: ©2004 Steve Matson
  • 92. 8/6/2013 92 © Project SOUND Plant Requirements  Soils:  Texture: likes well-drained, but not really picky  pH: any local  Light:  Part-shade to quite shady  Dappled sunlight under trees  Water:  Winter: adequate  Summer: needs some water to look good – Water Zone 2-3 would be good  Fertilizer: none; likes poor soils; would accept light fertilizer  Other: organic mulch ©2013 Larry Beckerman
  • 93. 8/6/2013 93 © Project SOUND Modesty is charming  On slopes; good stabilizer  Under trees; other shady areas  Pair with Heucheras, ferns, Douglas Iris, Yerba Buena  As an attractive pot plant ©2011 Dylan Neubauer http://www.baynatives.com/plants/Whipplea-modesta/
  • 94. 8/6/2013 94 On to the sunny northern beds © Project SOUND house Vegetablegarden walkway Vegetablegarden
  • 95. 8/6/2013 95 © Project SOUND * Brown/ Rusty Sedge – Carex subfusca ©2006 Steve Matson
  • 96. 8/6/2013 96  Western U.S., usually mountains in California  Locally – San Gabriels  Seasonally moist mountain meadows, along watercourses < 12,000 ft  Pine forests, Southern Oak Woodland, Foothill Woodland © Project SOUND * Brown Sedge – Carex subfusca http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx ?flora_id=1&taxon_id=242357566 http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?7928,7931,8065 http://www.forestryimages.org/browse/subthumb.cfm?sub=26803
  • 97. 8/6/2013 97 © Project SOUND Brown Sedge is an attractive Carex  Size:  < 1 ft tall  2-4+ ft wide, spreading  Growth form:  Spreading – ‘sod-forming’ sedge  Fast-growing  Becomes like a natural lawn  Foliage:  Fine textured; grass-like  Roots:  Spreads via rhizomes ©2006 Steve Matson
  • 98. 8/6/2013 98 Sedges: two main types  Bunching sedges  Remain as a mounded clump – like a bunch grass  Have very short/no rhizomes  Expand slowly  Running/sod-like sedges  Spread – like sod; often quickly  Become like a sod lawn © Project SOUNDhttp://search.linders.com/12070003/Plant/4425/Gray's_Sedge http://rwa.watersavingplants.com/eplant.php?plantnum=174&return=l1 http://vinesandgroundcovers.blogspot.com/2012/02/carex- pansa.html Carex tumulticola Carex pansa
  • 99. 8/6/2013 99 © Project SOUND Showy among sedges  Blooms: spring – when weather is warm  Flowers:  Typical, wind-pollinated flowers of sedges  At tips of stems  Seeds:  Large; turn red-brown and are quite attractive  Eaten by water birds ©2011 Dylan Neubauer USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database / Hurd, E.G., N.L. Shaw, J. Mastrogiuseppe, L.C. Smithman, and S. Goodrich. 1998. Field guide to Intermountain sedges. General Technical Report RMS-GTR-10. USDA Forest Service, RMRS, Ogden.
  • 100. 8/6/2013 100 © Project SOUND Brown sedge is easy to grow  Soils:  Texture: any  pH: any local  Light:  Full sun to part-shade; adaptable  Water:  Winter: can take flooding  Summer: adaptable; very drought tolerant in shade. Looks best with moderate water in summer  Fertilizer: none; likes poor soils  Other: spreads; may need to contain ©2006 Steve Matson
  • 101. 8/6/2013 101 © Project SOUND Versatile Brown Sedge  In rain gardens, dry swales  As an easy-care lawn substitute  Around ponds, pools  Under trees http://www.smgrowers.com/products/plants/plantdisplay.asp?plant_id=2329 http://www.bloomingadvantage.com/Ca rex-subfusca.html http://jan.ucc.nau.edu/plants- c/bio414/species%20pages/Carex%20sp.htm http://www.sm.watersavingplants.com/eplant.php?plantnum=24602&r eturn=l6_aK
  • 102. 8/6/2013 102 Berkeley Sedge – Carex tumulticola © Project SOUND Consider size and growth characteristics before choosing a plant
  • 103. 8/6/2013 103 Finally we can use some water-wise Zone 2 plants as fillers  Wide selection to choose from:  Shrubs  Sub-shrubs  Perennials  Ferns  Grasses/grass-like plants CA Fuschia – Epilobium canum Ashy-leaf Buckwheat California Marshlavender Limonium californicum Lilac Verbena
  • 104. 8/6/2013 104 © Project SOUND Lilac (Cedros Island) Verbena – Verbena lilacena
  • 105. 8/6/2013 105 © Project SOUND Lilac (Cedros Island) Verbena – Verbena lilacena  Found only on Cedros Island, off Baja CA (an ‘island endemic’)  In the wild, grows in canyons and on coastal bluffs in an ocean-influenced desert scrubland  This island has many interesting plant & animal species http://www.search.com/reference/Cedros_Island
  • 106. 8/6/2013 106 © Project SOUND Lilac Verbena is well suited to the home garden  Size:  2-4 ft tall  3-5 ft wide  Growth form:  Perennial sub-shrub (small; partly woody/ partly herbaceous)  Mounded and slightly spreading  Yearly pruning can keep it very neat looking  Foliage:  Attractive gray-green color  Lacy leaves  Evergreen with water; drought deciduous  Roots: net-like Fortunately, Lilac Verbena does well in many S. CA gardens
  • 107. 8/6/2013 107 © Project SOUND What will really attract you is the showy flowers!!  Blooms:  usually April- Sept. in S. Bay  Long bloom season; flowers open sequentially along the stalk Flowers:  Lilac to pinkish  Tiny; many on each flowering stalk  Held above the foliage  Spicy-fragrant  Attract butterflies like a magnet  Seeds:  Small; in papery capsule  Birds eat them http://www.calflora.net/losangelesarboretum/whatsbloomingjan 07.html#verbena_lilacina
  • 108. 8/6/2013 108 © Project SOUND Lilac Verbena enjoys a wide range of garden conditions  Soils:  Texture: any but clay  pH: any local  Light: full sun best in most gardens; part shade is ok  Water:  Winter: normal for season; don’t let it get water-logged  Summer:  Tolerates anything from very little to regular water  Probably does best with infrequent (every 2-4 weeks) deep water – will keep it green & blooming  Fertilizer: none needed  Other: does best in areas with good air circulation Light summer pruning will encourage fullness; prune to shape and remove spent blooms in fall – if un-pruned it will become woody
  • 109. 8/6/2013 109 © Project SOUND Uses in the garden  Makes a great container plant  A must for butterfly gardens – be sure to plant where you can enjoy them  In mixed beds; look nice even when not in bloom  Good for gardens with either red or blue color schemes  Excellent bank cover or massed as a tall groundcover  Perfect small-scale foundation plant  Even looks magnificent in hanging baskets Verbena lilacina 'De La Mina' is a readily-available cultivar with darker flowers & slightly larger size
  • 110. 8/6/2013 110 Final Garden Plan - backyard © Project SOUND house Vegetablegarden walkway Vegetablegarden
  • 111. 8/6/2013 111 We’ve taken a backyard that was mostly lawn © Project SOUND
  • 112. 8/6/2013 112 Base map - backyard © Project SOUND house VegetablegardenVegetablegarden walkway Water Zone 3
  • 113. 8/6/2013 113 And added some water-wise Water Zones © Project SOUND house Vegetablegarden walkway Vegetablegarden
  • 114. 8/6/2013 114 We’ve learned how to choose plants that can tolerate a little extra water (Water Zone 2-3)  Look to plants from:  Central and Northern CA, particularly coastal areas  Higher elevations – particularly local mountains  Riparian /wetland areas  Cultivars – particularly those from ‘moister than usual’ areas  Plants that have a broad range of water tolerance © Project SOUND http://www.virtualtourist.com/travel/North_America/United_States_of_America/California/San_ Francisco-755471/Things_To_Do-San_Francisco-Point_Reyes_National_Seashore-BR-1.html
  • 115. 8/6/2013 115 Plants with a broad range of water tolerance have a better chance of thriving… © Project SOUND house Vegetablegarden walkway Vegetablegarden …in complex irrigation situations like this
  • 116. 8/6/2013 116 Fortunately, many CA native plants are more adaptable than we first thought… https://nwwildflowers.wordpress.com/tag/spiraea-splendens/ http://www.researchlearningcenter.org/bloom/species/Dryopteris_arguta.htm
  • 117. 8/6/2013 117 …but Water Zone gardening makes gardens sustainable © Project SOUND house Vegetablegarden walkway Vegetablegarden
  • 118. 8/6/2013 118 We’ve considered ways to make the garden even more water efficient © Project SOUND house Vegetablegarden walkway Vegetablegarden walkway
  • 119. 8/6/2013 119 We’ve created a more water-wise solution © Project SOUND house Vegetablegarden walkway Vegetablegarden
  • 120. 8/6/2013 120 That meets the goals we set for ourselves © Project SOUND house Vegetablegarden walkway Vegetablegarden  Swaths of grass – part of design  Formal look; curved shapes  Tree(s) provide shade  Large shrubs as screen ; rest of plants are smaller  Plants form borders for beds  Seating/dining area (8 ft)
  • 121. 8/6/2013 121 © Project SOUND Let’s get going – out with the old lawn!