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Cuttings Garden - Notes
1.
1/6/2013 Out of the
Wilds and Into Your Garden The Cuttings Garden C.M. Vadheim and T. Drake CSUDH & Madrona Marsh Preserve Gardening with Western L.A. County Native Plants Madrona Marsh Preserve Project SOUND – 2011 (our 7th year) April 2 & 5, 2011 © Project SOUND © Project SOUND Do you like cut-flowers? Cut-flowers make our lives more colorful and interesting http://www.paintingmania.com/young-girl-hat- http://decor4you.blogspot.com/2007_09_01_archive.html decorated-wildflowers-9_6401.html © Project SOUND © Project SOUND 1
2.
1/6/2013 How do
you want to use your cut- Should you have a cuttings garden? flowers Light use Occasional arrangements featuring plants that are currently blooming To supplement non-native flowers Won’t require as much planning Heavy use Regular (weekly) arrangements Special occasions that require lots of flowers ‘flower-laden’ bouquets Will require you to think about supply requirements http://www.flickr.com/photos/atweed/4406640979/ http://botanicalgarden.berkeley.edu/waterwise/images/03_Allium-unifolium2.jpg http://drystonegarden.com/index.php/2010/05/ © Project SOUND © Project SOUND Advantages to creating a cuttings Cuttings gardens need not be unattractive… garden …but it’s sensible to locate them in Where flowers are used in large volume an area where they are not a focal in the home, their removal from borders point when not at their peak. and other landscaped areas may detract from the intended effect. Old-time gardeners often included cut-flowers in the vegetable By providing a special cut-flower garden, the gardener can plan for these needs garden where they could tend and without diminishing landscape plantings. harvest them easily. The well-planned cutting garden also Finer estates would sometimes offers another very practical advantage: have a separate area devoted to annuals and perennials may be conveniently and efficiently grown in rows producing the favorite cut-flowers or raised beds/containers where they are of the family. easily gathered and maintained. http://www.sunset.com/travel/outdoor- © Project SOUND adventure/bring-bainbridge-home-00400000016341/ © Project SOUND http://www.french-gardens.com/gardens/chateau-de-bosmelet.php 2
3.
1/6/2013
What makes a good cut-flower? The ‘traditional’ home grown cut- flowers span the seasons Interesting flowers Winter and early spring Nice shape Daffodils: October to April Large size Cymbidium orchids: January to June Pretty or unusual colors Late spring and summer Other characteristics Tulips: May to June Scented flower or foliage Agapanthus: June to August Interesting foliage Lilies: June to August Delphiniums: June to July Good ‘holding power’ Roses: June to September Sweet peas: June to August Look good for at least 3-4 Dahlias: July to September days if not longer Autumn http://www.fs.fed.us/wildflowers/plant-of-the-week/eschscholzia_californica.shtml Chrysanthemums: Oct. to December http://druidnetwork.org/ethical/articles/cutflowers http://thegarden-remodel.blogspot.com/2009/08/wildflower-bouquet.html © Project SOUND © Project SOUND An early spring bouquet Woolyleaf Ceanothus – Ceanothus tomentosus Inspiration from the past… © 2010 Barry Breckling http://www.righthealth.com/topic/ceanothus_americanus/Images © Project SOUND © Project SOUND http://www.associatedcontent.com/article/1959198/lilac_bouq uets_the_scientific_method.html 3
4.
1/6/2013
Woolyleaf Ceanothus – Ceanothus tomentosus Woolyleaf Ceanothus is a large shrub Foothills and lower (< 3500 ft) Size: elevations of Sierra Nevada, 6-12 ft tall South Coast, San Bernardino Mountains, Peninsular Ranges 6-10 ft wide South into Baja Growth form: Dense, woody shrub Scattered on dry, shrubby Slender branches with slopes in chaparral reddish bark http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?6586,6589,6649 Moderate growth rate Introduced into cultivation in California by Theodore Payne. Foliage: © 2009 Thomas Stoughton Leaves medium to gray- ‘"A medium sized shrub 4 to 8 green; shiny above, hairy feet high, with rather slender beneath branches and reddish brown Evergreen bark. “ © Project SOUND © Project SOUND http://www.flickr.com/photos/codiferous/417993994/ Woolyleaf Ceanothus: Soils: Flowers: Ceanothus Chaparral species Texture: well-drained, rocky pH: any local Blooms: Early spring - usually in Light: Feb-Mar or Apr in western Full sun L.A. Co. Water: Flowers: Winter: needs good winter Color ranges from very light rains; supplement if needed © 2009 Thomas Stoughton blue to bright blue – see it in Summer: best with occasional bloom before purchasing © 2008 Chris Winchell water (Zone 1-2; maybe 2 in Typical small Ceanothus very well-drained soils) flowers in dense clusters – make a wonderful bouquet Fertilizer: use an organic mulch to Sweet scent supply additional nutrients Attracts bees Other: prune after blooming Seeds: in sticky capsule that period if needed/desired; can be opens, releasing seeds trained to tree or hedge-sheared © 2001 Michelle Cloud-Hughes http://www.sdnhm.org/fieldguide/plants/cean-tom.html © Project SOUND http://www.worldbotanical.com/ceanothus.htm © Project SOUND 4
5.
1/6/2013
Many ways to use Ceanothus is striking with other spring bloomers As a large evergreen accent shrub Trained as a small tree Espaliered along a wall In a hedge or hedgerow Etc. http://mostlymedicinals.blogspot.com/ © 2010 Barry Breckling http://www.westernhort.org/plant_notes200804%20.html http://flowerbrained.com/2009/12 © 2001 George W. Hartwell /05/man-flowers/ http://www.theodorepayne.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Ceanothus_tomentosus_var._olivaceus © Project SOUND © Project SOUND http://picasaweb.google.com/lh/photo/nSqhmSsqrKnvy1WCu96HnQ The same color tricks we learned in garden design also apply to Purples theme floral arrangements – late spring Eriogonum fasciculatum (or any white-flowered buckwheat) Eriogonum grande http://www.flickr.com/photos/dballentine/3655531259/ rubescens Salvia clevelandii (or any Salvia) http://www.soenyun.com/Blog/tag/cut-flowers/ http://iometro.blogspot.com/2010/11/color-spotlight.html © Project SOUND © Project SOUND http://decor4you.blogspot.com/2007_09_01_archive.html 5
6.
1/6/2013 Common perennials have
long been Bluedicks – Dichelostemma capitatum ssp. capitatum popular as cut flowers Achillea millefolia Aster species Allium species Aquilegia Ascepias species Coreopsis species Dryopteris & other ferns Helianthus species Iris species Lilium species Penstemon species Spring bulbs http://biology.csusb.edu/PlantGuideFolder/DichelostemmaCap/DichelostemmaCapPlant800.jpg © Project SOUND * Wild Hyacinth – Dichelostemma multiflorum * Wild Hyacinth – Dichelostemma multiflorum NW California, n Sierra Nevada, uncommon in San Francisco Bay Area Open woodlands, foothill grasslands, scrublands Formerly Brodiaea multiflora ; AKA Wildtooth Snakelily http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1 &taxon_id=242101566 J.S. Peterson @ USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database © Project SOUND http://www.csuchico.edu/biol/Herb/curator/bidwell_park_04-02-05/Maidu_Trail_4-2-05.htm © Project SOUND http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?8349,8535,8541 6
7.
1/6/2013
Wild Hyacinth is a typical Dichelostema Dichelostema are easy & reliable from corms Size: Plant bigger corms 3-4 inches 1-2 ft tall deep and smaller corms 1-2 inches < 1 ft wide deep Growth form: Plant in well-drained soil; garden or pot Perennial from a corm in full sun (plants can tolerate Dies back to corn kin dry afternoon sun) summers; re-sprouts with the in the autumn – just before the fall/winter rains © 2002 Christina Raving rains Foliage: Space the corms 1-6 inches apart. Strap-like leaves If gophers are a problem, dig a Leaves start to die back before hole and line it with chicken wire spring flowering mesh or make a cage for corms. Corm: can bed baked & eaten like Water the plants (wet, not soggy) new potatoes and then wait for the winter rains. Mark W. Skinner @ USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database © Project SOUND © Project SOUND http://www.theodorepayne.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Image:Dichelostemma_multiflorum2.jpg http://www.serg.sdsu.edu/SERG/restorationproj/woodlandgrassland/pen can/penasquitos_final.htm Flowers: showier than Dichelostema are very easy to grow from seed Blue Dicks Use seed collected from local sources Blooms: in spring - usually Mar- Best planted in fall – stratify (cold April (but may be as early as Feb & late as May) exposure) if other Flowers: Scatter seeds and rake them lightly http://www.pacificbulbsociety.org/pbswiki/index.php/dichelostemma into well-drained soil ; full or partial Typical small, trumpet-shaped flowers of Dichelostema sunlight. Flowers in ball-like clusters at http://hazmac.biz/080421/080421DichelostemmaMultiflorum.html Water the seeds after planting and ends of long stalks water again when the surface is dry to Color: lavender or purple; may the touch. Water the seeds gently so be more pink you don’t exhume the seed. Loved by Skipper butterflies Light sweet scent Protect the seeds from animals and cold, dry winds, and from weed competition Charles Webber © California Academy of Sciences © Project SOUND 7
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1/6/2013 Dichelostema (and
other bulbs) can be started in pots Summer dry - required Soils: Texture: any well-drained Plant as usual; cover lightly pH: any local Water seedlings through the spring. Light: Full sun & warm; thrives on hot, At the beginning of hot weather, when sunny conditions, can plant near leaves start to yellow, cease watering rocks, rock mulch During summer: Water: Move pots to a darker area, such as a Winter/spring: needs adequate carport, garage or dry shady spot outdoors water through blooming period; Keep a screen on pots to keep out foraging taper off watering as blooms wane animals. After blooming: Zone 1; must have When the weather cools down again, move summer dry for corm health & the pots back outside and go through a good seed set full rain or watering cycle once again. Fertilizer: none; likes poor soils Will take several years (usually 3) to Other: thin corms every 3 years (or reach flowering size when become crowded) in fall © 2008 Steve Matson © Project SOUND Dichelostema brighten CA native bulb Feb-Mar the spring garden Blue Dicks/Wild Hyacinth calendar Local Oniona (Allium) As an attractive pot plant Sisyrinchium begins Early Calochortus Tucked around summer-dry shrubs In prairie/grassland planting Mar-April Sisyrinchium Be sure to include in spring bouquets N. Coastal Onions Meadow Onion Coastal Onion Goldenstars © 2004 Carol W. Witham Calochortus May-June CA native bulbs are perfect Calochortus for those difficult to water Lilies areas of the garden http://www.flickr.com/photos/atweed/4406640979/ http://www.flickr.com/photos/clairewoods/3552292585/ © Project SOUND © Project SOUND 8
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Some onions make good cut flowers The Wild Onions – genus Allium Over fifty species of Alliums growing in CA. Most are easy to grow & multiply rapidly in the garden. Species that are native to the mountains or moist meadows, such as Allium unifolium, prefer full sun and regular watering all season. The majority of wild onions are from dry, rocky habitats and need good drainage with summer drought. Most Alliums are well-suited to rock gardens, where they can be planted in colonies among http://www.flickr.com/photos/22744855@N08/fa vorites/page12/ short-growing Brodiaeas. Their lovely pompom blooms can also be displayed to advantage when planted in groups towards the front of the mixed, dry perennial border. Unfortunately, our local Allium haematochiton is not one of them © Project SOUND © Project SOUND Meadow Onion – Allium unifolium Two types of Alliums Allium species can be lumped into two types, those that have true bulbs, and those that grow from rhizomes with less-developed vestigial bulbs attached to them. The bulbous alliums tend to grow and flower early, then go completely dormant afterwards. The "rhizomatous" alliums tend to be season-long growers and flower much later in summer. © Project SOUND http://www.calfloranursery.com/images/pics/a_b/allium_unifolium.jpg © Project SOUND 9
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Meadow Onion: looks like an ornamental Meadow Onion – Allium unifolium onion Size: Native to NW and western 1-2 ft tall; may need to stake < 2 ft wide central CA (down to Santa Barbara co.) – lower Growth form: herbaceous elevations perennial from a bulb Foliage: Grassy stream banks in pine Medium to gray-green http://www.efloras.org/object_page.aspx?object_id=8237&flora_id=1 or mixed evergreen forest Leaves strap-like; remain green in the coastal ranges through flowering (tips may yellow) Sometimes on cliffs near http://drystonegarden.com/index.php/category/plants/california-natives-plants/bulbs/ the ocean Bulbs: not what you usually think of as an onion; small & rounded – at ends of short rhizomes Usually in moist clay or serpentine soils Plant bulbs 2” deep in fall © Project SOUND © Project SOUND http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?8349,8354,8422 Flowers: ooh-la-la!! Easy even in Soils: conventional gardens Texture: well-drained Blooms: pH: any local Spring-summer; usually May- June but varies with weather Light: full sun to light shade; ½ day sun works just fine (heat; rains) Blooms for ~ 3 weeks Water: Flowers: Winter: needs good winter rains; supplement if needed Super-showy; pink or lavender, pastel Summer: takes some summer water Typical for onions; small star- © 2007 Mike Ireland (Zone 2 or 2-3; let dry out in late shaped flowers in open cluster summer/fall); other bulb species for Makes a lovely cut flower – summer water include Allium validum sweet fragrance (Pacific/ Swamp Onion) and Triteleia peduncularis (Marsh Triteleia) Seeds: Small, black seeds in papery Fertilizer: fine with some fertilizer & capsule organic amendments Easy to collect & grow Other: may need to thin occasionally © 2007 Neal Kramer © Project SOUND © Project SOUND http://www.ecrater.com/product.php?pid=6093442 http://drystonegarden.com/index.php/2010/05/ 10
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For garden or bouquet Tricks for maintaining CA native bulbs As an showy container plant With non-native bulbs or natives that require a little water In rain garden, swale or veg. garden Sunny edges in a woodland garden http://drystonegarden.com/index.php/2009/04/allium-unifolium/ Will naturalize – lovely massed Maintenance tip: In early summer, remove the dried stalks for neatness. Be sure to collect the seeds for propagation or for trading with fellow gardeners. © Project SOUND © Project SOUND Harvesting & preparing your cut-flowers Keys to Keeping Cut Flowers Fresh Harvest during the coolest time of day when they are crisp and turgid—early Give them water. morning or late evening. Remove lower foliage that would remain Give them food. underwater in the storage container. Protect them from Cut stems with a sharp instrument, making the cuts underwater if possible. decay or infection. This prevents air bubbles from 'clogging' http://www.finegardening.com/plants/articles/allur the stems. Keep them cool and out of direct sunlight. e-of-lavender.aspx Place the materials in clean containers of lukewarm water with preservative added (room temperature up to 100 degrees F.). http://www.fancypantsweddings.com/diy-wedding-flower-diaster-judy-hates- © Project SOUND it/wilted-flowers/ © Project SOUND 11
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Cut-flower preservatives Making your own floral preservative – experiment to see what works with Contain nutrients, preservatives different species & disinfectants Can be purchased (probably Cut Flower Preservative Recipe #1 better) or made at home 2 cups lemon-lime carbonated beverage (e.g., Sprite™ or 7-Up™) (cheaper & probably OK) 1/2 teaspoon household chlorine bleach 2 cups warm water Mix the floral preservative using Cut Flower Preservative Recipe #2 warm water (100-110°F or 38- 2 tablespoons fresh lemon juice or white vinegar 40°C) because it will move into 1 to 2 tablespoon sugar (use 2 with vinegar) the stems more effectively than 1/2 teaspoon household chlorine bleach cold water. Chlorine in tap water 1 quart warm water http://www.hk94.com/B002SVJP5U.shtml is fine, since it acts as a natural disinfectant. © Project SOUND © Project SOUND Managing your cut-flowers: cleanliness Designing flower arrangement is a course in itself Always keep cut material in water while designing. This will prevent wilt due to the loss of water through transpiration. Always design in clean containers that have been filled with preservative water. After each use, clean storage containers, vases, liners, and needle point holders with a soapy Clorox http://www.sunset.com/garden/flowers-plants/how-to- design-hot-color-flower-garden- 00400000041320/page2.html solution, to kill all bacteria. Use a floral preservative to provide nutrients and to prevent bacterial http://onecharmingparty.com/2009/12/02/what-im-reading-jane-packers-guide-to- http://treefalldesign.typepad.com/tree_fall/2006/04/flower_arrangin.html growth. flower-arranging/ © Project SOUND Good on-line resources, books and courses © Project SOUND 12
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A few simple tips from the pros A few simple tips from the pros Four main components: A standard, mixed floral arrangement will Filler flowers: used to edge the have four main components: container or fill in any gaps in the Focal flowers : usually tall, large or arrangement. These flowers unique flowers to grab your attention. solidify the color scheme and hide Generally use only a few of these – one to unattractive stems. Use as many as five, depending on the size of your necessary to complete the desired http://www.hnfflorist.com/howtomakelargeflowerarrangements.html container. shape and balance. Intermediate flowers: one-third shorter Filler plant materials: attractive than the focal flowers or have smaller foliage pieces, grasses or even flowers that fit the chosen color scheme. feather and bark pieces are used to Use approximately two times the number fill in any gaps and provide balance of these flowers in the arrangement. to the arrangement. http://wildsuburbia.blogspot.com/2010_05_01_archive.html http://www.soenyun.com/Blog/2009/05/11/interpreting-history-through-plants/ http://www.mauidriedflowers.com/silk_bamboo.html © Project SOUND What does this arrangement lack? © Project SOUND White Fairy-lantern – Calochortus albus *Diogenes' lantern (Yellow globelily) – Calochortus amabilis http://www.wildflower.org/plants/result.php?id_plant=CAAL2 © Project SOUND http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Calochortus_amabilis_2.jpg © Project SOUND 13
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*Diogenes' lantern (Yellow globelily) – Diogenes' lantern: typical globelily Calochortus amabilis Size: 1-2 ft tall – usually ~ 1 ft Native to mountains north of the San Francisco Bay Area - < 3000 ft. elevation < 1 ft wide Isolated pocket of survivors on Vulcan Growth form: Peak in San Diego County. Herbaceous perennial from a bulb Common, grassy hillsides and in open oak Dies back to bulb after flowering woodlands Leaves grow back with winter rains http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora _id=1&taxon_id=242101453 Foliage: A few strap-like leaves Leaves persist through flowering Bulbs: Elongated to teardrop shape Can be baked or boiled and eaten © 2002 George Jackson http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?8349,8461,8463 http://calochortus.blogspot.com/ © Project SOUND © Project SOUND Flowers are super Plant Requirements Soils: Texture: well-drained (most local) Blooms: in spring: April- pH: any local except > 8.0 June in our area Light: Flowers: Part-shade best; morning sun Bright, clear yellow with or dappled shade ideal orange-red markings Water: Jo-Ann Ordano © California Academy of Sciences Shaped like a globelily; Winter: needs adequate for globe with wings (looks growth like a lantern, hence the common name) - ~ 1 inch Summer: needs summer dry after flowering – taper to In loose clusters – very Zone 1 unique, showy Fertilizer: none; likes poor soils. Seeds: in 4-chambered Organic mulches are fine. pod; more oval than most calochtus http://www.summitpost.org/diogenes-lantern-calochortus-amabilis/516123 © Project SOUND © Project SOUND http://www.pacificbulbsociety.org/pbswiki/index.php/CalochortusSpeciesOne 14
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Let Diogenes’ Lantern spread a little light.. Let’s create a spring/ early summer In native prairie with summer-dry grasses, annual wildflowers bouquet to celebrate our CA heritage Under oaks and other summer- dry trees Lovely massed or naturalized Suncups As an attractive pot plant; may need support Penstemons Useful accent or filler flower Clarkias Globe Gilia Monardellas http://www.flickr.com/photos/dballentine/3656336782/ Frithjof Holmboe © California Academy of Sciences © 2009 Barry Rice © Project SOUND © Project SOUND http://www.flickr.com/photos/xerantheum/3533104440/ *Willow Mint – Monardella linoides ssp. viminea Mountain Monardella – Monardella odoratissima J. E.(Jed) and Bonnie McClellan © California Academy of Sciences © 2005 Jasmine J. Watts © Project SOUND © Project SOUND 15
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