Mais conteúdo relacionado
Mais de Computer Science Club (20)
20071104 verification konev_lecture14
- 1. •““
“”
’‘‘ …“ Œ Vv Ž…“ Œ V„
fff€f¦©f¦haR ‹
Š‰ˆ ‡w†…q{y xf–€~}q{y xv
|z w„ ƒ‚ |z w
™kus¤qDD¤Df¦W¤k¦S¦f¦™
to r po j d d n m g h l j i h g e d
†Prv — pU†P…“ • ”U“v
S–¦©˜–SafESf¦4’
PWS'DaSF‡DW%W‚€y¢wSStsqDSqQhf4%caYW¦SSQI
r P ‘ e‰R ˆ † … „ e ƒ U xv P x vu P p U P U r P p i gR e d b `X V U T R P
£5GG 8 7¨ $!C !3 8 7¨ 5$!$33
'4¦'©HFEE'D#BA@96%4'$
2 1$0 )!£¡ £¨$¡ ! £ ¥ ¡ £¨£ ¥£¡
§¤©©¤('%# §©©§¦¤¢
- 2. •“Ð
“”
† v ƒv›P“PÈ ‘P„”U” › šr„P“Rr vR ›Ï†
¦cWSWS–aSS‡˜DDaWSf¦É˜ƒ
PUrP ƒP†‰U v“È Pvrre† v“U‰Ur v“›rU”Îv† v„“eRP ƒ …„U v“„”v
SfSchhSS¦WfÇf–ff¦WSqD¦WkaSqDh¦qDSc°k–¦–Daf©Í
bPrP ‘e‰Rˆ er š”v“Èv† P šr xv ‘‰v
fWS'fSÌ–SfWf¦assfË'Sf4Ê
PqDS¤haSS¦WfÉfWfD¦WkSSf¦WakS‡Ça¦–WfSQÆ
UrP ƒP†‰U v“È Pvrre† v“U‰Ur v“›rU” U v† v„“eRP
» h€aa
½¤Ã©Ÿ©
¡¨ ½¤ Ũ Á ©ž ž«žŸ ¨¡© ¦©Ÿ¯ ¡© ¦¤ ¦ º ½ ª
fch§®¾f¦¾a¯sWaqaa§ q%Wh9a%D%©c§hž · Ä
»© ¡ ¢¤ §¤ ¯ ¢¨¡ ¢¤ §¤§ ¶ ¨ ½¤Ã©Ÿ© ž ¦© §
q¨–a–§¬¢–ahx–¾W¨ chh€aa BhxW¨ Â
»'hxW§ ©qa§–x¬Wa®¦hW¡ –hqfDc¢qh%©À
¦© §¨ ¨¡ ¢¤ ¤§ ©¤¡ Áž¸ž ©¤¡¡© Á© ½ ¯ ¢§ ©© ¦
» q¡qWqf#Waf¸af¤ · %f¿'hxW#qkahxqx¾WDh¼
©¨ ž§¨¤ ©¤¡ ©¡ ©© ¦¨ ¦© §¨§ ©¨¡ ¢¤ §¤§ ©¤ ½ ªž
» ºf–a –§yWaa'¹fafaf¤ ·
¨ ¡ ¢ ¤ § ¤ ž¯ §© ª ¤ ¡ ¦ ¤¥ ¤ ¡ ¸ © ¡
¶ W¨µ´k±f4–± ¯°Wf¬ªa%Bhx§W9hž'¦'qqDhqqDhWaqaqœ
³ ² ® « © ¤ ¦ ž ¦© ¨§ ¢ ¡ ¦žŸ¥ ¤Ÿ £ ¢ž¡ žŸ ž
‘P„”U” › šr… geP“ … gP ƒv
SqaqSs˜fqBW¢Bhc‚™
¡ ¥8£!£3 7 £5G
#BD˜'˜—E'4¦' –
- 3. •“Û
“”
¦ÙØcqf¤¬9¤xW§až · D6–hff¦Wah§–fa–x–BÚ
Á ¦Ÿ × ¯ ® Á© ž¶ ¤ ½ ©¤¡¸¨ Á«ž ® ¨¤Ÿ §¤
¯ ½¤Ã Ÿ© © §¨§ ¯ ž ÁØ ¦ Ÿ ¤ × Õ ÖÕ ¨ Á ž¡ Ÿ©
f¤Dhx©hWh°©%¦WWyFfÙcqf¬6{‚¦yq¤Ä
ÁØ ¦ Ÿ ¤ × Õ ÖÕ ® § ¤¡ ¡© Áž¯ ¨
Ù%–D#F6{QW–aWafhf¯ · Ô
PrP ‘e‰Rˆ er š”v“Èv† P šr xv ‘‰v
WS'fSÌ–SfWf¦assfË'Sf4Ê
e†„”… gP„e‰eR v ƒ P šrpU gŒe
DaaBhq–¦csfkBq–q„
Ó† v ƒv›P“PÈ U gP ƒv ‘ † …„”vrrU„”U ÓeRU„re ‘P” ÓPUrP gP ƒP“
q¦¤–SWÇBhc'Ì¢DafWDkkaqsfDWf©SSqfS¦hchWfÈ ‹
Ñ Ò
YfÑ
- 4. •“” à
“
© ÁØ ¦ Ÿ ¤
Sqcqf¬×
¨y¯f¤D½hÃxhŸWh9©%¦W§W§ · – –D•¤¦hQf¨ · f'qfc6––W%f–©Ú
¤ © © © ¨ ¦ ¨Ÿ ¥ Áž º §©¸¨ ¦ž¡¨ ½ ® ¨¡© ¦¨Ÿ
¯ ½¤ © © ¦ §¨§ ¯ ž ÁØ ¦ Ÿ ¤ × Õ Ö ß ¨ Á ž¡ Ÿ©
f¤DhÃxhŸWh°©%W©WyFfÙcqf¬6%¦yq¤Ä
ÁØ ¦ Ÿ ¤ × Õ Ö ß ® § ¤¡ ¡© Áž¯ ¨
Ù%–D#F6%¬W–aWafhf¯ · Ô
PrP ‘e‰Rˆ er š”v“Èv† P šr xv ‘‰v
WS'fSÌ–SfWf¦assfË'Sf4Ê
Ý P gP ƒv ‘ U R “ P† v“ È ‘ „ U “ vu ge Ý U R ”P p U ‘ e r U
S¦hc'ÇSfSa¦WfÞk–f¦ÙBskSSSk6D–˜ƒ
Ó† v ƒv›P“PÈ U gP ƒv ‘ † …„”vrrU„”U ÓeRU„re ‘P” ÓPUrP gP ƒP“
q¦¤–SWÇBhc'Ì¢DafWDkkaqsfDWf©SSqfS¦hchWfÈ ‹
Ñ YÒ Ü
- 5. •“” ä
“
PrP ‘e‰Rˆ er š”v“Èv† P šr xv ‘‰v
WS'fSÌ–SfWf¦assfË'Sf4Ê
ã â
µ€á
- 6. •“ì
“”
» º¨ëžŸ©¤ ©¨¡©¡© ¦¨Ÿ ¨ ©¨¡©¤Ÿ §¤
Dffqaf#–WhW%f–qË°qWa–x–a
PrP ‘e‰Rˆ er š”v“Èv† P šr xv ‘‰v
WS'fSÌ–SfWf¦assfË'Sf4Ê
ÝUTe“PÈv PUrPrP ‘U“È ÓPUrP êv“ÈÏ ÓPUrPv“„”v
¦fqSW¦ËSfSWS'ffsSqfS°¦WfD%SqfSf–Daf©Í
è è æ
éEçå
- 7. •“” ù
“
÷fD¤hD YqØhWaŸf–#a€–x¦až · Dy–xxDhq
Ø¡ Ÿ ¤ § ø ¡ ž «¤ ¯÷ ž¯ §® Á© ž¶ ¤ ½ ¨ §©¯ ¤Ÿ
¨¦¨ a· ¤xqhŸDaa¡Ëqk½Q¦Á€hõ©F–x¦xhaž · DWq¦afó
Á ö §¤ «ž ¡ž ¨ § ô ž¯ §® Á© ž¶ ¤ ½ ® ¨¡ Á¤¤
PrP ‘e‰Rˆ er š”v“Èv† P šr xv ‘‰v
WS'fSÌ–SfWf¦assfË'Sf4Ê
ñ 0 ò 5 ñ ¨ ð ¥3£¨ G £¨£ ¡$5G ¥£!
#k#˜Þ¬Þ˜4¡ B'˜ïî''§k©¦§¦˜tí
- 8. •“ý
“”
© ¦ Ÿ º ¤¡® Áž ¦ Ÿ ¤ Ø ÁØ ¦ Ÿ ¤ × ¨ §©¯ ¨ Ÿ
%–D¤¬× fah–Dh¡ · SÙcqf¬°–xhxf–©Ú
÷fD¤hD YqØhWažf–#a€–x¦až · Dy–xxDhq
Ø¡ Ÿ ¤ § ø ¡ Ÿ«¤ ¯÷ ž¯ §® Á© ž¶ ¤ ½ ¨ §©¯ ¤Ÿ
¨¦¨ a· ¤xqhŸDaa¡Ëqk½Q¨¦€hõ©F–x¦xhaž · DWq¦afó
Á ö §¤ «ž ¡ž Á§ ô ž¯ §® Á© ž¶ ¤ ½ ® ¨¡ Á¤ ¤
PrP ‘e‰Rˆ er š”v“Èv† P šr xv ‘‰v
WS'fSÌ–SfWf¦assfË'Sf4Ê
P ‘“v ü R PUrP ƒP†U“È ÓPUrPgP ƒP“
'f¦ESfSchhffsSqfS¦hchWfÈ ‹
û ú á
ÇEè
- 9. “”
•“
©§¥fa– aŸ · D¤ · Sf6–fa–x –BÚ
¨¦ ¤ º¤¡ © ¡ ¢Á½ ® ¨¤Ÿ §¤
PrP ‘e‰Rˆ er š”v“Èv† P šr xv ‘‰v
WS'fSÌ–SfWf¦assfË'Sf4Ê
¢PUrPv“„”v
£qfSf–Daf©Í
8 2 5$ 5¡$ ÿ )$!C ñ 0G£ò¨£ ¥£¡
§€¢¡%‚#˜¾'Dþ§''c''§¤¤#Ëí
- 10. “”
•““
PrP ‘e‰Rˆ er š”v“Èv† P šr xv ‘‰v
WS'fSÌ–SfWf¦assfË'Sf4Ê
7¨ ñ ¨¨£ò ¨$!C ñ£ £ ¥ 0G
#xC #'''D#H©¦§B€H'©#Ëí
- 11. •“h•““
“”
Ÿ© ¦¨ŸŸ ¡ © ª¤
–W%fq–qWaf¤ · Bq¡ a6(
'©hx§W§°faqqkÇffë · W–a#–fa–x–BÚ
¦ ¨ º¤¡¡ž ½ ø¨ žŸ §«ž ® ¨¤Ÿ §¤
PrP ‘e‰Rˆ er š”v“Èv† P šr xv ‘‰v
WS'fSÌ–SfWf¦assfË'Sf4Ê
10$!5G #! 7!£ !3!5¨
'§''6¦s%$©€6B#k0 $¡ 5G £5£ ¥
%6¦¤ 4¦§˜4¡ –