sec 2 unit 12 part 1

1. CHONG BOON
SECONDARY SCHOOL
Lower Sec Geography
Secondary Two
Unit 12: Responses to the Rising Demand for Land
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2. Thinking Questions
1.Can we ‘make’ more
land?
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3. Unit Objectives
1.Evaluate the
effectiveness of
different responses
to increase land
supply.
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4. Increasing Price of Land
•How much is the cost of your
home?
•Cost PSF (per square feet)
•HDB flat
•Condominium in AMK
•Condominium near Sentosa
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5. How much do you think this
house cost?

12. The price mechanism
•Controls the allocation of land use.
•Process which determines the
pricing of products.
•Landuse price determines the type
of use.
•Land nearer to CBD is more
expensive. (Central Business
District)
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13. Opportunity Cost
•The cost (money or non-
monetary) of choosing a
decision as opposed to another
choice.
•“The lunch dilemma”
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14. What is for lunch?
I have $5, what

15. Cost of conservation
•Conservation of historical building
in Singapore has a high
opportunity cost.
•Valuable land space in CBD area.
•Replacement with a new
skyscraper will bring more profit.
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16. A conservation area in Singapore

17. Land Clearance
•Deforestation: removal of forested
areas for use by humans.
•Residential / Commercial /
Agricultural
•Very rapid rate of deforestation
•1850 (20 million sq km of rainforest)
•2005 (9-12 million sq km of rainforest
left)
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18. Deforestation Video

19. Commercial logging
•Exploitation by large logging
companies
•Logging for wood to meet global wood
demands
• Furniture, housing, paper,.
• Rising global wealth leads to higher
demands for wood products
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20. Agricultural use
•Higher global demand for meat
•Need for land to do commercial
ranching.
•Forests cleared to give space for
herding.
•Commercial Farming (cash crops)
•Oil Palm, Corn/Maize/Wheat, etc.
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21. Effects of Deforestation
•Loss of Habitat (Animals)
• Native animals lose habitat
• Move nearer to humans, lead to conflict,
hunted down.
•Loss of Habitat (Plants)
• Destroyed together with rainforest
• Loss of plantlife that may have
undiscovered potential
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22. Effects of Deforestation cont’
• Soil Erosion
• Removal of rainforest leads to higher drainage
• Rain brings the topsoil (fertile soil) away
• Nutrients now loss and land unable to support plants.
• Greenhouse effect
• Rainforest helps to recycle Carbon Dioxide (CO2) into
Oxygen
• Loss of rainforest introduces more CO2 (a greenhouse
gas) into the atmosphere.
• This will lead to global warming.
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23. Maximising Land Use
•There is a limit to reclaiming land.
•Land use management is done
with land use planning.
•Urban and Rural land use
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24. Urban Land Use
•Mixed land use
• Combine residential and
commercial use
• Shophouses
• SOHO (Small Office Home
Office) COPY

25. Urban Land Use
•High-density
building
• Skyscrapers and
super skyscrapers
• Saves ground
space
• Commonly found in
Business Centres.
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26. Rural Land Use (Agriculture)
•3 key ways to maximise arable
land
•Terracing
•Soil-less farming
•Irrigation
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27. Terracing
•Converting hills into flat steps.
•Cultivation carried on the steps.
•Commonly done for wet rice in
South East Asia
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28. Soil-less farming
• High tech farming methods
• Hydroponics
• Plants grown by submerging their roots in nutrient
solution.
• No soil needed, if done in a greenhouse, artificial
sunlight can be used.
• Aeroponics
• Plants grown by suspending them in the air and
spraying nutrient solution onto the roots.
• No soil needed, if done in a greenhouse, artificial
sunlight can be used.
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29. Irrigation
•Introduction of fresh water into
drylands
•Create arable land from desert
areas.
•Supplement (help) areas with
seasonal / unreliable rainfall.
•Enable double / multiple cropping.
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30. Land Conservation
•Land as a nature reserve
•Government Policies
•Land Reclamation
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31. Nature Reserve
• Protected land area
• Flora and fauna (plants and animals) found
inside are protected by law
• Anti-poaching laws
• Recognition of nature as part of the
country’s natural heritage.
• Bukit Timah Nature Reserve, Yellowstone
National Park, etc.
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32. Government Policies
•Government imposes landuse policies
that restrict certain uses for
conservation.
•Valuable land is properly planned and
used for development.
•Less wastage of valuable land.
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33. Land Reclamation (Singapore)
•Refer to image on pg 110.
•Reclamation has taken place on
all except North and North-West
coast.
•Offshore islands reclaimed to form
larger islands / merge to form
usable islands.
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34. Land Reclamation (Singapore)
•Entire East Coast Park is
reclaimed.
•East Coast Parkway Expressway
once sat in the sea.
•Landfill method is used to reclaim
land from the sea.
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35. Land Reclamation (overseas)
•United Arab Emirates
(Dubai)
• The Palm Island
Resort
• Landfill method.
• Palm tree shaped
resort.
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36. Thinking again
“Can we reclaim
forever?”
Singapore 2080

37. Mind-mapping time
Landfill Method Increasing land supply Draining swamps
Increasing price of land Reclaiming derelict land Conservation of land
Urban land use Responses to the rising
demand for land
Empoldering
Land reclamation Agricultural land use Maximising land use
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