1. SKELETAL!
No bones about it!

2. tell your table buddy why the skeletal
system is important

3. Background to skeletal
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Skeletal system is made of tough bone tissue
that supports the body and allows it to move.
Bones protect vital organs like the heart and
brain

4. structure
Skeletal systems is made up of bone and other
connective tissues such as ligaments and
cartilage.
Bones have their own system of blood vessels
and vessels and nerves which allow circulation
to occur within the bone

5. Bones change…..
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From birth to old age….
In the first month after conception, an
embryo’s skeletal framework is made of
cartilage. In the second and third months after
conception, you can see calcium deposits in
the bone.

6. Bones change……
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Calcium continues to form in the bone
structure throughout life. A three year olds
bones are more flexible than a 30 year old
person’s bone
A 60 year old may lose calcium from the bone
and the bone will become porous and break
easily

7. Functions of bone
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Serves as a framework for the body
Protects internal structures like brain and
spinal cord
Storage for calcium
To produce blood cells, red marrow produce
most of the red blood cells
Allows flexibility when muscles move them

8. Different types of bones
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Long bones- bones that are longer than their
width:
Humerus
Radius
Ulna
Tibia
fibula

9. Types of bones
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Short bones- length and width are nearly
equal
Wrist and hands
Ankles and feet

10. Types of bones
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Flat bonesSkull
Sternum
Ribs
Shoulder blade

11. Types of bone
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Irregular bones- bones that don’t fit into other
groups
Face
Spine
hip

12. groups
The human skeleton is divided into 2 groups
Axial- made of 80 bones which make up the
ribs and sternum, tailbone
 Vertebrae
 Skull
appendicular- skeletal involves the
appendages and includes 126 bones that
make up the arms, hands, legs, feet, pelvis
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13. joints----arthro
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Joints fall into 3 groups:
1. immovable synarthrosis- like the cranium
2. slightly movable amphiarthrosis- vertebral
discs or the attachment of the ribs to the
thoracic vertebrae
3. freely movable diarthrosis- like the ball and
socket joints of the shoulder and the hip or the
hinge joint of the elbow and knee

14. joints
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Hinge joint- knee, and elbow
Ball and socket joint -the hip, shoulder
Pivot joint- atlanto/axial
Gliding joint -lower spine(facet),ankle allows
bones to glide over each other for movement

15. Pathology of bones
Most common is arthritis- or inflammation of
the joints.
 2 main types are :
osteoarthritis- usually from aging, caused by
prolonged wear and tear.
 Symptoms are joint pain and stiffness, aching
And limited ROM
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16. osteoarthritis

17. 2 types of arthritis
Rheumatoid- is not just a disease of the joints,
it is a systemic disease, meaning it affects the
whole body. It can destroy bone and disfigure
the joints.
Abnormalities occur in the thickened joint
capsule, cartilage destroyed, fibrous tissue,
then calcification.
Usually more than one joint is involved in RA,
with the hands almost always affected.

18. RA

19. RA

20. Pathologies for bone
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Bursitis- inflammation of the bursae (Bursae
are thin, slippery sacs located throughout the
body that act as cushions between bones and
soft tissues. They contain a small amount of
lubricating fluid that allows the skin to move
freely over the underlying bone)
Symptoms include: severe pain, limited
movement and fluid accumulation around the
joint.

21. bursitis

22. Pathologies of bone
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Fractures- a crack or break in the bone
Types of fractures:
1. greenstick- bone is bent and splits causing
a crack or incomplete break- common for
children
2. simple or closed- complete break of the
bone without damage to skin
3. compound fracture- bone breaks and
ruptures through the skin
4. impacted- broken bone ends jam into each
other

23. Greenstick fracture

24. Simple fracture

25. Compound fracture

26. Impacted fracture

27. Pathologies of bone
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5. comminuted- bone fragments or splinters
into more than 2 peaces
6. Spiral- bones twists resulting in one or more
breaks
7. Depressed- a broken piece of skull bone
moves inward- seen in severe head injuries
8. Colles- breaking and dislocation of the distal
radius that causes a characteristic bulge at the
wrist- caused by falling on an outstretched
hand.

28. comminuted

29. Spiral break

30. Depressed fracture

31. what would be the outcome of a
skull depression fracture?

32. colles

33. Ways bones can heal
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Open reduction- bone needs surgical repair
with pins or plates to maintain position of the
bone
Closed reduction- positioning the bone in
correct alignment then applying a cast or split
to maintain position

34. Pathologies of bone
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Osteomyelitis- bone inflammation caused by a
bacteria. Bone is normally resistant to infection,
but trauma, bacteremia, surgery, or foreign
bodies may disrupt and lead to the onset of
osteomyelitis
The organism causes an abscess within the
bone and pus forms within the bone.
Symptoms include: fever, chills, pain.
Sometimes this condition requires amputation.

35. osteomyelitis

36. Pathologies of the bone
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Osteoporosis- bone becomes increasingly
porous due to loss of calcium
Happens to women more than men
Sedintary lifestyle and lack of calcium in the
diet can cause osteoporosis.
Bones can become brittle and break
“help I’ve fallen and can’t get up!”

37. osteoporosis

38. Pathologies of the bone
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Congenital deformaties
Club foot- talipes equinovarus when the foot is
adducted on one or both sides.
Osteogenesis imperfecta- brittle bones
disease is caused by a mutation in the gene
that affects the cells responsible for producing
collagen.
Scoliosis- curvature of the spine caused by
congenital defect, muscle imbalance, poor
nutrition, poor posture.

39. Club foot

40. Osteogenesis imperfecta

41. Pathologies of bone
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Rickets- Rickets is the softening and
weakening of bones in children, usually
because of an extreme and prolonged vitamin
D deficiency. (absorption of calcium)

42. rickets

43. Pathologies of bone
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Paget's disease of bone is a condition that
affects the way your bone breaks down and
rebuilds (metabolizes).
In Paget's disease of bone, the rate at which
old bone is broken down and new bone is
formed becomes distorted. Over time, the
affected bones may become fragile and
misshapen.

44. pagets

45. 
Break a leg! bye