2. The Second Great Awakening:
Foundation of Reform
“Spiritual Reform From Within”
[Religious Revivalism]
Labor
Social Reforms & Redefining the
Ideal of Equality
Temperance
Education
Abolitionism
Asylum &
Prison Reform
Women’s
Rights

3. 1825 - 1846

4. Charles G. Finney
(1792 – 1895)
The ranges of tents, the fires,
reflecting light…; the candles
and lamps illuminating the
encampment; hundreds moving to
and fro…;the preaching, praying,
singing, and shouting,… like the
sound of many waters, was
enough to swallow up all the
powers of contemplation.
“soul-shaking”
conversion
R1-2
He believed women should pray aloud
in church; he was a supporter of
temperance and abolition.

5. Which 2 denominations experience the greatest
growth? Why?

6. New Religious
Denominations also begin as
a
result of the 2 Great
Awakening
nd

7. The Mormons
(The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints)
Joseph Smith
(1805-1844)
 1830 --> Book of Mormon

8. The Mormon “Trek”

9. The Mormons
(The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints)
Brigham Young
(1801-1877)
 Desert community
 Salt Lake City, UT

10. 2. Temperance Movement
1826 - American Temperance Society
“Demon Rum”!
Frances Willard
R1-6
The Beecher Family

11. Annual Consumption of
Alcohol
At the peak of
consumption,
approximately
how many
gallons of
alcohol per
person (per
capita) do
Americans
consume?

12. 3. Penitentiary (Prison)
Reform
Dorothea Dix
(1802-1887)
1821  first
penitentiary founded
in Auburn, NY
What is a penitentiary? Why
did these need to be reformed?
R1-5/7

13. 4. Abolitionist Movement
British Colonization Society symbol

14. William Lloyd Garrison
(1801-1879)
 Slavery undermined
republican values.
 Immediate emancipation
with NO compensation.
 Slavery was a moral, not
an economic issue.
R2-4

15. The Liberator
Premiere issue  January 1, 1831
R2-5

16. The Tree of Slavery—Loaded
with the Sum of All
Villanies!

17. Frederick Douglass (18171895)
1845  The Narrative of the Life
Of Frederick Douglass
1847  “The North Star”
R212

18. Sojourner Truth (17871883)
or Isabella Baumfree
1850 --> The Narrative of Sojourner Truth
R2-10

19. Harriet Tubman (18201913)
“Moses”
 Helped over 300 slaves to freedom.
 $40,000 bounty on her head.
 Served as a Union spy during the Civil War.

20. The Underground
Railroad

21. 5. Women’s Rights
 A woman’s “sphere” was in the home (it was a
refuge from the cruel world outside).
 Her role was to “civilize” her husband and
family.
 An 1830s MA minister:
“The power of woman is her dependence. A woman
who gives up that dependence on man to become a
reformer yields the power God has given her for
her protection, and her character becomes
unnatural!”

22. Early 19 century
1. Couldn’t Women
make wills, sign a
th
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
contract, or bring suit in court
without her husband’s permission.
Unable to vote.
Legal status of a minor.
Single  could own her own
property.
Married  no control over her
property or her children.
Could not initiate divorce.

23. What It Would Be Like If
Ladies Had Their Own
Way!
R2-8

24. The 2nd Great Awakening inspired women
to improve society.
Angelina Grimké
Sarah Grimké
 Southern Abolitionists
R2-9
Lucy Stone
 American Women’s
Suffrage Assoc.
 edited Woman’s Journal

25. R2-6/7
1840 --> split in the abolitionist movement
over women’s role in it.
London --> World Anti-Slavery Convention
Lucretia Mott
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
1848 --> Seneca Falls Declaration of Sentiments

26. 6. Transcendentalism
(European Romanticism)
 “Liberation from understanding and
the cultivation of reasoning.”
 “Transcend” the limits of intellect
and allow the emotions, the SOUL,
to create an original relationship
with the Universe.

27. Transcendentalist
Intellectuals/Writers
Concord, MA
Ralph Waldo
Emerson
Nature
(1832)
Self-Reliance
(1841)
Henry David
Thoreau
Walden
(1854)
Resistance to Civil
Disobedience
(1849)
“The American
Scholar” (1837)
R3-1/3/4/5

28. The Anti-Transcendentalist:
Nathaniel Hawthorne (18041864)
 pursuit of the ideal led to a
distorted view of human
nature and possibilities:
* The Blithedale Romance
 accept the world as an
imperfect place:
* Scarlet Letter
* House of the Seven
Gables

29. 7. Educational Reform

MA  always on the forefront of public
educational reform
* 1st state to establish tax support for
local public schools.

By 1860 every state offered free public
education to whites.
* US had one of the highest literacy rates.

30. Horace Mann
(1796-
1859) “Father
of
American Education”


children should be “molded”
into a state of perfection


R3-6
children were clay in the hands
of teachers and school officials
discouraged corporal punishment
established state teachertraining programs

31. Purpose of Education?
According to reformers, what was the purpose
of education?
What is the purpose of education today?
What are some differences between 19th
century schools and 21st century schools?

32. Factories continued to spread in the 1800s
A wave of immigration in the 1840s brought in new
people willing to work for low pay.
Skilled workers faced low wages, long hours, and
the fear of losing their jobs.
Many workers formed trade unions to improve pay
and working conditions.

33. Sarah G. Bagley was one of the
strongest voices in the union
movement.
Founded the Lowell Female
Labor Reform Association in
1844.
Fought for a 10-hour work day
instead of 12-14 hours.

34. Legacy of Reform
•How did these reformers change America?
•What reforms (if any) do you see evidence of
in America today?
•Are they similar or different from those in the
19th century?