1. Jackie
Narbeh
Stella

2. Mireya
Jackie/ Narbeh/

3. Mireya
Status:
Married (second time)
Occupations:
Christopher: Student, Watches and washes car at the feria
Jonathan: Student, Watches and washes car at the feria
Ermernio: Unemployed, Sells vegetables door to door
Income:
Disability (for asthma) : 75,000 / mo.
Disability (for Christopher): 52,000 / mo.
Vegetable sales: 48,000 / mo.
Expenses:
Loan (for house and kids shoes for school): 19,000 / mo.
Gas: 9,000 / mo.
Electricity: 10,000-11,000 / mo.
Food: 85,400 / mo.
Daily items (milk, bread): 14,400 / mo.
Vegetables: 24,000 / mo.
Meat: 12,000 / mo.
Dry food: 35,000 / mo.
Vegetables: 1x / wk
School: 15,000 (only once at beginning of school year)
Age:
“Anything can be replaced...except Mireya: 54 Christopher; son: 14 Jonathan; son: 17
Ermernio; husband: 58 Fernanda; daughter
family. Prior Residence:
As a child, Mireya lived in the country, in the south of
Chile. She used to live in the “old campamentos” .
I would also take the bottle [that my Future Residence:
Definitive house. She has saved half the money so far.
niece made]. But if I did have time, I Aspirations:
would take things I use more often, like
Wants permanent housing for warmth.
Wants a real bathroom that doesn’ smell.
t
my washer and spinner.” What she Values:
Family
Items/crafts made by family
Jackie/ Narbeh/ Useful items (washer, spinner, furniture, etc.)

4. 750 cm
600 cm 150 cm
600 cm
Mireya’ Lay-
s
50 cm
1200 cm
300 cm
250 cm
Jackie/ Narbeh/

5. Rosa
Jackie/ Narbeh/

6. “I like to decorate. I
Rosa
like to keep my house
Status:
Married
looking nice.”
Occupations:
Rosita: Homemaker
Bernardo; husband: Sells vegetables
Yanarda; daughter: Student
Income:
Unknown
Expenses:
Electricity: 8,500 - 10,000 / mo.
Cell phone: 3,500 / wk
Food: 6000 / day (meat, bread, juice, soda...buys milk at the
local market)
Age:
Rosita: 21 Yanarda: 4
Prior Residence:
Rosita used to live in permanent housing. After she got
married, she moved in with her mother-in-law. She did
not like living with her mother-in-law and soon moved out
into the campamentos with her family.
Existing Residence:
Roughly a year
Future Residence:
Definitive house.
Aspirations:
She would like to have a big kitchen to cook:
“I would love to have a kitchen like this in my house. I
would like it to have lots of bright colors.”
“I like the sea. I would love to live on the coast...in any
city.”
Jackie/ Narbeh/

7. 750 cm
600 cm 180 cm
600 cm
170 cm
Rosa’ Lay-
s
1200 cm
300 cm
250 cm
Jackie/ Narbeh/

8. Luis
Jackie/ Narbeh/

9. “I leave my door Luis
open because I like Status:
to see passing by
Divorced
Occupations:
and have the sunlight Unemployed due to health reasons(formerly a farmer)
come in.”
Income:
Pension
Age:
Luis: Senior Citizen
Prior Residence:
Formerly lived in the old campamentos.
Existing Residence:
Roughly a year
Future Residence:
Definitive house. Must move in with his sister and
her family, as a single person does not qualify for the
definitive housing.
Aspirations:
Wants to paint his house yellow
Wants to go back to work
A second mediaugua in his back yard
Wants to visit his cousin in Washington
What he values:
Visits from friends and family
His new oven (good brand that he can trust)
Jackie/ Narbeh/

10. 600 cm 150 cm
150 cm
600 cm
Luis’Layout
1200 cm
300 cm
250 cm

11. This week, Mireya
will use all of
these containers.
Jackie/ Narbeh/

12. “I am tired...It’s
laundry day and I just
got started.” Containing
Multipurpose/ Adaptive/ Optimization
Observation
The size of the water container determines its purpose,
requiring the use of multiple different containers for each
task.
Impact (Education)
The container can physically adapt to the purpose of the
task by size, shape and ergonomics.
Jackie/ Narbeh/

13. Space:
A mediagua is 10x20 ft
Space:
The average mediagua
houses 4 people
Contamination:
Children in poor
environments often carry
1,000 parasitic worms
in their bodies at a time.
The Facts
Efficiency:
Distance / weight / task
Onegallonofwaterweighs
34 pounds -EPA
Jackie/ Narbeh/

14. Space:
A mediagua is 10x12 ft Conserving space is a key issue
Space: Containers are not always stored
The average
properly and often pick up dirt and
mediagua houses 4
germs that later contaminate water
sources.
Contamination:
Relying on multiple containers to
Children in poor
environments often carry complete a single task is not time or
1,000 parasitic worms energy efficient.
in their bodies at a time.
Efficiency:
The likelihood of contamination and
Distance / weight / task
Onegallonofwaterweighs uncleanliness increases with the
34 pounds -EPA number of containers.
The Issues
Jackie/ Narbeh/

15. store
reuse
bathe
toss
spray
carry
boil
mix
How we
rinse Use
heat
wash Water
cool
pour
drain
catch
scoop
Jackie/ Narbeh/

16. Reduce in scale for personal use, and then..
..increase for household chores
Jackie/ Narbeh/

17. Task Analysis : laundry
past present future
reality *Not stated • Store water in large drums
• Scoop water out of drum with
drain ** Having running water will
not greatly change this situa-
small cup or pitcher tion. The washer and spinner
• Pour water into bucket spin will
• Heat water in kettle continue to be the primary
• Repeat until bucket is filled tools for this task.
• Transport bucket to washer
• Pour water in washer
• Repeat two times scoop Process will remain the same,
• Place 3-5 articles of clothing except for the following:
in spinner and start machine
• Pour water into rinsing con- • Fill bucket directly with hose
tainer or faucet instead of scoop-
• Remove from washer ing and filling incrementally
• Rinse clothes in tambore rinse with a pitcher.
• Wring out excess water
• Place clothes in spinner and
start machine
• Collect bowl of drained water wash
from spinner
• Transport bowl to washer
• Pour water into washer
• Hang cleaned clothes to dry store
• Repeat!
Jackie/ Narbeh/

18. What if...?
Tools were consolidated
Use one container to accomplish all steps
Container collapses to fit inside large drum and scoop water
out
Container expanded with added water
Container has hose to retrieve or release water
Container has spout to release water

19. The The market currently offers several
options for foldable and collapsible
options for water storage. This
Current
concept can draw inspiration
from the following unique
characteristics of these products:
Market
• Space saver
• Easy to carry
• Modular
• Multi-functional
• Affordable
Jackie/ Narbeh/

20. Enclosure
Mireya must walk outside
to her front yard every
time she wants a cup of
tea.
Jackie/ Narbeh/

21. Enclosure
Space/ Convenience
“The new house will
have everything there...
we will not need to go
outside.”
Observation
The fact that people need to travel outdoors,
especially long distances, in order to complete normal every-
day tasks is highly unfavorable.
Impact
Make everyday tasks more convenient by bringing them
indoors or decreasing the amount of travel necessary to
complete them.
Jackie/ Narbeh/

22. Areas
Outdoors
Bedroom Bedroom Indoors
Semi indoor
Bathroom
shower
Activities involving traveling outdoors
Cooking and dining
Collecting water
Cooking
Laundry
Bedroom
Washing dishes
Bathroom and showering
Social and
Mireya’ outdoor
s
dining area
Water storage Washing
dishes
activities
Laundry area

23. Areas
Outdoors
Indoors
Semi indoor
Activities involving traveling outdoors
Bathroom Cooking and dining
Shower
Collecting water
Laundry
water Washing dishes
storage Bathroom and showering
Cooking
Rosa’ outdoor
s
Dining
activities
Laundry
water Washing
storage Dishes

24. Seasons & Behavior
winter
cold
rain
mud
shower less often
modify schedule around
weather
Jackie/ Narbeh/

25. Seasons & Behavior
winter impacts
insulate homes with materials at hand
cold
capture rain for personal use
rain create or extend awnings for more protection
create waterproof cover for home
elevated platform to walk on
mud cement walkway
use small rocks to minimize collection of mud
bring shower indoors
shower less often harness heat from warming of water to create
a comfortable bathing environment
bring activities indoors
modify schedule around capture heat from other activities
weather
Jackie/ Narbeh/

26. Seasons & Behavior
winter impacts issues
insulate homes with materials at hand
cold fire hazard
capture rain for personal use rain may polluted
rain capturing rain may require heavy
create or extend awnings for more protection
create waterproof cover for home lifting
lack of building materials
rain may still leak in
walls are often damp
elevated platform to walk on lack of building materials
mud cement walkway lack of technical skills or knowledge
use small rocks to minimize collection of mud
bring shower indoors lack of room indoors
shower less often harness heat from warming of water to create floor may get wet
a comfortable bathing environment difficulty moving water
fire hazards
bring activities indoors
modify schedule around lack of room indoors
capture heat from other activities
fire hazards
weather
Jackie/ Narbeh/

27. Seasons & Behavior
summer
heat
water tastes and smells like
plastic
dust
shower more often
modify schedule around
weather
Jackie/ Narbeh/

28. Seasons & Behavior
impacts summer
maximize airflow through home heat
shade water containers from sun water tastes and smells like
store more water in refrigerator
relocate water containers indoors
plastic
supplement water with flavoring
secure lids/seals for containers
filters to purify water dust
maximize water use to avoid running out
shower more often
bring activities indoors modify schedule around
weather
Jackie/ Narbeh/

29. Seasons & Behavior
issues impacts summer
impact during winter maximize airflow through home heat
shade may not be enough shade water containers from sun
lack of room indoors
water tastes and smells like
store more water in refrigerator
small refrigerators; less room for food relocate water containers indoors
plastic
plastic taste may be dangerous supplement water with flavoring
supplements cost money
lids and filters may not fit all containers secure lids/seals for containers
use of lids could be a hassle filters to purify water dust
filter may slow the act of retrieving water
may sacrifice hygiene maximize water use to avoid running out
shower more often
run out of water
lack of room indoors bring activities indoors modify schedule around
weather
Jackie/ Narbeh/

30. What if...?
...There is a centralized water storage in the top of the house that
allows to have running water to different areas of the house.
...There is a wet area inside the house where clean water can be
safely stored and used water can be drained to the outside.
...The house can seasonally change to adapt to conditions as
necessary.

31. Centralization
Optimization/ Consolidation
“Doing dishes is a
problem...having to
take the dishes outside,
then back inside.”
Observation
People typically move water for one specific task at a time.
A centralized work space decreases the number of times
necessary to transport itms (laundry, water, dishes, etc.)
and also decreases the distances, time and effort spent
doing tasks.
Impact (Education)
Establish a routine or system to consolidate water
delivery in preparation for multiple tasks. Create a
Jackie/ Narbeh/ centralized space for doing water-related chores to minimize
time and effort expended doing chores.

32. Doing laundry involves takes the entire day and..
..uses components which are all around the
house.
Jackie/ Narbeh/

33. 4
clean water storage
dirty water
Laundry path
1. Taking washer and spinner outside
2. Getting water from containers
3. Pouring water in the washer
4. Putting clothing into the washer
5. Transfering clothing to barrel for rinsing
6. Rinsing clothes by hand
7. Putting clothing into the spinner
8. Collecting used water from spinner
9. Pouring used water in the washer
10. Hanging clothes for drying
1
10
Laundry
Mireya’ house
s
7/8 2
3/4
5/6
9
Jackie/ Narbeh/

34. clean water storage
dirty water
Laundry path
1. Taking washer and spinner outside
2. Getting water from containers
3. Pouring water in the washer
4. Putting clothing into the washer
5. Transfering clothing to sink for rinsing
6. Rinsing clothes by hand
7. Putting clothing into the spinner
8. Collecting used water from spinner
9. Pouring used water in the washer
10. Hanging clothes for drying
1
Laundry
Rosa’ house
s
7/8
10
9
3/4 2
5/6
Jackie/ Narbeh/

35. clean water storage
dirty water
dish washing path
1. Picking up dishes from kitchen
2. Washing dishes
3. Returning dishes to kitchen
2
cooking path
1. Collecting water from containers
2. Pouring water for boiling
1/3
Kitchen flow
Mireya’ house
s
2
1
problem
A lack of centralized work space results in excessive backtracking,
due to basic human limitations: people can only carry so much at
a time without the aid of tools.
Jackie/ Narbeh/

36. clean water storage
dirty water
dish washing path
1. Picking up dishes from kitchen
2. Washing dishes
3. Returning dishes to kitchen
cooking path
1. Collecting water from containers
2. Pouring water for boiling
Kitchen flow
2 1/3
Rosa’ house
s
1
2
Jackie/ Narbeh/

37. Task Analysis : dishes
past present future
reality *Not stated • Carry dishes in bowl from
kitchen to front yard
wash ** This task will be made much
easier and more efficient due
• Use pitcher to scoop water to the following changes:
from tambore scoop Running water
• Pour water into bowl Sink
• Add chlorox and mix
• Place dishes in bowl
• Scrub • Place dishes in sink
• Pour water from pitcher to • Fill sink with water
rinse dishes store • Add chlorox, mix
• Catch water in bowl • Scrub dishes
• Dry dishes • Rinse
• Carry dishes back to kitchen • Dry
• Carry more dishes back to
yard
• Refill pitcher
• Repeat
• When finished, toss dirty wa-
ter into street
Jackie/ Narbeh/

38. What if...?
...water was located throughout house instead of in front yard?
...there was a workspace indoors?
...there was a mobile work station?
...the work station doubled as a water container?
...the work station was created out of materials at hand?
...there was a modular work station?
...There is a product to store clean water next to the kitchen.
...There is a work space outdoors where water is delivered from the
truck

39. Bathing
Mireya wakes up everyday
at 6:30 a.m. to prepare bath
water for her
children before school.

40. Bathing
Efficiency/ Seasons/
“I wake up to prepare
the bath water so they
can go to school.”
Observation
Bathing is an involved process, requiring multiple steps,
including heating, mixing, carrying and scooping
water.
Impact (Education)
Optimize the process by combining one or more steps
in the process. Create a tool to facilitate the actual act of
bathing oneself.
Jackie/ Narbeh/

41. This is what a warm bath looks like..
..at Mireya’ house.
s
Jackie/ Narbeh/

42. clean water storage
dirty water
Toilet path
1. Getting water from containers
2. Pouring water in the toilet
5/6
Shower path
1. Getting water from containers
2. Pouring water for boiling
3. Getting cold water in the bucket
4. Mixing hot and cold water
3/4 5. Bringing bucket to the bathroom
6. Scooping water for bathing
2
Shower path
Rosa’ house
s
1

43. clean water storage
dirty water
2 5/6
Toilet path
1. Getting water from containers
2. Pouring water in the toilet
4
Shower path
2 1. Getting water from containers
2. Pouring water for boiling
3. Getting cold water in the bucket
4. Mixing hot and cold water
5. Bringing bucket to the bathroom
6. Scooping water for bathing
Shower path
Mireya’ house
s
1 3
1

44. Water Use:
15-25 gallons of water is
used in the average five-
minute shower. -EPA
Time:
It takes approximately
3-9 minutes to bring one
liter of water to a boil.
Energy:
Generally most people can
carry a load just over 50% of
their own weight comfort-
ably without any serious or
special physical training.
The Facts
Jackie/ Narbeh/

45. Water Use:
15-25 gallons of water is Bathing is a water-intensive activity.
used in the average five-
minute shower. -EPA
Time:
Bathing is a time-intensive activity.
It takes approximately 3-9
minutes to bring one liter
of water to a boil.
Energy: Bathing is an energy-intensive activity.
Generally most people can
carry a load just over 50% of
their own weight comfort-
ably without any serious or
special physical training.
The Issues
Jackie/ Narbeh/

46. Task Analysis : bathing
past present future
reality *Not stated • Store water in large drums
• Scoop water out of drum with
Carry • Use one container to accom-
plish all steps
small cup or pitcher • Collapse container to fit in-
• Pour water into kettle side large drum and scoop
• Heat water in kettle water out
• Pour water into bowl Scoop • Expand container with add-
• Repeat ed water
• Scoop cold water out of drum • Container has hose to re-
• Pour cold water into bowl trieve or release water
• Mix water to desired temper- • Container has spout to re-
ature Store lease water
• Transport water to bathroom • Use water pressure to create
• Scoop water with small cup water flow
• Pour over body to bathe and
rinse Mix
• Drain remaining water onto
ground
Heat
Jackie/ Narbeh/

47. What if...?
...there was a way to bathe indoors?
...you could minimize the number of steps involved in
bathing?
...you could harness the sun to heat your bath water?
...you could have a running water system with a hanging
container
...heat water once and keep it warm for more than one

48. Emotion
“We used to have to beg
our neighbors for water
when we ran out.”
Jackie/ Narbeh/

49. Emotion
Education/ Reuse/ DIY Booklet
“The problem with
the water is when it
doesn’ arrive...when
t
the water truck comes,
it brings happiness.” -
Rosita
Observation
Water carries with it emotional components, both positive
and negative.
Impact (Education)
Reinforce positive emotions by removing fear of water
shortage, establishing fail-safe backup systems and
assuring confidence in set water delivery schedules.
Jackie/ Narbeh/

50. Needs:
Next to oxygen, water is
the most critical element
for human existence.
Survival:
A person can live ap-
proximately one week
without water. -EPA
Sanitation:
2.5 billion people in the
world do not have access
to adequate sanitation, this
is almost two fifths of the
world’ population. -WHO/
s
UNICEF
The Facts
Jackie/ Narbeh/

51. Needs:
Next to oxygen, water is The fact that water is a basic need is
the most critical element a huge driver of emotions, both good
for human existence. -EPA and bad.
Survival: The consequences of running out of
A person can live approxi-
water are great.
mately one week without
water. -EPA
Sanitation: This problem is widespread and affects
2.5 billion people in the
every facet of daily life, from sanitation
world do not have access to
adequate sanitation, this to sustenance to personal hygiene.
is almost two fifths of the
world’ population. -WHO/
s
UNICEF
The Issues
Jackie/ Narbeh/

52. Water supply and sanitation in Chile is characterized by high levels of access
and good service quality compared to most other countries in latin america
Chile's water and sanitation sector distinguishes itself by the fact that all
urban water companies are privately owned or operated.
Water consumption is highest in the capital region, ranging from 44m3/month
(Aguas Cordillera) to 125m3/month (Aguas de Manquehue).
Aguas Andinas, serving the capital Santiago, majority-owned by the Span-
ish company Aguas de Barcelona,
Average water tariff US$ / m3
1
0,8
0,6
0,4
0,2
Water supply
0
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Average yearly tariffs for Santiago Metropolitan Region
excluding VAT. Financial figures converted to US Dollars as
of March 31, 2009 exchange rate
Jackie/ Narbeh/

53. Water Truck Schedule *E mergency water tank
Monday Wednesday Friday
Cleaning and RefillingR efilling Gets refilled as necessary by the
complete new water truck
filling No set rules for the water use
*subject to availability of the truck and driver
WATER STORAGE SYSTEM
location: Outdoors in front location: Outdoors next to location: Indoors next
MIREYA of the house ROSITA sink and bathroom LUIS to the door
12L 10L 10L 10L 15L 15 L
10 L
5 L5 L 4L
2L 2L
Cooking Laundry, bathroom, shower, dishes, cleaning Laundry, dishes. Bathroom, Cooking Bathroom, dishes Cooking
shower,
cleaning.
Jackie/ Narbeh/

54. past present future
past present future
• Begging for water • Water truck delivers • Running water in
to the campamento permanent houses
reality • Emergency water tank
installed by private water
company
• Uncertainty of • Urcentainty of delivery • Unable to pay for
collecting water • Proper sanitizing of truck the service
issues • Unable to get kids and equipment
ready to school
Jackie/ Narbeh/

55. What if...?
...people trusted the water delivery schedules?
...there was a backup plan to deliver water even when drivers call in
sick?
...Every house has the same point of easy access for delivery of
water, avoiding the risk of not getting water if the family is not at
home.
...There are specific regulations for the use of the water in the
communal emergency tank so there is no waste and there is a
established purpose for the water contained there.
...Every house has its own water emergency tank located in front
of the house and gets checked and refill by the water truck every
week.

56. Sanitazing
Education/ Chlorox partnership
“My daughter has
never gotten sick. I
clean very well every
day.”-Rosa
Observation
People tend to overcompensate in cleaning activities as a
way of preventing illness.
Impact (Education)
Implement an educational campaign to address the
dangers of potentially hazardous cleaning products and
to propose safe alternatives and habits that adhere to the
same safety standards.
Jackie/ Narbeh/

57. Rosa cleans her house everyday..
..even the toilet.
Jackie/ Narbeh/

58. Prevention:
Hand-washing with soap at
critical times can reduce the
incidence of
Sanitation:
One gram of human feces can contain
10,000,000 viruses, 1,000,000 bacteria,
1000 parasite cysts, 100 parasite eggs.
Contamination:
Children in poor environments often
carry 1,000 parasitic worms in their
bodies at a time. -UNICEF
The Facts
Jackie/ Narbeh/

59. Contamination: Children are often the first victims
Children in poor environments often carry
of unsanitary living conditions.
1,000 parasitic worms in their bodies at a
time. -UNICEF
Sanitation: It doesn’ take much for illness and
t
One gram of human feces can contain disease to spread.
10,000,000 viruses, 1,000,000 bacteria,
1000 parasite cysts, 100 parasite eggs.
Prevention: Prevention is an effective, life-sav-
Hand-washing with soap at ing tool.
critical times can reduce the
incidence of
The Issues
Jackie/ Narbeh/

60. What if...?
+
...there was an educational campaign to educate people on
the importance of cleaning?
...there was a partnership with Chlorox to spread this
message?
...the campaign reached out to kids, who would then teach
their parents?
... The cleaner container specifies with graphics how excatly
should be used and the doses for cleaning around the
house. The container gets reused and refilled many times.
...A sustainable cleaner company sponsors a campaing to
deliver their cleaning products to the campamentos giving
the choice to use a product that is safer for the people and