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Tattoos and body piercings have grown in popularity over the past few decades. Once only
reserved for tribes, sailors, or criminals, the meaning of tattoos and the reasons for people getting
them have changed dramatically.
A Brief History
Like body piercings, tattoos are created by the constant application of ink just under the
subcutaneous layer of the skin with a needle. At first, many tribes, sailors, and other groups used
to apply the ink by hand. This was a long, painful process and the marked people were usually of
high status. The tattoos were often a sign of respect, rank, and social status. Since the tattoos are
permanent, the owners were guaranteed respect for life.
The interest of tattooing for the general public spread throughout the world in fads. A sailor would
bring over a fully tattooed indigenous person and interest would spread like wildfire. In London, a
sailor brought over a tattooed Polynesian from the South Pacific, and many of the people of
London began to acquire their own small tattoos in secret places. However, interest in tattooing
waxed and waned due to its long, arduous process of applying every dot of ink by hand.
The electric tattoo machine is a relatively recent invention, created in 1891 by Samuel O'Reily, and
has revolutionized tattoos into an art form. Tattooing can still be long and painful but now the many
punctures in the skin are done automatically at thousands of punctures per minute and can allow
for better detail and shading. Skin is the most unique canvas and a tattoo that is placed onto the
skin is permanent, requiring extra consideration for the right tattoo, the right artist, and the right
placement. That piece of art will follow throughout one's lifetime.
In New York City, Samuel O'Reily trained a partner named Charley Wagner, who continued
teaching after O'Reily's death. For a brief while, Chatham Square flourished with tattoo artists
while the rest of the world remained unimpressed with tattooing. For a long time tattooing was
generally stigmatized and most people with tattoos were stereotyped to be scary, dangerous, or
freaks. During the 1920s tattoos began to be recognized for where a person has been in their
travels, as tattoo artists set up shops in Coney Island. An outbreak of hepatitis, blood poisoning
and other disease even worsened the prospects for tattooing in American culture.
Finally, a tattoo artist named Lyle Tuttle changed America's perception of tattooing by introducing
celebrities to the art form. He tattooed them, mostly women, and used the media to change their
stereotypes about the types of people who got tattoos. Together with the heightened awareness of
the importance of sterilization and the improvement of training, tattoo popularity began to surge in
the last few decades.

2. Changing Views
Today, the tattooing industry booms with new talented artists, schools and apprenticeship for
budding tattooists, enlightened knowledge about sterilization, and health code regulation. Tattoo
suppliers are well known and there are a wide variety of brands to choose from inks, tattoo
machines, needles, and even tattoo shop supplies such as flash designs, chairs, and more.
Younger generations are catching onto this art form and have made having a tattoo almost a rite
of passage when one turns 18 in America. As more and more people of all walks of life have
tattoos, the old stereotypes of tattooing that previously kept tattooing underground and unsafe has
become outdated.
Now getting a tattoo is easier, mildly less painful, and relatively faster than ever before. The results
of sitting in a chair in one position for a few hours are much more satisfying to see a beautiful
piece of art with the outbursts of new and unique tattoo artists, each with their own style. Some
tattoo designers stick with what is known as Old School tattoos, which have the look of tattoos
done before the Second World War. They include traditional designs like nautical stars, pin up girls
and mermaids, Old English letters, sparrows, skulls, hearts, roses, symbolic animal spirits (tigers,
eagles, fish), and more. Old School tattoos keep the look simple with mostly black ink and a little
bit of color because in the older days of tattooing there was not a great variety of ink colors to
choose from. Old school tattoos are also notorious for featuring a ribbon with Old English letters
writing a word or name inside the papyrus. The infamous Sailor Jerry Collins was the man who
designed most tattoos that are now considered traditional or Old School. Today many women
interested in 1950s retro fashion choose Old School tattoos and place them on their arm like a
sailor would back in the day. Many sailor tattoos are symbolic. For example, the nautical star
means that a person has gone through an important event or has been somewhere far and has
returned safely.
New School tattoos include any new techniques done after this war. After the 1961 hepatitis
outbreak which forced the tattoo movement underground for a while, tattoo designs were picked
up by younger generations. They used bold, bright colors and utilized more shading thanks to
advancements in needle variety and better quality ink. The health code regulations and better use
of sterilization machines brought tattooing back in the forefront again. New school tattoos still have
the same list of tattoo designs as old school but are captured in a unique way that is difficult to
explain but easy to see the difference. Also many people today get new school designs that are
custom made, compared to the old school tattoos which were generally picked off a wall of flash.
Today there are dozens of interesting tattoo styles to choose from: Celtic, Japanese, religious,
spiritual, tribal, bio-mechanical, feminine, military, black and gray, traditional, neo-traditional,
modern, and more. The best part about getting a tattoo is designing a custom piece. Then it is
completely unique and meaningful for the person. Today, tattooing is more than ink on skin; it is
expression of the soul.
Dehlia Buckley has four tattoos and a few piercings. Dehlia is a creative college student majoring
in Psychology and also offers her freelancing skills to the world en mass. You can visit her
portfolio at http://cacoethes.webs.com and her blog at [http://cacoethesblog.wordpress.com]

3. Article Source:
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