history of contemporary architecture - 06. Art Nouveau - Part 2.ppt

Expressionism, Secular Ideologies, Reactions against Revivalism and
Beaux Arts
Art Nouveau
Arch. Dania Abdel-Aziz 1

Expressionism, Secular Ideologies, Reactions against Revivalism and Beaux
Arts
Free Style – Macintosh School

Charles Rennie Mackintosh
(British Architect, Interior Designer)
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Arch. Dania Abdel-Aziz
Expressionism, Secular Ideologies, Reactions against Revivalism and Beaux Arts
Free Style – Macintosh School School

• Free Style – Macintosh School (1897-1909)
– One of the leaders of Art Nouveau in England that was influenced by John
Ruskin.
– Established Macintosh School.
– Volumetric FormsDynamic Architecture.
– Arts and crafts moving to a free plan and free style.
– Ornaments and not ornamentation.
– A bridge to Modernism.
– He is usually compared with Frank Lloyd Wright in his importance.
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Examples of his work:
• Glasgow School of Architecture:
• He won a competition for the design of
a new School of Art in Glasgow in
1896.
• This building famed as the most
important proto-modern building in
Britain.
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Glasgow School of Architecture:
 Continuation of the Arts and
Crafts.
 Breaking the Box.
 Grey Granite is used and rough
brick work.
 Glass and Iron allowed a lot of
lighting to get in to the studios
with huge screens of glass and
cast iron that opens to the
outside.
 Functional plan and not based on
geometry.
 Studios are “magazine” shop that
sells arts and architecture.
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Art Nouveau, as represented
by this door in the
Willow Tea-rooms,
Glasgow, by C. R.
Macintosh highlighted
the decorative vale of
the curved line, whether
vegetable or geometric
in origin.
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The Hill House:
 Influenced by arts and
crafts.
 Very Dynamic.
 Huge window facades.
 Flat roofs.
 Emphasis on volumes
and masses.
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The Hill House:
 Simplicity.
 White walls, wood work
relieved by subtle colored
decorations.
 It is now preserved as an
historic building.
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Original furnishing

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Hill House Living Room
Hill House Bookshelf

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Light fixture in the drawing room
The drawing room
The downstairs hallway

The Light House
Glasglow, Scotland
Completed in 1895
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The Light House
Glasglow, Scotland
Completed in 1895
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Expressionism, Secular Ideologies, Reactions against Revivalism and Beaux
Arts
Modernismo – Antonio Gaudy in Spain (1884 –
1926)

Modernismo – Antonio Gaudy in Spain (1884 – 1926):
– He was in Barcelona in Catalonia in Spain.
– He also worked in Free Style and Arts Nouveau.
– He was affected by the Spanish Civil War, and therefore, his architecture
was affected as a resistance to the problem between his city and Madrid
Central Government.
– He visited Africa and he was influenced by the African Style of Abstraction
(The Curvilinear Shapes).
– He mainly adopted the Gothic Style and concentrated his work on Arts and
Crafts, and especially on Crafts.
– He was influenced by Islamic Arts, Stucco Arts, and Organic Arts.
– He was with breaking the box in many ways with a big transformation of
architecture.
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Modernismo – Antonio Gaudy

– Example: Casa Mila:
• A sculptural image residential complex with rectangular openings and no
arches.
• Biomorphic Eroded Lava – Like formations.
• Flat roofs with organic decorations.
• Roof Garden was incorporated later.
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Antonio Gaudi
(Architect, Barcelona)
• Gaudi was a Spanish (Catalan) Architect who
created complex buildings in that the
architecture was considered sculptural as well.
• His buildings are considered biomorphic, or
organically-shaped. This is possibly a rejection
to the coldness that a machine-produced
geometric object would create
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The most overt architectural expression of Art Nouveau is
found in the “growing” buildings of Antonio Gaudi, whose
masterpiece is the Sagrada Familia, a cathedral in
Barcelona. Casa Mila, also in Barcelona, is his foremost
residential work.
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The Sagrada Familia, Barcelona
Casa Mila- Barcelona

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La Sagrada Familia
(The Holy Family)
Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
1882-2026

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Antonio Gaudi (Spanish)
• Apartment building incorporating organic form (Art Nouveau)
• Design inspired by the discovery of the Altamira Caves (Prehistoric Caves in
Spain)
• Gaudi was trained as an ironworker before he became an architect
• Gaudi created buildings as “living things”
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Antonio Gaudi, Casa
Mila (Barcelona, Spain),
1907

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Casa Milà
Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
1905-1907

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Casa Battlo
Barcelona, Spain
1905-1907

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Parque Güell
Barcelona, Spain
1900 to 1914
Parque Güell, or Guell Park is surrounded
by an undulating mosaic wall.

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Parque Güell
Barcelona, Spain
1900 to 1914

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• When Art Nouveau fell out of fashion in the 1920s and 1930s, it was replaced by the
clean, simple geometries of Art Deco.
• The extravagant curves of Art Nouveau were seen as old-fashioned and viewed with
contempt.
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BEGINNING OF ART DECO

• Many Art Nouveau products were put away, spurned, or destroyed.
• Rooms once decorated in what had been the height of fashion were redecorated to
conform to the latest taste.
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• It was not until nearly half a century later, in 1952, the first comprehensive exhibition
devoted to Art Nouveau was organized in Zurich, Switzerland.
• Present day interest in Art Nouveau, and in particular its widespread appreciation
within the last thirty years, has once again firmly established it as an important art
movement.
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Thank you 
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history of contemporary architecture - 06. Art Nouveau - Part 2.ppt

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history of contemporary architecture - 06. Art Nouveau - Part 2.ppt