1. Guy Fawkes Day

2. Who Is Guy Fawkes
• Guy Fawkes (13 April 1570 – 31 January 1606), also known as Guido Fawkes, the
name he adopted while fighting for the Spanish in the Low Countries, was a member of
a group of provincial English Catholics who planned the failed Gunpowder Plot of
1605.
• Fawkes was born and educated in York. His father died when Fawkes was eight years
old, after which his mother married a recusant Catholic. Fawkes later converted to
Catholicism and left for the continent, where he fought in the Eighty Years' War on the
side of Catholic Spain against Protestant Dutch reformers. He travelled to Spain to
seek support for a Catholic rebellion in England but was unsuccessful. He later met
Thomas Wintour, with whom he returned to England.
• Wintour introduced Fawkes to Robert Catesby, who planned to assassinate
King James I and restore a Catholic monarch to the throne. The plotters secured the
lease to an under croft beneath the House of Lords, and Fawkes was placed in charge
of the gunpowder they stockpiled there. Prompted by the receipt of an anonymous
letter, the authorities searched Westminster Palace during the early hours of
5 November, and found Fawkes guarding the explosives. Over the next few days, he
was questioned and tortured, and eventually he broke. Immediately before his
execution on 31 January, Fawkes jumped from the scaffold where he was to be
hanged and broke his neck, thus avoiding the agony of the mutilation that followed.
• Fawkes became synonymous with the Gunpowder Plot, the failure of which has been
commemorated in England since 5 November 1605. His effigy is traditionally burned
on a bonfire, commonly accompanied by a firework display.

3. Gunpowder Plot
• In 1604 Fawkes became involved with a small group of English Catholics, led by
Robert Catesby, who planned to assassinate the Protestant King James and replace
him with his daughter, third in the line of succession, Princess Elizabeth. Fawkes was
described by the Jesuit priest and former school friend Oswald Tesimond as "pleasant
of approach and cheerful of manner, opposed to quarrels and strife ... loyal to his
friends". Tesimond also claimed Fawkes was "a man highly skilled in matters of war",
and that it was this mixture of piety and professionalism which endeared him to his
fellow conspirators. The author Antonia Fraser describes Fawkes as "a tall, powerfully
built man, with thick reddish-brown hair, a flowing moustache in the tradition of the
time, and a bushy reddish-brown beard", and that he was "a man of action ... capable
of intelligent argument as well as physical endurance, somewhat to the surprise of his
enemies."
• The first meeting of the five central conspirators took place on Sunday 20 May 1604,
at an inn called the Duck and Drake, in the fashionable Strand district of
London. Catesby had already proposed at an earlier meeting with Thomas Wintour and
John Wright to kill the King and his government by blowing up "the Parliament House
with gunpowder". Wintour, who at first objected to the plan, was convinced by
Catesby to travel to the continent to seek help. Wintour met with the Constable of
Castile, the exiled Welsh spy Hugh Owen, and Sir William Stanley, who said that
Catesby would receive no support from Spain. Owen did, however, introduce Wintour
to Fawkes, who had by then been away from England for many years, and thus was
largely unknown in the country. Wintour and Fawkes were contemporaries; each was
militant, and had first-hand experience of the unwillingness of the Spaniards to help.
Wintour told Fawkes of their plan to "doe some what in England if the peace with
Spaine healped us not", and thus in April 1604 the two men returned to
England. Wintour's news did not surprise Catesby; despite positive noises from the
Spanish authorities, he feared that "the deeds would not answer".
• The plotters purchased the lease to the room, which also belonged to John Whynniard.
Unused and filthy, it was considered an ideal hiding place for the gunpowder the
plotters planned to store. According to Fawkes, 20 barrels of gunpowder were brought
in at first, followed by 16 more on 20 July. On 28 July however, the ever-present threat
of the plague delayed the opening of Parliament until Tuesday, 5 November

4. = - > THE END :D