This document summarizes NASA's Earth science missions and research from 2008-2014. It outlines 15 current Earth observing missions, several missions in development during this period including NPP, GPM, and LDCM. It then discusses next steps such as using the ISS, unmanned aircraft, and modeling frameworks for ecological forecasting. Specific applications highlighted include monitoring wildfires, pipelines, agriculture, and using satellite data to help disaster response and situational awareness.