1. OBESITY

2. OBESITY
A medical condition in which excess body fat has
accumulated to the extent that it may have an
adverse effect on health, leading to reduced life
expectancy and/or increased health problems.
People are considered as obese when their body
mass index (BMI), a measurement obtained by
dividing a person's weight in kilograms by the
square of the person's height in metres, exceeds
30 kg/m2.

3. HISTORY
Obesity is from the Latin obesitas, which means
"stout, fat, or plump." Ēsus is the past participle of edere (to
eat), with ob (over) added to it. The Greeks were the first to
recognize obesity as a medical disorder. Hippocrates wrote
that "Corpulence is not only a disease itself, but the
harbinger of others". The Indian surgeon Sushruta (6th
century BCE) related obesity to diabetes and heart disorders.
He recommended physical work to help cure it and its side
effects. For most of human history mankind struggled with
food scarcity. Obesity has thus historically been viewed as a
sign of wealth and prosperity. It was common among high
officials in Europe in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance as
well as in Ancient East Asian civilizations.

4. TYPES
The first type is not caused by any disease but
mainly due to lifestyle and eating habits. Too much
eating and eating fatty foods are the common causes
of obesity not just for adults but also to children.
Lack of exercise is also a major factor. The unused
fats in the body will accumulate if you have a
sedentary lifestyle. The Type 1 obesity comprises the
major percentage of obese people. And this
condition will lead to other health problems if not
given enough attention.

5. TYPES
An abnormal weight gain occurs even if the person
does not eat too much. Some causes of this type are
cushing syndrome, hypothyroidism, polycystic ovarian
disease, and insulinoma. People suffering from
hypothyroidism experiences a drop in metabolism. Weight
gain occurs as a result of low calorie consumption. In the
case of cushing syndrome, abdominal obesity occurs where
most of the fats gather around the body. It is also
characterized by the thinning of the arms and legs. There
are instances where the hypodermis cracks from sudden
weight gain causing line marks on the
abdomen, groin, underarm, and back.

7. HEALTH RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH
OBESITY
• Insulin resistance. Once the pancreas can no longer keep up
with producing high levels of insulin, blood glucose levels
begin to rise, resulting in type 2 diabetes, thus insulin
resistance is a pre-diabetes condition.
• High blood pressure (hypertension). Hypertension is
common among obese adults. Weight gain tended to
increase blood pressure in women more significantly than in
men. The risk of developing high blood pressure is also
higher in obese people who are apple shaped (central
obesity) than in people who are pear shaped.

8. • Others are high cholesterol, stroke, heart
attack, congestive heart
failure, cancer, gallstones, gout and gouty
arthritis, osteoarthritis (degenerative arthritis) of
the knees, hips, and the lower back and sleep
apnea.

9. MANAGEMENT
• The main treatment for obesity consists of dieting
and physical exercise. Diet programs may produce
weight loss over the short term, but maintaining
this weight loss is frequently difficult and often
requires making exercise and a lower food energy
diet a permanent part of a person's lifestyle.
Success rates of long-term weight loss maintenance
with lifestyle changes are low, ranging from 2–20%.
Dietary and lifestyle changes are effective in
limiting excessive weight gain in pregnancy and
improve outcomes for both the mother and the
child.