Farm To Market
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The document discusses integrating sustainable food systems into urban planning from rural to urban areas. It describes a "transect" with different zones from rural to urban and examples of agricultural uses within each zone, ranging from large commercial farms to small urban gardens and markets. The goal is the harmonious interaction of food production, distribution, and sales within and among communities.
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Farm To Market
- 1. FARM TO MARKET by MARY DENNIS
- 2. AGRICULTURAL URBANISM DRAWING BY JAMES WASSELL T1 T2 the harmonious interaction of sustainable T3 food systems into all levels of the neighborhood T4 production, distribution and selling of food within the T5 community T6
- 3. THE TRANESCT DRAWING BY JAMES WASSELL T1 natural zone T2 rural zone T3 sub-urban zone T4 general urban zone T5 urban center zone T6 urban core zone
- 4. natural zone DRAWING BY JAMES WASSELL T1 SILVA CULTURE T2 PERMACULTURE T3 FORAGING HUNTING T4 FISHING T5 T6
- 5. Rural Zone DRAWING BY JAMES WASSELL T1 Farms from T2 Large to Small T3 T4 T5 T6
- 6. Large Scale DRAWING BY JAMES WASSELL T1 Large Scale Farms T2 20 + acres farming at this scale requires machinery T3 and support infrastructure including T4 feed and seed stores, processing facilities and distribution centers. T5 T6
- 7. large scale DRAWING BY JAMES WASSELL T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 20+ acres
- 8. farm fields DRAWING BY JAMES WASSELL T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6
- 9. farm fields DRAWING BY JAMES WASSELL T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6
- 10. farm fields DRAWING BY JAMES WASSELL T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6
- 11. orchard DRAWING BY JAMES WASSELL T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6
- 12. vineyard DRAWING BY JAMES WASSELL T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6
- 13. vineyards DRAWING BY JAMES WASSELL T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6
- 14. vineyards DRAWING BY JAMES WASSELL T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6
- 15. bee hives DRAWING BY JAMES WASSELL T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6
- 17. medium scale farms DRAWING BY JAMES WASSELL T1 5-20 acres T2 Specialty farms, Family farms, Legacy farms, Kitchen gardens, CSA and T3 Community gardens Nurseries, T4 Many small farms can be hand tended or have limited times of machine use and spraying. T5 Large compost piles T6 Farm Stands and Markets, Feed stores and Garden centers
- 18. medium scale DRAWING BY JAMES WASSELL T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 5-20 acres
- 19. DRAWING BY JAMES WASSELL T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6
- 20. legacy farm DRAWING BY JAMES WASSELL T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 a formal working farm Mount Vernon VA
- 21. billings farm vt DRAWING BY JAMES WASSELL T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 a working dairy farm T6
- 22. Family fARM DRAWING BY JAMES WASSELL T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6
- 23. urban farm DRAWING BY JAMES WASSELL T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6
- 24. niche crops DRAWING BY JAMES WASSELL T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6
- 25. CSA DRAWING BY JAMES WASSELL T1 community supported agriculture T2 a prepaid subscription to a farms produce for the season T3 weekly supplies of veggies, herbs, fruit, eggs, cheese, meat, and flowers T4 delivered to a central drop-off point T5 T6
- 26. co-ops DRAWING BY JAMES WASSELL T1 Little Rhody Foods a co-op of local farmers producing T2 eggs and milk distributed to local grocery stores T3 T4 T5 T6
- 27. the food project DRAWING BY JAMES WASSELL T1 bringing inner city and suburban kids to the farm T2 growing food developing leadership skills T3 and bridging diversity gaps T4 T5 T6
- 28. 4-H clubs DRAWING BY JAMES WASSELL T1 teaching young children about T2 animal husbandry growing food T3 T4 T5 T6
- 30. small Scale farms DRAWING BY JAMES WASSELL T1 1/2 - 5 acres Market Gardens T2 Edible yards, Community gardens, Schoolyard gardens, T3 Container gardens Small animal husbandry T4 Farmers Markets, Garden Centers, Green Grocers Screening and fencing to separate neighbors T5 and street T6 small compost piles
- 31. small scale DRAWING BY JAMES WASSELL T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 1-5 acres
- 32. vegtable garden DRAWING BY JAMES WASSELL T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6
- 33. vegetable garden DRAWING BY JAMES WASSELL T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6
- 34. kitchen garden DRAWING BY JAMES WASSELL T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 with chickens T6
- 35. herb garden DRAWING BY JAMES WASSELL T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6
- 36. civic orchard DRAWING BY JAMES WASSELL T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6
- 37. community gardens DRAWING BY JAMES WASSELL T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6
- 38. community garden DRAWING BY JAMES WASSELL T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6
- 39. urban community DRAWING BY JAMES WASSELL T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6
- 40. DRAWING BY JAMES WASSELL T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6
- 41. urban core DRAWING BY JAMES WASSELL T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6
- 42. boston community DRAWING BY JAMES WASSELL T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6
- 43. community garden DRAWING BY JAMES WASSELL T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6
- 44. community garden DRAWING BY JAMES WASSELL T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6
- 45. community garden DRAWING BY JAMES WASSELL T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6
- 46. community gardens DRAWING BY JAMES WASSELL T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6
- 48. animal husbaNdry DRAWING BY JAMES WASSELL T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6
- 49. bee hive DRAWING BY JAMES WASSELL T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6
- 50. CHICKENS DRAWING BY JAMES WASSELL T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6
- 51. sheep DRAWING BY JAMES WASSELL T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6
- 52. goats DRAWING BY JAMES WASSELL T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6
- 53. cows DRAWING BY JAMES WASSELL T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6
- 54. Village Cows DRAWING BY JAMES WASSELL T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6
- 56. intra-urban zone DRAWING BY JAMES WASSELL T1 Community gardens, Schoolyard gardens T2 Yard gardens Container gardens, Roof gardens T3 Balcony, Window and Terrace gardens Market Halls, Market Squares and Streets Farmers Markets and Push Carts T4 Green Grocers, Cheese Mongers, Butcher specialty stores T5 Hardware Stores Small Garden Centers T6 Compost Recycling and Small Bins
- 57. yard gardens DRAWING BY JAMES WASSELL T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 front gardens kitchen gardens
- 58. front yard DRAWING BY JAMES WASSELL T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6
- 59. front yard DRAWING BY JAMES WASSELL T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6
- 60. back garden DRAWING BY JAMES WASSELL T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6
- 61. edible yards DRAWING BY JAMES WASSELL T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6
- 62. edible yard DRAWING BY JAMES WASSELL T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6
- 63. kitchen garden DRAWING BY JAMES WASSELL T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6
- 64. kitchen garden DRAWING BY JAMES WASSELL T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6
- 65. kitchen garden DRAWING BY JAMES WASSELL T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6
- 66. kitchen garden DRAWING BY JAMES WASSELL T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6
- 67. intra-urban DRAWING BY JAMES WASSELL T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 50-5,000 square feet
- 68. urban school yard DRAWING BY JAMES WASSELL T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6
- 69. kindergarden DRAWING BY JAMES WASSELL T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6
- 71. street orchard DRAWING BY JAMES WASSELL T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6
- 72. edible streeTs DRAWING BY JAMES WASSELL T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6
- 73. alley DRAWING BY JAMES WASSELL T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6
- 74. herb alley DRAWING BY JAMES WASSELL T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6
- 75. roof gardenS DRAWING BY JAMES WASSELL T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6
- 76. vertical gardens DRAWING BY JAMES WASSELL T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6
- 77. civic garden DRAWING BY JAMES WASSELL T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6
- 78. container gardens DRAWING BY JAMES WASSELL T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6
- 79. raised beds DRAWING BY JAMES WASSELL T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6
- 80. container garden DRAWING BY JAMES WASSELL T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6
- 81. container garden DRAWING BY JAMES WASSELL T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6
- 82. Green Car DRAWING BY JAMES WASSELL T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6
- 83. mobile garden DRAWING BY JAMES WASSELL T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6
- 84. dock gardens DRAWING BY JAMES WASSELL T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6
- 85. truck garden DRAWING BY JAMES WASSELL T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6
- 86. DRAWING BY JAMES WASSELL T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6
- 87. use of edible plants in parks, natural areas and right of ways increases foraging opportunities and enhances wildlife habitat
- 89. market hall entrance DRAWING BY JAMES WASSELL T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6
- 90. market hall DRAWING BY JAMES WASSELL T1 through mid block T2 T3 T4 T5 T6
- 91. borough market DRAWING BY JAMES WASSELL T1 UNDER THE T2 ELEVATED T3 under the T4 elevated T5 T6
- 92. market hall DRAWING BY JAMES WASSELL T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6
- 93. market hall DRAWING BY JAMES WASSELL T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6
- 94. Market Hall DRAWING BY JAMES WASSELL T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 local local local
- 95. market hall DRAWING BY JAMES WASSELL T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6
- 96. market street DRAWING BY JAMES WASSELL T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6
- 97. market street DRAWING BY JAMES WASSELL T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6
- 98. corner market DRAWING BY JAMES WASSELL T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6
- 99. food wagon DRAWING BY JAMES WASSELL T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6
- 100. push carts DRAWING BY JAMES WASSELL T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6
- 101. market square DRAWING BY JAMES WASSELL T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6
- 102. market with espalir DRAWING BY JAMES WASSELL T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6
- 103. market square DRAWING BY JAMES WASSELL T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6
- 104. market square DRAWING BY JAMES WASSELL T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6
- 105. spice vender DRAWING BY JAMES WASSELL T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6
- 106. GENERAL STORE DRAWING BY JAMES WASSELL T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6
- 107. farmers market DRAWING BY JAMES WASSELL T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6
- 108. CHANDLER Y DRAWING BY JAMES WASSELL T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6
- 109. village market DRAWING BY JAMES WASSELL T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6
- 110. farmstand DRAWING BY JAMES WASSELL T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6
- 111. farm standS DRAWING BY JAMES WASSELL T1 T2 T3 rural T4 T5 T6
- 112. GENERAL STORE DRAWING BY JAMES WASSELL T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6
- 113. GENERAL STORE DRAWING BY JAMES WASSELL T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6
- 114. GENERAL STORE DRAWING BY JAMES WASSELL T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6
- 115. CULTURE COLLISION DRAWING BY JAMES WASSELL T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6
- 116. WINDPOWER DRAWING BY JAMES WASSELL T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6
- 117. WATER POWER DRAWING BY JAMES WASSELL T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6
- 118. SUGAR SHACK DRAWING BY JAMES WASSELL T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6
- 120. greenhouses DRAWING BY JAMES WASSELL T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6
- 121. farm center DRAWING BY JAMES WASSELL T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6
- 122. feed storeS DRAWING BY JAMES WASSELL T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6
- 123. garden center DRAWING BY JAMES WASSELL T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6
- 124. garden centerS DRAWING BY JAMES WASSELL T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6
- 125. COMPOST DRAWING BY JAMES WASSELL T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6
- 126. delivery DRAWING BY JAMES WASSELL T1 gathering basket wheelbarrow T2 pick-up truck van T3 panel truck handcart T4 T5 T6
- 128. village plans DRAWING BY JAMES WASSELL T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6
- 129. hadley Ma DRAWING BY JAMES WASSELL T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6
- 130. longmeadow DRAWING BY JAMES WASSELL T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6
- 131. ALLOTMENT GARDENS DRAWING BY JAMES WASSELL T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6
- 132. DRAWING BY JAMES WASSELL T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6
- 133. DRAWING BY JAMES WASSELL T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6
- 134. nothing to it DRAWING BY JAMES WASSELL T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6
- 135. Mary Dennis CIVIC LANDSCAPE 2009 mary@bdennis.com
Editor's Notes
- I began thinking about how to grow food as part of civic life, and how to include farmers within traditional town designs to expand the range of choices available to people and settlement patterns. Young farmers in particular may want to inhabit walkable communities, and farm on a small scale, either for their own cup-boards or as specialty growers suppling restaurants and local markets. This presentation diagrams in broad strokes the possibilities for knitting a range of farm scales, from the large to the very small, into the urban fabric. The possibilities to also integrate farming with other open space objectives, conservation easements etc, can also benefit the town as a whole by protecting watersheds and thus reduce flooding risks and storm water management costs, provide greenways for wildlife and recreation.
- The transect: is a geologic cross section through a region intended to describe a sequence of environments, originally analyzing natural ecologies, but also apt for describing a range of human habitats. The Rural to Urban transect is a useful tool to ensure that building patterns are planned in a contextual manner and that the relationships between buildings and the public realm are appropriately scaled.
- Permaculture best describes the types of sustenance activities that take place in the natural zone. Loosely defined, these “farming” practices closely mimic natural ecologies, and knowledge of the land, plants , animals and seasons is key in cultivating wild food.
- At whatever scale that farming is practiced, stewarding the land in a sustainable manner, to preserve the health of the soil and biodiversity of genetic material, will be increasingly important to insure the productivity of the land for future generations. Bio-remediation of marginal or degraded land, especially close to the urban core and edge can reverse decades or centuries of neglect and bring fertility and abundance back to wasted landscapes.
- Regionally, certain areas are known for being conductive to particular types of crops. Farmers, out of necessity, form co-ops to support the infrastructure they need to be successful. Grains, orchards, dairies.... As little as 50 years ago, 70% of Boston’s food was grown within a 30 mile radius. (Check Facts) To be self sufficient, an early american farmer needed 100 acres. Many people had much smaller farm yards or kitchen gardens, 1-5 acres (Check facts) and raised most of their own fresh fruit, vegetables, eggs, etc.
- It is possible to re-conceive even large scales farms re-woven closer to civic life.
- This farm, Los Poblanos, near Albuquerque New Mexico, supports a CSA and is pioneering lavender as a compatible crop for the arid southwest. Acequias, the traditional irrigation method of sluices and ditches are still maintained as part of their cultural practices. Heritage live-stalk breeds such as navajo sheep were brought back from the verge of extinction. The chef at the Inn takes advantage of the fresh fruit, vegetables and eggs produced on the farm.
- Winter wheat is helping restore the fertility these fields as part of a systematic program of crop rotations.
- This Tuscan landscape was once so depleted it resembled a moonscape. Centuries of over grazing and shortage of able farmers due to conscription, was turned around after the first world war. Now it is the verdant image we have of Tuscany
- Agricultural landscapes are an important part of our cultural heritage.
- George Washington’s Georgian farm is an example of a rationally planned farm, which was known as exemplary for it’s progressive husbandry practices.
- This legacy farm is a model of conservation and sustainable land use. As a heritage farm, values that are essential to community and human spirit are celebrated.
- New Town St. Charles, Missouri north of St Louis, founded in 2003, built this organic farm with community plots as an asset for it’s residents.
- Many restaurants support specialty crop growers for sources of seasonal and local produce.
- CSA’s also create an important means of preserving agricultural land through conservation easements and guarantee a source of income for the farmer.
- an example of co-operative ventures enabling small farmers to successfully compete with large scale operations.
- Vacant land converted into community gardens, transforms blighted lots into nuclei for strengthening neighborhoods.
- Located in the fens, part of Olmsted’s emerald necklace, this is one of the oldest continuously tended community gardens in the country.
- A community playhouse as part of a neighborhood garden.
- by studying village plans, planners can re-evaluate lotting in order to preserve agricultural lands, building in clusters and keeping the most labor intensive and kitchen gardens close to home.
- HADLEY MA, incorporated in 1659. The Connecticut valley, also called Pioneer Valley, has some of the best farmland in all of New England, and has been farmed continuously by European settlers for over 350 years.
- Long Meadow in Hadley is a mile long civic green that spans across the peninsular plain defined by a bend in the Connecticut River. Farmsteads, dating back hundreds of years, are aligned with formal setbacks and fronts to the green. Farm fields stretch continuously in the backs with barns and other farm structures behind the houses. (the green is 330 feet wide, includes the street right of way). The crossroads forms a civic center with meeting halls, school, businesses, taverns, This landscape is fast disappearing to rural sprawl and big box strip development. A greenway path along the river provides an alternate travel route for bicyclists and walkers to North Adams and Amherst.
- This plan is interesting, note the size of the allotments compared to the house lots.