Great Depression Communism- Russia Facism- Italy Nazism- Germany'

1. What
happened
after WWI?
Discontent and Experimentation
Chapter 21

2. Great Britain
 veterans came home to a struggling
economy
 high debt
 trade suffering
 unemployment (25%)
 dole = aid for unemploymentdole = aid for unemployment
 England becomes more and more a welfare
state
 Labour party increases power in government

3. France
 heavier loss of life & property than Great
Britain
 gained new territories = mineral deposits
& industrial plants (From Germany)
 Alsace and Lorraine
 politically unstable
 too many political parties, no one majority
 suspicious of Germany
 protect border with Germany***

4. Territory Gained in
WWI

5. Worst case scenario...
post WWI if Germany had
won

6. France
 Maginot Line
 fortification against
Germans
 "guaranteed to stop
Germans from
attacking"
 communication,
ammunition,
transportation, living
quarters
 proved ineffective in
WWII

7. Underground View of
Maginot Line

8. USA
 WWI put America involved in world affairs
 many Americans wanted to return to
isolationism
 Wilson ( involved in international affairs)
 Harding (return to isolationism)
 Coolidge (domestic over international)
 Hoover

9. USA
 Great Depression
 appearances = everything good
 Roaring 20's
 factories produce more consumer goods
 more leisure time than every before
 Stock Market Collapse 1929
 prices drop
 unemployment (33%)
 banks fail
 factories close
 people lose homes

11. FDR and New Deal
 1932 FDR elected president
 programs to provide:
 relief
 recovery
 reform
 Gave people jobs
 regulate stock exchange
 increse power of Federal Bureaucracy
 bureaucracy = nonelected officials who handle
govt affairs

12. BuiltwithPublicWorksProgram

13. The Rise ofThe Rise of
TotalitarianismTotalitarianism
(1920s-1930s)(1920s-1930s)

14. What isWhat is
Totalitarianism?Totalitarianism?
 Totalitarianism:Totalitarianism: dictator has complete controldictator has complete control
over his country & the lives of his peopleover his country & the lives of his people
 Key Traits of TotalitarianismKey Traits of Totalitarianism
 Dictator:Dictator:
 total powertotal power
 One party:One party:
 ruling party is the only legal political partyruling party is the only legal political party
 gov't control of all aspects of lifegov't control of all aspects of life
 business, religion, the arts, education, etc.business, religion, the arts, education, etc.
 use ofuse of propagandapropaganda,, fearfear, and, and secret policesecret police
 No freedom of speech, religion, press, etc.No freedom of speech, religion, press, etc.

15. Totalitarian LeadersTotalitarian Leaders
 Why did they come to power?Why did they come to power?
 People wanted strong leaders to get them out ofPeople wanted strong leaders to get them out of
the Great Depressionthe Great Depression
 Russia (Lenin, Stalin)Russia (Lenin, Stalin)
 Italy (Mussolini)Italy (Mussolini)
 Germany (Hitler)Germany (Hitler)
 Nationalism—they promised to make theirNationalism—they promised to make their
countries big and powerfulcountries big and powerful
 What did they want?What did they want?
 Total control over country and peopleTotal control over country and people
 Strong military and economyStrong military and economy
 More land—they were willing to go to war for it!More land—they were willing to go to war for it!

16. The Soviet UnionThe Soviet Union
(U.S.S.R.)(U.S.S.R.)
• Bolsheviks vs. Menshaviks (Both Social Democratic Party)
•Russo Japanese War
• embarassment for Russia
• lost territory to Japan
• Peace talks earned
Roosevelt Nobel Peace
Prize
- more radical
- change through
violence
- more moderate
- change through
peaceful measures

17. Road to Revolution
 Bloody Sunday (March to Winter Palace)
 peaceful march
 ask for reforms (elections, improve conditions,
etc.)
 soldiers open fire, kill innocent marchers
 October Strike
 Czar promises to give them duma (national
assembly)
 free speech
 elections

18. Reasons for Revolution
 food shortages
 embarassment of
war failures
 discontent with
gov't
 Rasputin influence
over czar's wife

19. Revolution
 Tzar abdicates throne 1917
 ends 300 yrs Romanov rule
 Kerensky = provisional gov't
 nobody respected him
 Germans send bolsheviks home to cause trouble
 knows this will get Russia out of WWI
 Lenin takes power easily
 good leadership & good orator
 discipline within party
 knew what the people wanted

20. Lenin
 studied karl marx
 leadership of Bolsheviks
 believed in violent revolution
 "communism will succeed if lead by
working class people"
 offered "hope" to downtrodden Russian
people
 offered immediate results to problems

21.  1918- Lenin moves
capital to Moscow
 from St. Petersburg
 1924- Russia becomes USSR
 tightly regulate economy
 all surplus crops and goods belong to govt
 forced labor
 no incentives
 1921-28- New Economic Policy
 temporary retreat from communism to rescue
economy from collapse
 allow capitalist aspects for a short time

22. Stalin steps in
 battle with Trotsky for control
 Stalin had more friends in govt
 5 Year Plans (1928-33)
 tried to build up industry
 collectivize agriculture = bring under gov't control
 secret police - tool of control and fear to force compliance
 RESULTS = conflict, famine, poverty
 death of 5 million Russians

23. Two Types ofTwo Types of
Totalitarianism:Totalitarianism:
Fascism vs. CommunismFascism vs. Communism
 FascismFascism
 privately owned
companies;
regulated by govt
 highly
nationalistic
 military dictator
 glorifies state
 CommunismCommunism
 No social classes
 No private property
 Global communism
 calls for all nations to
be united under
communism
 Anti-religion

24. BothBoth
Totalitarian dictatorshipTotalitarian dictatorship
–– required absoluterequired absolute
obedience to leaderobedience to leader
Anti-democracyAnti-democracy
Extreme militarismExtreme militarism ––
glorification of militaryglorification of military

25. ItalyItaly
• dissapointed after WWI
•didn't get much reward for siding with Allies
• strikes, inflation, debt problems
• Rich were afraid of Communism
• Soldiers came home to no jobs
• Nationalists wanted a strong Italy
MussoliniMussolini
satisfied allsatisfied all
3 groups3 groups

26. Mussolini
 imprisoned for being a socialist
 loved war and military glory
 organized fascist party after ancient Rome
 seemed to provide: order and stability
 March on Rome, demand king to make him premier of
Italy
 King does it
 slowly but surely increases his power over the
people
 "Il Duce" (leader, commander)

27. Lateran Treaty
 treaty with Roman
Catholic Church
 pope recognize
authority of
government
 Government grant
pope independant
state = Vatican City

28. GermanyGermany
 Kaiswer Wilhelm II abdicates end of WWI
 revolutions all over Germany
 Weimar Republic
 written constitution
 7 year president elected
President appoints a chancellor
Weaknesses:
people didn't support republic
too many political parties
 no experience running a republic
perfect timing for Adolph Hitler

29. Hitler
 little success as a young man
 artist and architect = fail
 not fit for military
 Volunteers for Reserve Infantry
 gets hurt and awarded to silver crosses
 Angry at armistice end of WWI
 Joined Nazi group and became
leader
 formed Blackshirts (protect Hitler,
become SS- secret police, war crimes,
concentration camps, good fighters)

30. Hitler and Nazi Party
 1923- revolt in Munich = FAIL
 jailed for about a year
 wrote book "Mein Kampf" (My
Struggle")
 attacked Weimar Republic
 hatred for Jews
 renounce Treaty of Versailles
 Germanic people = master race
 after jail, he spread his ideas
through speeches

31. Hitler Rise to Power
1.Weimar Republic Weak
2. Many Germans angry at Treaty of
Versailles
3. Economic problems in Germany
4. Anti-communist
5. Hitler's charisma, leadership and
propaganda

32. Youth serve the leader. All
ten-year-olds into the HJ
(Hitler Youth)”. It is likely that
the girl looks up with passion
to Hitler as the leader.
“Who is Adolf Hitler? The
man from the people, for
the people! The German
front soldier who risked his
life in 48 battles for
Germany! What does Adolf
Hitler want? Freedom and
food for every decent
working German! ......
A Nazi sword kills a snake, the
blade passing through a red
Star of David. The red words
coming from the snake are:
usury, Versailles,
unemployment, war guilt lie,
Marxism, Bolshevism, lies and
betrayal, inflation, Locarno,
Dawes Pact, Young Plan,
corruption, Barmat, Kutistker,
Sklarek [the last three Jews
involved in major financial
scandals], prostitution, terror,
civil war.

33. Nazi Germany
 blame Jews for
WWI's outcome
 action against Jews
 November 1938 =
Kristallnacht
 destroyed thousands
of Jewish properties
 Jew's citizenships
taken away
 Sent to concentration
camps

34. Hitler's 4 Year Plans
 1933 - seeks to end
unemployment
 building programs
 autobahn- military
highway across the
country
 in case fights a 2 front
war again
 Self sufficient
 in case of blockade it can
survive
 "strength in joy" keep the
people happy
 vacations and
entertainment @ low cost