Into the Great Wide Open

Clint Lalonde
TEC, Victoria, BC,
May 2013
Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license
Image: Into the Great Wide Open by Maarten van Maanen used under Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike license

Photo: Governors Island Alliance Harbor Map by Jeff Ferzoco used under CC-BY-NC license

Day of the MOOC by Michael Branson Smith used under CC-BY-BC license
O

Why OPEN?
Photo: Fina Underwater by Dave Foster used under Creative Commons license

Open (free) Culture
“social movement that promotes the freedom to distribute
and modify creative works in the form of free content by
using the Internet and other forms of media.
Free Culture Movement Wikipedia

“citizens have the
right to access the
documents and
proceedings of the
government to allow
for effective public
oversight”
Open Government
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_government
Photo: Peace Tower by Ken Lewis
used under CC-BY-NC-SA license

open.royalroads.ca
open.ubc.ca

Open Access Publishing
“As a society, we are paying for science,
and then we’re paying to read about it.”
http://ubyssey.ca/author/gordanapanicgoldischami/

Open Access Publishing
The Development of Open Access Journal Publishing from 1993 to 2009 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3113847/

Good or Bad?

…“openness” has become a dangerously vague
term, with lots of sex appeal but barely any
analytical content.
For many institutions, “open” has become the
new “green.” And in the same way that
companies will “greenwash” their initiatives by
invoking eco-friendly window dressing to hide
less-palatable practices, there has also
emerged a term to describe similar efforts to
read “openness” into situations and
environments where it doesn’t exist:
“openwashing.”
Evgeny Morozov March, 2013, New York Times

Anya Kamenetz, http://www.fastcompany.com/1790122/pearson-blackboard-and-educations-new-openwashing
http://www.blackboard.com/about-bb/news-center/Press-Releases.aspx?releaseid=1676740

“…openness is the sole means by which
education is effected. If a teacher is not
sharing what he or she knows, there is no
education happening.
In fact, those educators who share the
most thoroughly of themselves with the
greatest proportion of their students are
the ones we deem successful. Does every
single student come out of a class in
possession of the knowledge and skills the
teacher tried to share? In other words, is
the teacher a successful sharer? If so, then
the teacher is a successful educator. If
attempts at sharing fail, then the teacher is
a poor educator.
Education is sharing.
Education is about being open.”
Openness as Catalyst for an Educational Reformation, David Wiley, EDUCAUSE Review, vol. 45, no. 4 (July/August 2010): 14–20

The amazing expansion of websites globally from 1994 to about 2000—
was driven by open access and individuals learning by reading other
people's HTML code. The web growth over those six years is probably
the most significant distance learning program the world has ever
seen. One could say it was perhaps the first “massive open online”
learning phenomenon, occurring nearly two decades before anyone
ever heard of the idea of a MOOC (massive open online course).
Open Educational Resources as Learning Materials: Prospects & Strategies for Libraries, Research Libraries Issues, Sept 2012
http://publications.arl.org/rli280/1

“OER are teaching, learning, and research
resources that reside in the public domain or have
been released under an intellectual property license
that permits their free use and re-purposing by
others.”
William & Flora Hewlett Foundation
http://www.hewlett.org/programs/education-program/open-educational-resources

“Open Educational Resources (OERs) are any type
of educational materials that are in the public
domain or introduced with an open license. The
nature of these open materials means that anyone
can legally and freely copy, use, adapt and re-share
them.”
UNESCO
http://www.unesco.org/new/en/communication-and-information/access-to-knowledge/open-educational-
resources/what-are-open-educational-resources-oers/

• Educational resources
(text, images, simulations, multimedia, textbooks)
• Accessible by anyone (usually via internet)
• Free
• Can be modified & adapted

Image from Copyright in Education & Internet in South African Law
http://education-copyright.org/creative-commons/
Used under Creative Commons Attribution 2.5 South Africa license

“A textbook licensed under an open
copyright license, and made available online
to be freely used by students, teachers and
members of the public.
They are available as low-cost printed
versions, should students opt for these.”
BCcampus
http://open.bccampus.ca/open-textbooks/open-textbook-faq/#1

• Students spend $1200/yr on textbooks
• 4x rate of inflation over past 20 years
• 70% students have not purchased textbook
for a course because of price

What students think of textbooks
“The price of textbooks has influenced my decision to take classes. When the same class is offered by
three different instructors, I check which book is the cheapest, and even though the professor might
not be good, I’m forced to take that class because the textbook is the cheapest.”
“For my ‘Intro to Stats’ class, the usual cost of the textbook is like $120. But then I got a copy from
India for like $29. And it’s the exact same copy.”
“I was in lab one day and the guy sitting next to me had the PDF version of the book opened on his
computer. And I was like, Oh, can I have a copy? And he sent it over to me.”
“I have a friend who actually didn’t spend any money last year for books because he went to the
library at the beginning of the quarter, borrowed books, scanned everything, and had the PDF file.”
“My most expensive class was clinical psych, because she writes the textbook herself, and it has a new
edition every semester or something ridiculous. So it was like almost $200. And the thing is that you
can’t use the previous edition, because she changes it herself because she knows the textbooks sell
well. It’s like so manipulative.”
Students Get Savvier about Textbook Buying,
The Chronicle of Higher Education, January 2013
http://chronicle.com/article/Students-Get-Savvier-About/136827

Visual notes of John Yap announcement, Giulia Forsythe http://www.flickr.com/photos/gforsythe/8094691691/
Used under Creative Commons attribution share-alike license
Goal: 40 free and open
textbooks available for
the highest enrolled 1st &
2nd year post-secondary
subjects in BC.

Source: OpenStax College http://openstaxcollege.org/
June 2012
160 school adoptions
$2.3 million savings

Utah Open Textbook Project
1 year pilot
10 high school science teachers adapt CK12
textbooks
2000 students
Cost US $4.99/book printed & delivered (US $80)
Result: 5.9% gain in standardized test scores

Internet Map World City to City connections by Chris Harrison

Working on the open web
• Real. Authentic. It Matters.
• Make connections possible
• Larger community
• Experts in field

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Murder_Madness_and_Mayhem

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mario_Vargas_Llosa

“Jonathan Worth's classes live on blogs and on
Twitter (hashtag #phonar), and are proving a
popular resource amongst photography
enthusiasts and professionals alike.”
“Worth can see comments from students both
in the room and online via Twitter or Facebook
in real time, as well as allowing others to drop
in, or suggest links to relevant material. It's a
fluid learning experience”
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/in-pictures-20495489

“Through my work with #phonar I have learnt the world is filled with
lots of different people and we all think and learn differently. “
“The skills I have learned and developed from the open classes have
given me the confidence in my work to distribute it and enter it into
national and international competitions. “
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/in-pictures-20495489

Help with a Bow Drill
http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=JuFsDN8dsJU

Open Registration
+
Open Educational Resources
+
Open Learning
=

Open Registration
+
+
Open Learning
= Photo: THE MOOC! The movie by Gulia Forsythe used under CC-BY-NC license

cMOOC xMOOC
Open Access (Participation)
Instructivist
Autonomous (peer grading)
Instructor as expert (Sage on Stage)
Proprietary resources
Closed restricted platform
Learner does not have access
Open Access (Participation)
Connectivist/Social Constructivist
Learning Community
Instructor as active participant
Open platforms (the web)
Learner has access

“All content or other materials available on the
Sites, including but not limited to
code, images, text, layouts, arrangements, displays,
illustrations, audio and video clips, HTML files and
other content are the property of Coursera and/or
its affiliates or licensors and are protected by
copyright, patent and/or other proprietary
intellectual property rights under the United States
and foreign laws”
But is this open? Coursera content….
https://www.coursera.org/about/terms

But is this open? Student content….
“With respect to User Content you submit or otherwise
make available in connection with your use of the
Site, and subject to the Privacy Policy, you grant Coursera
and the Participating Institutions a fully
transferable, worldwide, perpetual, royalty-free and non-
exclusive license to
use, distribute, sublicense, reproduce, modify, adapt, pu
blicly perform and publicly display such User Content.”

“You may not take any Online Course offered by
Coursera or use any Statement of Accomplishment as
part of any tuition-based or for-credit certification or
program for any college, university, or other academic
institution without the express written permission from
Coursera. Such use of an Online Course or Statement of
Accomplishment is a violation of these Terms of Use”

Take the obsession with massive open
online courses. In what sense are they
open? Well, they are available online for
free. But to celebrate this as a triumph of
openness is premature. A more ambitious
openness agenda would not just expand
access to courses but also give users the
ability to reuse, remix and repurpose their
content. I could take somebody’s lecture
notes, add a few paragraphs and
distribute them further as part of my own
course. This is not what most MOOCs
currently offer: their terms of use often
ban such repurposing.
Evgeny Morozov March, 2013, New York Times

Thank YouSlides at Clintlalonde.net
Released under Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license

Into the Great Wide Open

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