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To what extent is hamlet an Aristotelian tragedy
To What Extent is Hamlet an
   Aristotelian Tragedy?




           http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8UEQRNNNxD0
“ Tragedy, is an imitation of
 an action that is serious,
 complete, and of a certain
 magnitude. ” C. 335 B.C.E.

1.   Plot
2.   Character
3.   Thought
4.   Diction
5.   Song
6.   Spectacle.
TRAGEDY

 PLOT       CHARACTER   THOUGHT




DICTION       SONG      SPECTACLE
PLOT
ARISTOTLE’S
DEFINITION        HAMLET              SCENE




         FOR &             DECISION
        AGAINST
ARISTOTLE: PLOT
 First principle - an “Arrangement of incidents” all related.


            • Cause and effect chain           Complete
Beginning   • Incentive moment

            • Climax
 Middle     • Triggered by earlier incidents   Magnitude

            • Caused by earlier incidents
  End       • Resolution                       Simple or
                                                complex
HAMLET: PLOT
              Main Plot - Revenge.
Sub Plots:
•   Madness
•   Gertrude & Claudius
•   Hamlet & Ophelia
•   Hamlet & Gertrude.



                          • Fortinbras’ Revenge.
HAMLET SCENE I: ACT V

Hamlet meets with the Ghost of
his Father alone.

The Ghost tells Hamlet how he
died, and what he must do.
THE ARGUMENTS:
For:               Against:
• Beginning
• Middle
• End
• Complete
• Magnitude
• Complex.
THE DECISION
CHARACTER
ARISTOTLE’S
DEFINITION
                  HAMLET          SCENE




         FOR &
                           DECISION
        AGAINST
ARISTOTLE: CHARACTER

 Personal        Cause &       Pity or
Motivation        Effect        Fear



Protagonist     Renowned      Change of
- Believable   & Prosperous    Fortune



                Frailty or    Pity 0r
  Change          Error        Fear
HAMLET: CHARACTER
        • Love & loyalty
        • Anger
        • True to his Word
        • Ability for Revenge
        • Prince
        • Educated
        • Philosopher
        • Conscience = delay.
HAMLET: ACT I: SCENE V

Soliloquy: Swears to dedicate

himself to avenge his

Father’s death.
THE ARGUEMENT
 FOR:                      AGAINST:
• Personal Motivation     • Pity is subjective

• Cause and effect        • Fear – probably not.
• Renowned & Prosperous

• Change of Fortune

• Frailty or Error.
THE DECISION
THOUGHT
ARISTOTLE’S
              HAMLET
DEFINITION




  SCENE       DECISION
ARISTOTLE: THOUGHT
• “Third in order is Thought -
  that is, the faculty of saying
  what is possible and pertinent
  in given circumstances.”
•   “Thought…………………. is found
    where something is proved to
    be or not to be, or a general
    maxim is enunciated.”
HAMLET: THOUGHT
                          “Oh that this too solid flesh
                                will melt” (1:2)
              CLAUDIUS
                         “Oh all you host of heaven!   Oh
                 1               earth! ” (1:5)

                            “Oh! What a rogue and
                           peasant slave am I” (2:2)
  HAMLET      HAMLET
                7          “To be or not to be” (3:1)
SOLILOQUIES
                          “Tis now the very witching
                              time of night” (3:2)

                         “Now might I do it pat” (3:3)
               OPHILIA
                  1      “How all occasions do inform
                              against me” (4.4)
HAMLET ACT III : SCENE I




Hamlet contemplates life
and death……………..

                http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-JD6gOrARk4
THE DECISION
DICTION
ARISTOTLE’S
DEFINITION
              HAMLET




                THE
  SCENE       DECISION
ARISTOLTLE: DICTION

• “Every word is either current, or strange,
  or metaphorical, or ornamental, or newly-
  coined, or lengthened, or contracted, or
  altered.”

• Metaphor : “For the essence of a riddle is
  to express true facts under impossible
  combinations ……. Such is the riddle..…..”
HAMLET: DICTION
• Claudius – politician “We doubt it nothing: heartily
  farewell”

• Ophelia – obedient “I shall obey my lord”

• Gertrude - loving: “Let not thy mother lose her
  prayers, Hamlet. I pray thee, stay with us”
• Osric - kowtowing: “ Sweet lord, if your lordship
  were at leisure, I would impart a thing to you from
  his majesty”
• Hamlet- madness and sanity appropriate.
SCENE
Act V Scene I:
The Grave Yard
Scene….
             http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W_GqWC_uIfs
THE DECISION
SONG
ARISTOLOTE’S
 DEFINITION               HAMLET




                 THE
               DECISION
ARISTOTLE: SONG
                 EPISODE
                             PARODE

               CHORIC SONG   STASIMON
QUANTITATIVE
   PARTS
                             COMMOI
                PROLOGUE

                 EXODE
HAMLET: SONG
• No Chorus

• Of its time?

• Action on stage.

• Aristotle : “Peculiar to some are songs of
  actors from the stage and the Commoi”.
THE DECISION
SPECTACLE
ARISTOTLE   HAMLET




              THE
  SCENE
            DECISION
ARISTOTLE: SPECTACLE

• “The Spectacle has, indeed, an
  emotional attraction of its own,
  but, of all the parts, it is the least
  artistic”

• “The production of spectacular
  effects depends more on the art of
  the stage machinist than on that of
  the poet.”
SPECTACLE: HAMLET
        • The Ghost’s appearances
        • Reprimanding of his Mother
        • Killing of Polonius
        • The play within a play
        • Contemplation of death
        • Ophelia's madness
        • Grave yard and skull
        • Poisoning of Gertrude
        • Poisoning of Claudius
        • Death of Hamlet.
SCENE
Act III Scene IV:
The Closet
Scene…..
THE DECISION
SO, IS HAMLET AN
ARISTOTELIAN TRAGEDY?
      • Shakespeare – versed in history

      • Inspired by ancient mythology

      • Pity & Fear - questionable

      • Song - questionable

      • Comic elements

      • Ultimately a tragedy of it’s time.
FINAL THOUGHT

Shakespeare borrowed from many.
Today many borrow from him.


The Circle of Life so to speak…..

                http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PZwdByyMujY

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To what extent is hamlet an Aristotelian tragedy

  • 2. To What Extent is Hamlet an Aristotelian Tragedy? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8UEQRNNNxD0
  • 3. “ Tragedy, is an imitation of an action that is serious, complete, and of a certain magnitude. ” C. 335 B.C.E. 1. Plot 2. Character 3. Thought 4. Diction 5. Song 6. Spectacle.
  • 4. TRAGEDY PLOT CHARACTER THOUGHT DICTION SONG SPECTACLE
  • 5. PLOT ARISTOTLE’S DEFINITION HAMLET SCENE FOR & DECISION AGAINST
  • 6. ARISTOTLE: PLOT First principle - an “Arrangement of incidents” all related. • Cause and effect chain Complete Beginning • Incentive moment • Climax Middle • Triggered by earlier incidents Magnitude • Caused by earlier incidents End • Resolution Simple or complex
  • 7. HAMLET: PLOT Main Plot - Revenge. Sub Plots: • Madness • Gertrude & Claudius • Hamlet & Ophelia • Hamlet & Gertrude. • Fortinbras’ Revenge.
  • 8. HAMLET SCENE I: ACT V Hamlet meets with the Ghost of his Father alone. The Ghost tells Hamlet how he died, and what he must do.
  • 9. THE ARGUMENTS: For: Against: • Beginning • Middle • End • Complete • Magnitude • Complex.
  • 11. CHARACTER ARISTOTLE’S DEFINITION HAMLET SCENE FOR & DECISION AGAINST
  • 12. ARISTOTLE: CHARACTER Personal Cause & Pity or Motivation Effect Fear Protagonist Renowned Change of - Believable & Prosperous Fortune Frailty or Pity 0r Change Error Fear
  • 13. HAMLET: CHARACTER • Love & loyalty • Anger • True to his Word • Ability for Revenge • Prince • Educated • Philosopher • Conscience = delay.
  • 14. HAMLET: ACT I: SCENE V Soliloquy: Swears to dedicate himself to avenge his Father’s death.
  • 15. THE ARGUEMENT FOR: AGAINST: • Personal Motivation • Pity is subjective • Cause and effect • Fear – probably not. • Renowned & Prosperous • Change of Fortune • Frailty or Error.
  • 17. THOUGHT ARISTOTLE’S HAMLET DEFINITION SCENE DECISION
  • 18. ARISTOTLE: THOUGHT • “Third in order is Thought - that is, the faculty of saying what is possible and pertinent in given circumstances.” • “Thought…………………. is found where something is proved to be or not to be, or a general maxim is enunciated.”
  • 19. HAMLET: THOUGHT “Oh that this too solid flesh will melt” (1:2) CLAUDIUS “Oh all you host of heaven! Oh 1 earth! ” (1:5) “Oh! What a rogue and peasant slave am I” (2:2) HAMLET HAMLET 7 “To be or not to be” (3:1) SOLILOQUIES “Tis now the very witching time of night” (3:2) “Now might I do it pat” (3:3) OPHILIA 1 “How all occasions do inform against me” (4.4)
  • 20. HAMLET ACT III : SCENE I Hamlet contemplates life and death…………….. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-JD6gOrARk4
  • 22. DICTION ARISTOTLE’S DEFINITION HAMLET THE SCENE DECISION
  • 23. ARISTOLTLE: DICTION • “Every word is either current, or strange, or metaphorical, or ornamental, or newly- coined, or lengthened, or contracted, or altered.” • Metaphor : “For the essence of a riddle is to express true facts under impossible combinations ……. Such is the riddle..…..”
  • 24. HAMLET: DICTION • Claudius – politician “We doubt it nothing: heartily farewell” • Ophelia – obedient “I shall obey my lord” • Gertrude - loving: “Let not thy mother lose her prayers, Hamlet. I pray thee, stay with us” • Osric - kowtowing: “ Sweet lord, if your lordship were at leisure, I would impart a thing to you from his majesty” • Hamlet- madness and sanity appropriate.
  • 25. SCENE Act V Scene I: The Grave Yard Scene…. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W_GqWC_uIfs
  • 27. SONG ARISTOLOTE’S DEFINITION HAMLET THE DECISION
  • 28. ARISTOTLE: SONG EPISODE PARODE CHORIC SONG STASIMON QUANTITATIVE PARTS COMMOI PROLOGUE EXODE
  • 29. HAMLET: SONG • No Chorus • Of its time? • Action on stage. • Aristotle : “Peculiar to some are songs of actors from the stage and the Commoi”.
  • 31. SPECTACLE ARISTOTLE HAMLET THE SCENE DECISION
  • 32. ARISTOTLE: SPECTACLE • “The Spectacle has, indeed, an emotional attraction of its own, but, of all the parts, it is the least artistic” • “The production of spectacular effects depends more on the art of the stage machinist than on that of the poet.”
  • 33. SPECTACLE: HAMLET • The Ghost’s appearances • Reprimanding of his Mother • Killing of Polonius • The play within a play • Contemplation of death • Ophelia's madness • Grave yard and skull • Poisoning of Gertrude • Poisoning of Claudius • Death of Hamlet.
  • 34. SCENE Act III Scene IV: The Closet Scene…..
  • 36. SO, IS HAMLET AN ARISTOTELIAN TRAGEDY? • Shakespeare – versed in history • Inspired by ancient mythology • Pity & Fear - questionable • Song - questionable • Comic elements • Ultimately a tragedy of it’s time.
  • 37. FINAL THOUGHT Shakespeare borrowed from many. Today many borrow from him. The Circle of Life so to speak….. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PZwdByyMujY

Notas do Editor

  1. We’re going to focus on tragedy I am [NAME NUMBER].
  2. Today we will explore to what extent does Hamlet fit Aristotle's description OSRIC HAND OUT. Steps plays. stop
  3. Bomb take you back in time Tragedy as described by Aristotle in Poetics Date: mention he thought Oedipus was perfect tragedy
  4. Choose one – keep on toes. When all done click arrow to final section this is done by last person clicking.
  5. The most important, Closer look at plot and see how it relates to hamlet
  6. Expand what's on this slide
  7. Main plot revenge of ghosts info – kill Claudius, Madness – pretends to go mad to get truth = complexity, Claudius and Gertrude historical context Ophelia actually goes mad due to rejection and Father’s death, Gertrude infatuated with Claudius, loves her son- closet scene relationship changes. Fortinbras of Norway’s Father had been killed by old King Hamlet- seeks revenge for his father’s death – invades Poland- but promises to leave Denmark alone – ends up getting crown of Denmark. His revenge is final and complete.
  8. GHOST TELLS STORY. Ben and Mike
  9. Beginning – cause and effect- Middle = queen on side, claudius atones, decides to kill Hamlet, End- they all die.. Magnitude – UNIVERSAL THEMES – APPLY TO ALL DEATH –LIFE’ SUICIDE big deal killing royalty. Complete – nothing left untied Complex- many plots and motifs – ears, spying
  10. Our decision based on argument of previous slide
  11. Second importance support plot
  12. First four are grouped as to how it pushes plot. Last are his circumstances
  13. Character soft – to anger– love of Father- do the right thing, released from purgatory – avenge his death – ALL HIS ENERGY ON REVENGE. Ben’s scene
  14. Motivation- revenge. Cause and effect Father’s death. Renowned and prosperous –prince, well loved ( Claudius feared), uni at Wittenberg, Change of fortune – lost father, lost crown, mother under spell, sent to England to death. Frailty – conscious – delay killing Claudius, killing Polonius ( sent to England)n Pity of fear personally yes – how played – fear again would the audience then have more fear? Also Aristotle said pity OR fear.
  15. The last 4 are the least important according to Aristotle.
  16. Although characters show much thought, the ones easily identifiable are the soliloquies
  17. Hamlet gives thought to life, and contemplates death. You tube link
  18. Hedging his bets. Current = in use. Strange = foreign (so can be both) newly coined = author made up. Metaphor most important
  19. Claudius to Voltemond and Cornelius. Ophelia – subservient to her father
  20. To 1.31. Note the use of language compared to Claudius which we viewed with Rebecca. The way the grave digger muddles his words in an attempt to sound intelligent –newly coining words which he has heard
  21. These are common to all plays: peculiar to some are the songs of actors from the stage and the Commoi ( actors and chorus).
  22. Ophelia sings, The Clown sings.
  23. I find this quite ironic – least artistic – as Oedipus was quite a spectacle. And todays audiences love this part.
  24. Dependant on how played, but of its time what tackled spectacle.
  25. Mike and Tanya
  26. Ben Yes, we think Aristotle would have approved.
  27. Ben