Presentation of the CIRAM 's service for scientific analyse on historical material. Further imformtion on www.ciram-art.com

1. CHARACTERIZATION
PRESERVATION
EXPERTISE
Cultural heritage
Historic monuments
CIRAM
Analysis
september 2007

3. CIRAM
When science meets Art and Heritage
CIRAM, Innovation and Research Center for Analysis and Marking,
offers you its scientific and technical skills in numerous analytical areas.
Characterization of the X-Ray radiography and Safe marking
materials imaging in situ
CIRAM offers you a real scientific accompaniment.
More than an ordinary service provider,
CIRAM promises to be a quality partner and an experienced adviser.
The CIRAM quality charter includes:
The immediate taking in charge of your request,
The proposition of an analysis in adequacy to the problematics posed,
A rigorous and carefully thought out analytical reasoning, based,
particularly, on a detailed knowledge of the methods used, of the optimum
implementation conditions, of the limits,
An adapted technology, ensuring a result scientifically rigorous,
A critical synthesis of the data obtained,
Study delays reduced.
.
We have the means and the will to be a real scientific partner,
attentive to your problematics.
We accompany you in all the steps of the analytic process,
from the sampling to the interpretation of the results.
1

4. CIRAM
Characterization of the materials
The aim of these studies is to identify the composition and the deterioration of the materials, to reveal
previous modification steps and to propose a technical assistance to their restoration.
CIRAM’s skills cover a wide spectra of mineral,
metallic, organic materials analysis techniques.
The analysis
Painting Stratigraphical study, characterization of the supports, of the
painting grounds, of the colouring materials, of the minerals
and of the binders. Preservation level, pentiments, underlying
drawings.
The means
Optical microscopy and SEM-EDX (energy dispersion X-Ray),
PIXE, Raman Spectrometry, FTIR Spectrometry,
Chromatography, Micro chemical tests, Ultra Violet and
Infrared spectra imaging and HD digital X-Ray radiography
fully transportable.
Stone
The analysis
Mineralogical study, characterization of the deteriorations and of the
previous treatments, microbiological study.
The means
Optical microscopy and SEM-EDX, Raman spectrometry, X-Rays
diffraction, Soluble salts, DNA sequencing.
Metal
The analysis
Composition of the alloys and identification of the corrosion
processes, development and localisation of the
deteriorations.
The means
Metallographic microscopy and SEM-EDX, PIXE, HD digital
X-Ray radiography fully transportable.
Glass, enamel and
The analysis earthenware
Elementary composition of the vitreous matrix, of the colourings
and of the deterioration products. Preservation level.
The means
Optical microscopy and SEM-EDX, PIXE, Raman Spectrometry,
HD digital X-Ray radiography fully transportable.
CIRAM is the only private laboratory proposing a studies panel so wide (PIXE in extracted bundle
for example), to answer as well as possible to the diversity of your problematics.
Most part of our studies are realised in two weeks.
2

5. CIRAM
Studies examples
The pigments and the minerals
a/ b/
1645
52000
c/ 48000
548
44000
Study of a wall painting by optical 40000
1356
1096
36000
microscopy (a/), SEM (b/) and EDX 32000
analysis (c/). The blue microparticles 28000
Counts
correspond to vitreous phases of 24000
806
smalt kind (crushed glass coloured in 20000
586
16000
blue by the cobalt) associated to
258
12000
289
microparticles of white lead. 8000
4000
0
1700 1600 1500 1400 1300 1200 1100 1000 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100
Wavenumber (cm-1)
Stratigraphy of a wall painting and
characterization of an ultramarine blue
pigment by Raman spectrometry.
The organic binders
Stratigraphic view of
Intensité (u.a.)
chemical test with quot;bleu de FTIR spectra of an quot;animal
Nilquot;. This product indicates gluequot; protein binder .
lipid binder when Analysis find a skin rabbit
the layer is blue. glue.
400 900 1400 1900 2400 2900 3400 3900
nombre d'onde (cm-1)
Others examples
a/ b/
The electron and optical microscopies (SEM) permit
to study a big number of different materials. Textiles
(a/), metal (b/), ceramic, rocks, mortars…
Some prices
Complete statigraphic study (optical microscopy + SEM): 500 € HT by sampling
Analysis of the binder: 200 € HT to 360 € HT by sampling
3

6. CIRAM
HD digital X-Ray radiography fully transportable
CIRAM owns a last generation equipment, composed of a high-powered generator and
a digital HD acquisition system fully transportable, which allows in situ intervention and getting X-
ray images in real time.
These characteristics permit to bring immediate and pertinent answers to the questions posed.
Digital X-Ray radiography We can realise negatives of X-Ray
equipment used in situ, for radiography on:
example, to identify metallic
archaeological vestiges and to
Paintings
observe their preservation level.
restoration, surpaint, pentiment…
Terra cota
Filling-up, reconstruction, putting up…
Metal
Making techniques, corrosion…
Digital plate of
acquisition of the Wood, bone, ivory
radiography identification, crack, restoration,…
Impetus X-
Rays Stone
generator restoration, crack, putting up…
(270 KV)
Arms
observation of the mechanisms…
and more generally on any kind of
Computer system of control and materials, the only limit of
acquisition of the radiographies intervention being linked to the
density and the thickness to go
through.
Radiographical studies in real time in situ
The instant X-rays analysis offers the possibility of adapting to real-time analytical procedure. It also permits to
acquire the most relevant images with the most appropriate experimental parameters.
Our material is easily transportable, so we can intervene wherever you need.
This quick analysis capacity is an important asset, because it provides an immediate reaction
between the reading of the X-ray negatives and the questions raised by the comments.
It allows an optimal interaction with the person who can guide the study at its discretion.
4

7. CIRAM
Few examples
X-Ray radiography image of the opening
mechanism of a barrel of iron sealed
X-Ray radiography and normal images of the right leg of a sketch
in plaster of Auguste Rodin. The X-ray reveals a metal frame with vertical
pipe through the heel and back in the leg.
X-Ray radiography and normal images of a 20th century painting. We can
see a painting underlying totally different which includes, in particular, a
cow in the lower right.
(arrows indicate the direction)
Intervention on quote
From 350 € HT in our offices and from 700 € HT in situ
Tapering charges according to the dimensions and/or to the number of objects
5

8. CIRAM
Digital and fully transportable imaging
To complete the X-Ray radiography, CIRAM proposes also a wide spectra of digital imaging in situ,
including:
Image in raking light
Image in ultra violet fluorescence (UV)
Infrared Reflectography (IR)
Thus, the analysis methodology developed by CIRAM is in keeping with a complete process
that permits to characterize pictorial works of art in the most pertinent way.
Infrared reflectography.
Oil painting - detail, 17th century © CIRAM – 2007
Natural light Raking light Ultra Violet Fluorescence
Oil painting - detail, 17th century – © Fine arts museum, Pau – 2007
An integrated methodology
Our works are the object of a critical synthesis report gathering the whole photographic
documentation and the results of complementary analysis.
Associated to our methods of digital imaging, we propose also a complete range of characterization
(PIXE, Raman…) and of dating (Radiocarbon14, dendrochronology…) of the materials.
All our imaging techniques are implemented in situ.
Intervention on quote
6

9. CIRAM
Safe marking CIRAM Track
Why marking works of art?
quot;We can consider that only 2 to 5 % of the 7000 objects stolen each year are returned to their owner, for
lack of proof.quot;
Source : Assemblée Nationale, Rapport N°3533, Pierre Lequiller, 16 janvier 2002
The two main causes are the lack of information (precise description of the good) and the absence of act
of property.
In this context, the « trace-marking » of a work of art constitutes a real protection. Thus, by ensuring the
traceability of an objet, CIRAM TRACK® permits its durable identification, easily assimilated to an act of
property, increases your heritage security, is dissuasive against the falsification and facilitates the
restitution in case of loss or robbery.
How does CIRAM Track® work?
5 levels of « trace-marking » possible 5 essential criteria
a labelling visible and coded, dissuasive and easy to Unfalsifiable to avoid the copy
detect
The code contains information relative to the work of art marked
Inalterable to ensure the durability in
an ink invisible with the eyes the time
only visible with a suitable lighting
a marking with physicochemical properties Single to ensure the restitution
deposited in the mass and whose second reading requires in situ use of a
portable equipment
Visible to be dissuasive
an electronic element established in the mass
associated to a single identification number detectable by a specific
equipment Invisible to securitize discretly
a magnetic element established in the mass
with single characteristics, measurable by a suitable equipment
Low-level
security Maximum
security
1 2 3 4 5
Number of elements used for marking
To complete physical marking, each file associated to the object contains:
A card of police force recognized by the services of police force, French gendarmerie and
customs with format “Interpol”,
A certificate of marking, characteristic of the elements used and allowing the localization of their
establishment.
This documentation permits an autonomy of the « trace-marking » facing CIRAM.
®
Safe marking CIRAM Track
From 50 € T.T.C
7

10. CIRAM
A network of skills
CIRAM team is a privileged contact, ready and responsive, able to answer most of your analysis and
dating problematics.
In that aim, we have developed partnerships with recognized specialists to put in place an efficient
network of skills , in various study domains :
The dating of wood by dendrochronology,
The study of wood species,
The textiles analysis,
The geophysical prospecting,
…
CIRAM’s will is to propose a wide range of quality analytical services, in optimized
delays.
An innovating reasoning
In addition, CIRAM develops research and development programs for the protection and the analysis in
situ on works of art and archaeological artefacts.
Effects of these research, two services particularly innovating are now proposed by our laboratory:
Safe marking of works of art and heritage objects (CIRAM Track®),
The dating of heated up minerals and of sediments exposed to the light by luminescence
optically stimulated: OSL system transportable (currently developing).
Nos partenaires dans l’innovation
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11. CIRAM
Few references
Atelier Marc Philippe, Fondettes
Tribunal, Assize court - Toulouse (31), Decor of fake
woods
Notre Dame des Missions Church– Epinay sur Seine
(93), Front of 1931
Saint Gilles Church, Pligeaux (22), Polychromies on
woods
Atelier Jacqueline Laroche, Lesparre-Médoc
Chapel of the lighthouse of Cordouan (33), wall
th th
paintings of the XVII - XIX centuries.
Saint-Michel de Rieufret Church (33), wall painting of
th
the XVII century
Technical assistance to the restoration of Immeuble des Dames de la Foi, Périgueux (24), wall
th
sculptures, mural or easel paintings… painting of the XIV century
Musée du Louvre, Département Art Islamique Atelier régional de restauration de
Characterisation of adhesive for the fixing of ceramic Kerguehennec, Bignan
tiles Recumbent statue of Gilles de Bretagne in Saint
Brieuc (22)
Musée Rodin Saint Jacques de Douarnenez Church (29),
Study by X-Ray radiography of plaster sketches by Polychromy of the vault of the Choir
Rodin. Saint Patern church of Vannes (56), altarpieces of the
th
XVIII century
Musée du Petit Palais
Study by X-Ray radiography, TL and SEM of a terra Atelier Chevalier Conservation, Paris
cota sculpture
Study of glue on carpet and tapestry
Musée Historique de la ville de Strasbourg Study of a sampling of textile coming from a canvas,
to determine the nature of the fibres
Study by X-Ray radiography of the relief map of the city
of Strasbourg (circa 1727)
Emmanuelle Cadet, Restauratrice, Saint Ouen
Study by X-Ray radiography of a barrel of iron sealed:
Hôtel de Sully – Paris (75), Mural paintings
underlining of the opening mechanism
Conseil Général de la Dordogne, Conservation
Musée Arthur Rimbaud, Charleville Mézières
du Patrimoine
Characterisation of the organic residues of glass bottles
having belonged to Arthur Rimbaud Bourdeilles castle(24), bases of altarpieces presumed
th
of the XIV century
Musée des Beaux Arts de Pau
Amélie Methivier, Restauratrice, Paris
Study by X-Ray radiography, Ultra Violet and raking
Musée des Beaux Arts de Dijon (21), Polychromy of a
light of an oil painting attributed to Simone Cantarini ème
(XVIIth century) Madonna and child, XIV siècle
Éditions Louis Faton et Dominique Alsina, expert Michel Prieur, Restaurateur, Tours
Analysis of eleven easel paintings of Louise Moillon, Wall paintings of altarpieces of a church in Vendée
th
XVII century
Julien Assoun, Restaurateur, Paris
Direction Régionale des Affaires Maritimes Study of the soluble salts and of coatings of the Saint-
d'Aquitaine Georges Church, Paris
Hôtel de la Marine - Bordeaux (33), Polychromies on
wood Atelier In Extenso, Mr Diaz Padregal, Paris
Ternand Church (69), Toxicological study of the
Atelier Brice Moulinier, Blois structures of the crypt.
Abbey of Saint-Savin sur Gartempe (86), mural
th th
paintings of the XI – XIII centuries and restoration of Atelier Le Goël, Le Bieuzy
th
the XIX century
Research of fungus developments on a vault wood-
st th
Blois castle, François I area (41), Mural paintings of paneled of the XVIII century, Locquirec Church(29)
th
Félix Duban, XIX century
9

12. CIRAM
Dating problematics and archaeological materials
INRAP Grand Sud-Ouest, Grand-Ouest
Conseil Général du Finistère, Service
départemental d'Archéologie
Conseil Général de Charente-Maritime, Service
départemental d'Archéologie
Service Archéologique municipal de la ville de
Marseille
Maison René Ginouvès, CNRS - UMR 8096
quot;Archéologie des Amériquesquot;, Nanterre
Scientific expertise of the works of art
Pharaonic Egypt, Classical Antiquity, Chinese dynasties,
Cultures of South-East Asia, African civilisations,
Medieval Islam, Europeans Haut Moyen Age and
Renaissance, …
Our scientific publications
Characterisation problematics BOBIN O., SCHVOERER M., NEY C., RAMMAH M.,
PANNEQUIN B., CILIA PLATAMONE E., DAOULATLI A.,
2007 BOBIN O., MOULINIER B., quot;Etude et analyse de GAYRAUD R.P., “The role of copper and silver in the
ème ème
peintures murales des XI - XIII siècles et colouration of metallic lustre decoration (Tunisia –
ème
repeints du XIX siècle, Abbaye de Saint-Savin 9th century, Mesopotamia – 10th century, Sicily –
sur Gartempe (86).quot;, Cahiers techniques de 16th century). A first approach“, Color Research
l’ARAAFU, sous presse. and Application, 28, 5, 352-359.
2005 BOBIN O., SCHVOERER M., CHABANNE D., NEY C., 2001 BOBIN O., Céramique glaçurée archéologique à
ème
SELLIER E., “Mise en évidence de la nanotexture décor de lustre métallique – IX siècle après J.C.,
des constituants de décors de lustre métallique sur Mosquée Sidi Oqba de Kairouan – Tunisie.
des céramiques glaçurées de l'espace Caractérisation, provenance et archéotechnologies.
méditerranéen“, Actes de la table ronde quot;Glaçures Thèse de doctorat en Physique des
et lustre métalliquequot;, CUEBC, CNRS, Université Archéomatériaux, Université Bordeaux 3.
Bordeaux 3, Ravello 11-12 octobre 1998, 31-38.
BOBIN O., SCHVOERER M., MIANE J.L., FABRE J.F.,
BOBIN O., SCHVOERER M., CHABANNE D., NEY C., GUETTE A., LABRUGERE C., LAHAYE M., “The
LABRUGERE C., LAHAYE M., GUETTE A., “Localisation metallic lustre of glazed ceramics: interpretation of
et distribution par spectrométrie Auger des the in-scattered-light optical properties. One
th
constituants colloïdaux des décors de lustre theoretical approach“, Proceeding of the 6
métallique de céramiques glaçurées“, Actes de la European Meeting on Ancient ceramics, Fribourg 3-
table ronde quot;Glaçures et lustre métalliquequot;, CUEBC, 6 October 2001, 19-24.
CNRS, Université Bordeaux 3, Ravello 11-12
octobre 1998, 39-45. 1999 BOBIN O., SCHVOERER M., CHABANNE D., NEY C.,
CILIA PLATAMONE E., “Données physiques pour une
2003 BOBIN O., SCHVOERER M., NEY C., RAMMAH M., nouvelle définition du décor de lustre métallique à
DAOULATLI A., PANNEQUIN B., GAYRAUD R.P., partir de céramiques glaçurées mises au jour à
“Where did the lustre tiles of Sidi Oqba mosque Syracuse“, Actes du Colloques International quot;De la
(836-863 AD) of Kairouan come from?“, céramique à l'Histoirequot;, Perpignan 23-25 novembre
Archaeometry, 45,4, 569-577. 1999, sous presse.
BOBIN O., SCHVOERER M., MIANE J.L., FABRE J.F.,
“Coloured metallic shine associated to lustre
decoration of the glazed ceramics: a theoretical
analysis of the optical properties“, Journal of Non-
Crystalline Solids, 332, 28-34.
10

13. Dating problematics
2007 ROQUE C., VARTANIAN E., quot;Chronologie des cultures GUIBERT P., VARTANIAN E., ROQUE C., SCHVOERER
amérindiennes de Guyane. Contribution de la M., BECHTEL F., quot;Luminescence dating of burnt
datation par thermoluminescence : une mise en garde materials: effects of preheat treatment on OSL and
contre des pratiques abusives.quot; A paraître. consequences for dating procedures.quot; Radiation
Measurements, 33, 4, 439-444.
2004 ROQUE C., GUIBERT P., VARTANIAN E., VIEILLEVIGNE
E., BECHTEL F., “Changes in luminescence properties VARTANIAN E., ROQUE C., GUIBERT P., BECHTEL F.,
induced by thermal treatments; a case study at Sipán quot;Datation de structures de fours néolithiques du tell
and Trujillo Moche sites (Peru).quot; Radiation de Dikili Tash (Grèce) : comparaison TL – OSL.
Measurements, 38, 119-126. Apport de l'OSL pour les matériaux
chauffés ?quot; Datation, Actes des XXI° Rencontres
ROQUE C., GUIBERT P., DUTTINE M., VARTANIAN E., Internationales d'Archéologie et d'Histoire d'Antibes,
CHAPOULIE R., BECHTEL F., quot;Dependence of 19-21 Oct. 2000, éd. APDCA, 233-248.
luminescence characteristics of irradiated quartz with
the thermal treatment and consequences for TL- VARTANIAN E., GUIBERT P., BECHTEL F., SCHVOERER
datingquot;. Geochronometria, in Journal on Methods and M., ALBORE-LIVADIE C., quot;Contribution de la
Applications of Absolute Chronology, 23, 1-8. thermoluminescence à la chronologie de la culture
du Gaudo : datation de céramiques du site de la
GUIBERT P., ROQUE C., VARTANIAN E., BECHTEL F., Trinita, Piano di Sorrento, Italiequot;, L’Anthropologie,
SCHVOERER M., quot;Datation par luminescence : une 421-434.
évaluation de la représentativité des résultats de
datation et de leurs incertitudes.quot; Les Hominidés 2000 GUIBERT P., ROQUE C., quot;La datation par
et leurs environnements – Histoire et Interactions, Thermoluminescencequot;. Archéométrie, Dossier
Colloque de Poitiers, 18-20 septembre 2000, sous d'Archéologie, 253, 16-23.
presse. VARTANIAN E., GUIBERT P., ROQUE C., BECHTEL F.,
2002 ROQUE C., VARTANIAN E., GUIBERT P., SCHVOERER SCHVOERER M., quot;Changes in OSL properties of
M., LEVINE D., ALVA W., JUNGNER H., quot;Recherche quartz by preheating: an interpretation.quot; Radiation
chronologique sur la culture Mochica du Pérou : Measurements, 32, 647-652.
datation de la tombe du Prêtre de Sipán par 1999 VARTANIAN E., Datation des archéomatériaux par
thermoluminescence (TL) et par radiocarbone.quot; luminescence stimulée thermiquement et
Journal de la Société des Américanistes, 88, 227- optiquement : TL et OSL de silicates ou de
243. carbonates. Thèse de doctorat en Physique des
ROQUE C., GUIBERT P., VARTANIAN E., BECHTEL F., Archéomatériaux, Université Bordeaux 3.
TREUIL R., DARCQUE P., KOUKOULI-CHRYSSANTHAKI VARTANIAN E., GUIBERT P., NEY C., BECHTEL F.,
H., MALAMIDOU D., quot;The chronology of the neolithic SCHVOERER M., GUILAINE J., CREMONESI G.,
sequence at Dikili Tash, Macedonia, Greece: TL- quot;Chronologie de la néolithisation en Italie du sud-
dating of domestic ovens.quot; Archaeometry, 44, 4, 625- est. Nouvelles datations grâce à la
645. thermoluminescence (TL) sur le site de Matera-
2001 ROQUE C., Datation en Archéologie. Des recherches Trasano.quot;, L'Anthropologie, 103, 2, 289-305.
méthodologiques en TL et en OSL… aux référentiels 1997 BECHTEL F., GUIBERT P., SCHVOERER M.,
chronologiques du Solutréen (France), du Néolithique VARTANIAN E., FAÏN J., MIALLIER D., MONTRET M.,
(Grèce) et de la culture préhispanique Moche PILLEYRE Th., SANZELLE S., BAHAIN J.J., FALGUERES
(Pérou). Thèse de doctorat en Physique des C., TRIPIER J., POUPEAU G., MERCIER N. et
Archéomatériaux, Université Bordeaux 3. VALLADAS H., quot;Evaluation de l'incertitude de mesure
ROQUE C., GUIBERT P., VARTANIAN E., BECHTEL F., de la dose annuelle en datation par luminescence
Schvoerer M., quot;Thermoluminescence-dating of (TL, OSL) et par RPE : une expérience
calcite: study of heated limestone fragments from d'intercomparaison à la Grotte XVI, Cénac et Saint-
Upper Paleolithic layers at Combe-Saunière, Julien, Dordognequot;, Revue d'Archéométrie, 21, 21-
Dordogne, France.quot; Quaternary Science Reviews, 20, 27.
935-938. FAÏN J., MIALLIER D., MONTRET M., PILLEYRE Th.,
ROQUE C., GUIBERT P., VARTANIAN E., BECHTEL F., SANZELLE S., SOUMANA S., BECHTEL F., GUIBERT P.,
SCHVOERER M., OBERLIN C., EVIN J., MERCIER N., SCHVOERER M., VARTANIAN E., MERCIER N.,
VALLADAS H., TEXIER J.P., RIGAUD J.Ph., DELPECH F., VALLADAS H., BAHAIN J.J., FALGUERES C., TRIPIER
CLEYET MERLE J.J., TURQ A., quot;Une expérience de J., JORON J.L., quot;Intercomparaisons dosimétriques
croisement de datations TL/C14 pour la séquence dans le cadre de la datation par TL et par RPE,
solutréenne de Laugerie-Haute, Dordogne.quot; Datation, Partie 2 : Milieux naturels témoins de la région de
Actes des XXI° Rencontres Internationales Clermont-Ferrand (Puy de Dôme), Revue
d'Archéologie et d'Histoire d'Antibes, 19-21 Oct. d'Archéométrie, 21, 29-34.
2000, éd. APDCA, 217-232.
GUIBERT P., ROQUE C., VARTANIAN E., BECHTEL F.,
quot;Datation par thermoluminescence : un aperçu sur les
matériaux et quelques progrès récents.quot; Datation,
Actes des XXI° Rencontres Internationales
d'Archéologie et d'Histoire d'Antibes, 19-21 Oct.
2000, éd. APDCA, 31-47.
11

14. Notes
12

15. CIRAM
Centre d’Innovation et de Recherche
pour l’Analyse et le Marquage
When science meets Art and Heritage ....................................................................... 1
Characterization of the materials ................................................................................ 2
HD digital X-Ray Radiography fully transportable....................................................... 4
Digital and transportable imaging ............................................................................... 6
Safe marking CIRAM Track ........................................................................................ 7
A network of skills....................................................................................................... 8
An innovating reasoning ............................................................................................. 8
Few references........................................................................................................... 9
To know more about the CIRAM services or to ask
for an appointment:
Visit our web site:
www.ciram-art.com
Contact us:
05 56 23 45 35 or 05 57 34 21 18
Send an e-mail:
contact@ciram-art.com
Fax a document :
05 56 23 45 35
Write us:
ENSCPB 16, Avenue Pey-Berland – 33600 PESSAC