4. WHEN and WHERE
Throughout history until about 10,000 BCE
South Asia, East Asia and Southwest Asia
Two men return from a hunt. The Hadza
are one of the few contemporary African
societies that live primarily by foraging.
5. SIZE AND ORGANIZATION
Small populations of 25-250
Some prosperous areas could sustain more people
large amounts of land
clan/family structure
property held in common
9. FOOD SUPPLY
insects, nuts, roots, berries,
meat, fish (fresh and dried)
Fish trapped in times of low
tide, stone traps
Harpoons and baskets, spears
Hooks made from wood, bone,
seashells and horn
Most modern day hunters and
gatherers have been pushed
onto marginalized land: dry,
cold and inhospitable
10. TOOLS AND TECHNOLOGY
Poisoned spears and axes
from wood, bone, stone,
clubs (used to hit and
throw) , sticks,
bows/arrows, poisoned
waterholes
Fire (used to make food
digestible and to drive
animals off cliffs or into
traps)
dugout canoe, sticks to
carry carcasses, sleds,
baskets
Rudimentary metal
working, stone pots,
grinders
11. SOCIAL
small populations and families
mobile
fire became symbol of community
no carbohydrates meant no cavities = healthy teeth
12.
13. WHEN
10,000BCE or 12,000 ya
domestication of plants and animals occurred
simultaneously in several parts of the world, leading
to the 1st Agricultural Revolution
Independent invention
14. WHERE
Nile River, Mesopotamia, Indus River, Yellow River
first conscious cultivation of plants may have
involved root crops and occurred in S and SE Asia
20. SIZE AND ORGANIZATION
first permanent settlements
small amounts of land
stratified classes based on job
agriculture enabled people to
settle permanently in one area
with the assurance that food
would be available in seasons to
come
23. LIFESTYLE VALUES
sedentary lifestyle emerges
This enabled animal
domestication (8000-14,000
ya)
Animals first as pets
Animals may have attached
themselves to human
settlements as scavengers or for
protection against predators
possessions begin to hold
value
24. FOOD SUPPLY
flora and fauna
meats, grains, dairy (?)
subsistence agriculture
timliness of planting and harvesting…
storage of products
food surplus/shortages
26. SOCIAL
more kids
outmigration of farmers and
absorption of foraging peoples
spread of disease
shorter lifespan due to disease,
war, childbirth and poor
sanitation
modest population growth
27.
28. WHEN and WHERE
late middle ages-1900
coincided with the industrial revolution
began in several discrete widely scattered places
Europe
34. TOOLS AND TECHNOLOGY
seed drill as alternative to
broadcasting
threshing machines
tractors replacing animal power Jethro Tull’s Seed Drill
cotton gin
fertilizer
field drainage brought new land
under production for the first
time
41. ACTIVITIES
expanded farm acerage
heightened role of technology in crop production
double cropping-S. Asia
besides cultivation (p) farmers also involve
themselves in the manufacturing and sales of their
product