Prokaryotes are classified into two domains: Bacteria and Archaea. Bacteria are identified by their shape, cell wall composition, motility, and how they obtain and use energy. They reproduce asexually through binary fission. Genes can also be transferred between bacteria through conjugation, increasing genetic diversity. Prokaryotes play crucial roles in ecosystems through nutrient cycling and symbiotic relationships, but some can also harm humans.

1. Prokaryota

2. Core Concepts
 Prokaryotes are classified into two
domains/kingdoms: Bacteria and Archaea
 Presence of peptidogycan in bacteria
 Some archaea have pseudopeptidoglycan
 Diverse cell wall, some made up of proteins called S layer

3.  Bacteria are identified by their shapes, the chemical
natures of their cell walls, the ways they move and
the ways they obtain and use energy
 Bacteria reproduce asexually by binary fission.
Through the process of conjugation, genes can move
from one cell to another, thus increasing genetic
diversity within bacterial populations

4.  Prokaryotes play a crucial role in the biosphere, such
as taking part in nutrient cycles and in symbiotic
relationships. Also, they have both harmful and
beneficial impacts on humans

5. Keywords
 Prokaryte bacteria archaea
 Peptidoglycan coccus bacillus
 Spirillum Gram-negative Gram-positive
 Flagellumautotroph heterotroph
 Phototroph chemotroph aerobe
 Facultative anaerobe obligate/strict anaerobe
 Binary fission conjugationendospore

6. Some things to remember
 Basis for split- presence/absence of peptidoglycan,
genetic differences
 Eubacteria and archaebacteria are misleading
 Archaeans are more closely related to eukaryotes
than to bacteria
 Use of domain scheme suggests that the split
between bacteria and archaea are more ancient than
the split between prokaryotes and eukaryotes

7. S layer and peptidoglycan

8. Archaea with an S layer

9. Representatives
 Bacteria-cyanobacteria
 Archaea-
methanogens,
thermophiles,
halophiles

10. Identification of bacteria
 Cell shape- coccus, bacillus, spirillum, strep/staph
 Cell wall composition- gram-negative/positive
 Motility- flagella
 Nutrition and metabolism-
 Auto/hetero
 Photo/chemo
 Aerobic/anaerobic/facultative

11. Bilog, streyt, paikot-ikot, sama samang bilog

12. Positive o negative

13. Growth and reproduction
 Binary fission- no new combination of genes
 Conjugation- increases genetic diversity
 Endospore-formation- enebles survival in harsh
conditions
 Control of bacterial growth
 Sterilization vs disinfection
 refrigeration

15. Ecology of bacteria
 Some bacteria take part in the recycling of elements
 Some bacteria form symbiotic relationships with
other organisms
 Some bacteria are pathogens
 Some bacteria play important roles in research and
technology