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Media‐Aware
Network
Elements

                     on
Legacy
Devices


                                           m16695


                Ingo
Kofler,
Robert
Kuschnig,
and
Hermann
Hellwagner

                                 Chris:an
Timmerer



                 Klagenfurt
University
(UNIKLU)

Faculty
of
Technical
Sciences
(TEWI)

          Department
of
Informa:on
Technology
(ITEC)

Mul:media
Communica:on
(MMC)

 h;p://research.@mmerer.com

h;p://blog.@mmerer.com

mailto:chris@an.@mmerer@itec.uni‐klu.ac.at



Acknowledgement:
Part
of
this
work
is
supported
by
the
European
Commission
in
the

 context
of
the
and
ENTHRONE
(contract
no.
038463)
project.
Further
informa@on
is

                      available
at
h;p://www.ist‐enthrone.org.


Outline

•  Mo@va@on
and
Introduc@on

•  List
of
Technologies


•  Architecture
and
Performance
Evalua@ons


•  Demo
Video


•  Conclusions
/
References



2009/07/01
      Chris@an
Timmerer,
Klagenfurt
University,
Austria
   2

Mo@va@on
and
Introduc@on

•  Adapta@on
of
an
SVC
bitstream

      –  Achieved
by
removing
certain
NALUs
➙
filtering
of
NALUs

      –  Steered
by
a
(TID,
DID,
QID)
tuple
➙
filter
criteria

      –  Computa@onally
cheap
(compared
to
transcoding
etc.)


•  Idea

      –  Perform
real‐@me
in‐network
adapta@on
of
the
SVC
bitstream

         on
an
ordinary,
low‐cost
WiFi
router

      –  Media‐aware
Network
Element
(MANE)


•  Applica@ons
of
in‐network
adapta@on

      –  Cross‐layer
adapta@on
on
the
access
point

      –  Adapta@on
for
different
end‐devices

2009/07/01
            Chris@an
Timmerer,
Klagenfurt
University,
Austria
   3

Media‐aware
Network
Element





              On‐the‐fly
adapta@on
of
scalable
coded
video
content
in
a
media‐
                             aware
network
element
(MANE).




                                                 Source:
h;p://ip.hhi.de/imagecom_G1/savce/

2009/07/01
                 Chris@an
Timmerer,
Klagenfurt
University,
Austria
            4

List
of
Technologies

•  Scalable
Video
Coding
(SVC)

•  Real‐@me
Streaming
Protocol
(RTSP)

      –  Establishing
and
controlling
the
streaming
session

      –  VCR‐like
control
of
the
streaming
(Start,
Stop,
Pause)

•  Real‐@me
Transport
Protocol
(RTP)

      –  Encapsulates
the
video
and/or
audio
content

      –  Mostly
used
on
top
of
the
unreliable
UDP
protocol

      –  Offers
sequence
number,
@mestamps
for
syncing
the

         playback

      –  Generic
header
with
content‐specific
payload
format

         (AVC,
SVC,
…)


2009/07/01
           Chris@an
Timmerer,
Klagenfurt
University,
Austria
   5

Proxy Approach
              server
                router
with
proxy

                                          router
                                           client


      RTSP
      RTP/RTCP
             RTSP
      RTP/RTCP
                         RTSP
     RTP/RTCP


      TCP
            UDP
              TCP
           UDP
                         TCP
           UDP


                IP
                              IP
                                         IP


          MAC/PHY
                          MAC/PHY
                                    MAC/PHY



      •  Proxy on network device between client & server
              –  Intercepts the RTSP / RTP communication
              –  Proxy is transparent for the client
              –  Acts as client for initial server and as server for the client
      •  Implications
              –  Proxy has to modify parts of the request (e.g. port numbers)
              –  Proxy can then adapt the SVC video stream carried over RTP
2009/07/01
                    Chris@an
Timmerer,
Klagenfurt
University,
Austria
                         6

Proxy Approach (cont’d)

Benefits
                                       Drawbacks

•  Session‐
and
stream‐/                       •  Proxy
is
running
as
user‐
   media‐awareness

                              space
process


•  Enables
stateful
inspec@on
                 •  RTP
packets
have
to
be

   and
processing
of
packets
                     passed
(copied)
from
the

•  Allows
adapta@on
on
a
per‐                     kernel‐space
to
the
user‐
   session
basis
                                 space
and
vice
versa

•  Consistent
RTCP
receiver
                   •  Decreases
theore@cal

   and
sender
reports
                            throughput
compared
to

                                                  kernel‐internal
solu@on
(e.g.

                                                  filtering
on
IP
level)


2009/07/01
         Chris@an
Timmerer,
Klagenfurt
University,
Austria
        7

Architecture

                                                    Handles
incoming
RTSP
requests
(554

                                                    redirect
to
proxy
using
iptables)


                                                    SDP
stored
in
LRU‐based
cache
un@l

                                                    session
established


                                                    Maintains
state:
seq#,
@mestamps,

                                                    SVC
params,
monitoring,
etc.


                                                    Forwards
non‐SVC
packets

                                                    Adapts
SVC
packets


                                                    Acts
as
server
for
client

                                                    Acts
as
client
for
server


                                                    Retrieve
monitoring
informa@on

                                                    Modify
adapta@on/SVC
parameters


2009/07/01
   Chris@an
Timmerer,
Klagenfurt
University,
Austria
                    8

Performance
Evalua@ons

•  Hardware:
Linksys
WRT
54
GL

      –  Broadcom
System‐on‐Chip
BCM5352EL

      –  MIPS32
200
MHz
CPU

      –  16
MB
RAM

      –  4
MB
Flash
Memory

      –  IEEE
802.11b/g
WLAN

      –  Fast
Ethernet
switch
with
5
ports

      –  price
~
45
Euros

(May
2008)

•  Sonware:
OpenWrt

      –  Linux‐based
firmware
for
Broadcom‐based
WiFi
routers

      –  gcc-based SDK for OpenWrt available
      –  Proxy
implementa@on
in
ANSI
C

2009/07/01
          Chris@an
Timmerer,
Klagenfurt
University,
Austria
   9

Performance
Evalua@ons
(cont’d)

•  Evalua@on
of
the
implementa@on
on
the
target
plaporm

      –  Server
–
proxy
–
client
deployment

      –  Inves@ga@on
of
worst‐case
scenario
(no
adapta@on)


•  Performance
metrics

      –  CPU
usage
for
different
number
of
streams

      –  Delay
introduced
by
the
proxy
on
a
complete
access
unit
(frame)


•  Three
different
SVC
streams
for
evalua@on

      –  Foreman,
CIF,
30
Hz,
715
kbps

      –  City,
4CIF,
30
Hz,
1247
kbps

      –  Harbour,
4CIF,
30
Hz,
2056
kbps


2009/07/01
             Chris@an
Timmerer,
Klagenfurt
University,
Austria
   10

Performance
Evalua@ons
(cont’d)

CPU
Usage





2009/07/01
    Chris@an
Timmerer,
Klagenfurt
University,
Austria
   11

Performance
Evalua@ons
(cont’d)

CDF of delay for sequence city (1245 kbps)





2009/07/01
      Chris@an
Timmerer,
Klagenfurt
University,
Austria
   12

Demo
Video





2009/07/01
   Chris@an
Timmerer,
Klagenfurt
University,
Austria
   13

Conclusions

•  Proxy
approach
for
in‐network
adapta@on
on
a
per‐packet

   basis

      –  Aware
of
sessions
and
individual
streams
(media‐aware)

      –  Stateful,
not
a
simple
packet
dropper

•  Applica@ons

      –  Adapta@on
according
to
device
capabili@es

      –  Cross‐layer
adapta@on

      –  NAT
traversal

•  Performance
sufficient
for
typical
home
deployments

      –  4
parallel
streams
with
30
percent
CPU
load
and
<
100
ms
delay



➙SVC
adapta@on
can
be
done
on
exis@ng
off‐the‐shelf

  network
devices

2009/07/01
            Chris@an
Timmerer,
Klagenfurt
University,
Austria
   14

References

•  I.
Kofler,
J.
Seidl,
C.
Timmerer,
H.
Hellwagner,
I.
Djama
and
T.
Ahmed,

   “Using
MPEG‐21
for
cross‐layer
mul@media
content
adapta@on”,
Journal

   on
Signal,
Image
and
Video
Processing,
Springer,
vol.
2,
no.
4,
Dec.
2008.

•  R.
Kuschnig,
I.
Kofler,
M.
Ransburg,
H.
Hellwagner,
“Design
op@ons
and

   comparison
of
in‐network
H.264/SVC
adapta@on”,
Journal
of
Visual

   Communica@on
and
Image
Representa@on,
Sept.
2008.

•  I.
Kofler,
M.
Prangl,
R.
Kuschnig,
and
H.
Hellwagner,
“An
H.264/SVC‐based

   adapta@on
proxy
on
a
WiFi
router”,
Proceedings
of
the
18th
Interna@onal

   Workshop
on
Network
and
Opera@ng
Systems
Support
for
Digital
Audio

   and
Video
(NOSSDAV
2008),
Braunschweig,
Germany,
May
2008.

•  I.
Kofler,
C.
Timmerer,
H.
Hellwagner,
and
T.
Ahmed:
“Towards
MPEG‐21‐
   based
Cross‐layer
Mul@media
Content
Adapta@on”,
Proc.
2nd

   Interna@onal
Workshop
on
Seman@c
Media
Adapta@on
and

   Personaliza@on
(SMAP
2007),
London,
UK,
Dec.
2007.





2009/07/01
             Chris@an
Timmerer,
Klagenfurt
University,
Austria
   15

Thank
you
for
your
a;en@on



              ...
ques@ons,
comments,
etc.
are
welcome
…





                                                            
Ass.‐Prof.
Dipl.‐Ing.
Dr.
Chris@an
Timmerer

                                   Klagenfurt
University,
Department
of
Informa@on
Technology
(ITEC)

                                                Universitätsstrasse
65‐67,
A‐9020
Klagenfurt,
AUSTRIA

                                                                  chris@an.@mmerer@itec.uni‐klu.ac.at

                                                                         h;p://research.@mmerer.com/

                                                     Tel:
+43/463/2700
3621
Fax:
+43/463/2700
3699

                                                                                  ©
Copyright:
Chris.an
Timmerer





2009/07/01
              Chris@an
Timmerer,
Klagenfurt
University,
Austria
                                         16


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Media-Aware Network Elements on Legacy Devices

  • 1. Media‐Aware
Network
Elements
 on
Legacy
Devices

 m16695
 Ingo
Kofler,
Robert
Kuschnig,
and
Hermann
Hellwagner
 Chris:an
Timmerer
 Klagenfurt
University
(UNIKLU)

Faculty
of
Technical
Sciences
(TEWI)
 Department
of
Informa:on
Technology
(ITEC)

Mul:media
Communica:on
(MMC)
 h;p://research.@mmerer.com

h;p://blog.@mmerer.com

mailto:chris@an.@mmerer@itec.uni‐klu.ac.at
 Acknowledgement:
Part
of
this
work
is
supported
by
the
European
Commission
in
the
 context
of
the
and
ENTHRONE
(contract
no.
038463)
project.
Further
informa@on
is
 available
at
h;p://www.ist‐enthrone.org.


  • 2. Outline
 •  Mo@va@on
and
Introduc@on
 •  List
of
Technologies
 •  Architecture
and
Performance
Evalua@ons
 •  Demo
Video
 •  Conclusions
/
References
 2009/07/01
 Chris@an
Timmerer,
Klagenfurt
University,
Austria
 2

  • 3. Mo@va@on
and
Introduc@on
 •  Adapta@on
of
an
SVC
bitstream
 –  Achieved
by
removing
certain
NALUs
➙
filtering
of
NALUs
 –  Steered
by
a
(TID,
DID,
QID)
tuple
➙
filter
criteria
 –  Computa@onally
cheap
(compared
to
transcoding
etc.)
 •  Idea
 –  Perform
real‐@me
in‐network
adapta@on
of
the
SVC
bitstream
 on
an
ordinary,
low‐cost
WiFi
router
 –  Media‐aware
Network
Element
(MANE)
 •  Applica@ons
of
in‐network
adapta@on
 –  Cross‐layer
adapta@on
on
the
access
point
 –  Adapta@on
for
different
end‐devices
 2009/07/01
 Chris@an
Timmerer,
Klagenfurt
University,
Austria
 3

  • 4. Media‐aware
Network
Element
 On‐the‐fly
adapta@on
of
scalable
coded
video
content
in
a
media‐ aware
network
element
(MANE).
 Source:
h;p://ip.hhi.de/imagecom_G1/savce/
 2009/07/01
 Chris@an
Timmerer,
Klagenfurt
University,
Austria
 4

  • 5. List
of
Technologies
 •  Scalable
Video
Coding
(SVC)
 •  Real‐@me
Streaming
Protocol
(RTSP)
 –  Establishing
and
controlling
the
streaming
session
 –  VCR‐like
control
of
the
streaming
(Start,
Stop,
Pause)
 •  Real‐@me
Transport
Protocol
(RTP)
 –  Encapsulates
the
video
and/or
audio
content
 –  Mostly
used
on
top
of
the
unreliable
UDP
protocol
 –  Offers
sequence
number,
@mestamps
for
syncing
the
 playback
 –  Generic
header
with
content‐specific
payload
format
 (AVC,
SVC,
…)
 2009/07/01
 Chris@an
Timmerer,
Klagenfurt
University,
Austria
 5

  • 6. Proxy Approach server
 router
with
proxy
 router
 client
 RTSP
 RTP/RTCP
 RTSP
 RTP/RTCP
 RTSP
 RTP/RTCP
 TCP
 UDP
 TCP
 UDP
 TCP
 UDP
 IP
 IP
 IP
 MAC/PHY
 MAC/PHY
 MAC/PHY
 •  Proxy on network device between client & server –  Intercepts the RTSP / RTP communication –  Proxy is transparent for the client –  Acts as client for initial server and as server for the client •  Implications –  Proxy has to modify parts of the request (e.g. port numbers) –  Proxy can then adapt the SVC video stream carried over RTP 2009/07/01
 Chris@an
Timmerer,
Klagenfurt
University,
Austria
 6

  • 7. Proxy Approach (cont’d)
 Benefits
 Drawbacks
 •  Session‐
and
stream‐/ •  Proxy
is
running
as
user‐ media‐awareness

 space
process

 •  Enables
stateful
inspec@on
 •  RTP
packets
have
to
be
 and
processing
of
packets
 passed
(copied)
from
the
 •  Allows
adapta@on
on
a
per‐ kernel‐space
to
the
user‐ session
basis
 space
and
vice
versa
 •  Consistent
RTCP
receiver
 •  Decreases
theore@cal
 and
sender
reports
 throughput
compared
to
 kernel‐internal
solu@on
(e.g.
 filtering
on
IP
level)
 2009/07/01
 Chris@an
Timmerer,
Klagenfurt
University,
Austria
 7

  • 8. Architecture
 Handles
incoming
RTSP
requests
(554
 redirect
to
proxy
using
iptables)
 SDP
stored
in
LRU‐based
cache
un@l
 session
established
 Maintains
state:
seq#,
@mestamps,
 SVC
params,
monitoring,
etc.
 Forwards
non‐SVC
packets
 Adapts
SVC
packets
 Acts
as
server
for
client
 Acts
as
client
for
server
 Retrieve
monitoring
informa@on
 Modify
adapta@on/SVC
parameters
 2009/07/01
 Chris@an
Timmerer,
Klagenfurt
University,
Austria
 8

  • 9. Performance
Evalua@ons
 •  Hardware:
Linksys
WRT
54
GL
 –  Broadcom
System‐on‐Chip
BCM5352EL
 –  MIPS32
200
MHz
CPU
 –  16
MB
RAM
 –  4
MB
Flash
Memory
 –  IEEE
802.11b/g
WLAN
 –  Fast
Ethernet
switch
with
5
ports
 –  price
~
45
Euros

(May
2008)
 •  Sonware:
OpenWrt
 –  Linux‐based
firmware
for
Broadcom‐based
WiFi
routers
 –  gcc-based SDK for OpenWrt available –  Proxy
implementa@on
in
ANSI
C
 2009/07/01
 Chris@an
Timmerer,
Klagenfurt
University,
Austria
 9

  • 10. Performance
Evalua@ons
(cont’d)
 •  Evalua@on
of
the
implementa@on
on
the
target
plaporm
 –  Server
–
proxy
–
client
deployment
 –  Inves@ga@on
of
worst‐case
scenario
(no
adapta@on)
 •  Performance
metrics
 –  CPU
usage
for
different
number
of
streams
 –  Delay
introduced
by
the
proxy
on
a
complete
access
unit
(frame)
 •  Three
different
SVC
streams
for
evalua@on
 –  Foreman,
CIF,
30
Hz,
715
kbps
 –  City,
4CIF,
30
Hz,
1247
kbps
 –  Harbour,
4CIF,
30
Hz,
2056
kbps
 2009/07/01
 Chris@an
Timmerer,
Klagenfurt
University,
Austria
 10

  • 11. Performance
Evalua@ons
(cont’d)
 CPU
Usage
 2009/07/01
 Chris@an
Timmerer,
Klagenfurt
University,
Austria
 11

  • 12. Performance
Evalua@ons
(cont’d)
 CDF of delay for sequence city (1245 kbps)
 2009/07/01
 Chris@an
Timmerer,
Klagenfurt
University,
Austria
 12

  • 13. Demo
Video
 2009/07/01
 Chris@an
Timmerer,
Klagenfurt
University,
Austria
 13

  • 14. Conclusions
 •  Proxy
approach
for
in‐network
adapta@on
on
a
per‐packet
 basis
 –  Aware
of
sessions
and
individual
streams
(media‐aware)
 –  Stateful,
not
a
simple
packet
dropper
 •  Applica@ons
 –  Adapta@on
according
to
device
capabili@es
 –  Cross‐layer
adapta@on
 –  NAT
traversal
 •  Performance
sufficient
for
typical
home
deployments
 –  4
parallel
streams
with
30
percent
CPU
load
and
<
100
ms
delay
 
➙SVC
adapta@on
can
be
done
on
exis@ng
off‐the‐shelf
 network
devices
 2009/07/01
 Chris@an
Timmerer,
Klagenfurt
University,
Austria
 14

  • 15. References
 •  I.
Kofler,
J.
Seidl,
C.
Timmerer,
H.
Hellwagner,
I.
Djama
and
T.
Ahmed,
 “Using
MPEG‐21
for
cross‐layer
mul@media
content
adapta@on”,
Journal
 on
Signal,
Image
and
Video
Processing,
Springer,
vol.
2,
no.
4,
Dec.
2008.
 •  R.
Kuschnig,
I.
Kofler,
M.
Ransburg,
H.
Hellwagner,
“Design
op@ons
and
 comparison
of
in‐network
H.264/SVC
adapta@on”,
Journal
of
Visual
 Communica@on
and
Image
Representa@on,
Sept.
2008.
 •  I.
Kofler,
M.
Prangl,
R.
Kuschnig,
and
H.
Hellwagner,
“An
H.264/SVC‐based
 adapta@on
proxy
on
a
WiFi
router”,
Proceedings
of
the
18th
Interna@onal
 Workshop
on
Network
and
Opera@ng
Systems
Support
for
Digital
Audio
 and
Video
(NOSSDAV
2008),
Braunschweig,
Germany,
May
2008.
 •  I.
Kofler,
C.
Timmerer,
H.
Hellwagner,
and
T.
Ahmed:
“Towards
MPEG‐21‐ based
Cross‐layer
Mul@media
Content
Adapta@on”,
Proc.
2nd
 Interna@onal
Workshop
on
Seman@c
Media
Adapta@on
and
 Personaliza@on
(SMAP
2007),
London,
UK,
Dec.
2007.
 2009/07/01
 Chris@an
Timmerer,
Klagenfurt
University,
Austria
 15

  • 16. Thank
you
for
your
a;en@on
 ...
ques@ons,
comments,
etc.
are
welcome
…
 
Ass.‐Prof.
Dipl.‐Ing.
Dr.
Chris@an
Timmerer
 Klagenfurt
University,
Department
of
Informa@on
Technology
(ITEC)
 Universitätsstrasse
65‐67,
A‐9020
Klagenfurt,
AUSTRIA
 chris@an.@mmerer@itec.uni‐klu.ac.at
 h;p://research.@mmerer.com/
 Tel:
+43/463/2700
3621
Fax:
+43/463/2700
3699
 ©
Copyright:
Chris.an
Timmerer
 2009/07/01
 Chris@an
Timmerer,
Klagenfurt
University,
Austria
 16