1. Immersive Future Media Technologies: Sensory Experience Christian Timmerer Alpen-Adria-Universität Klagenfurt (AAU)  Faculty of Technical Sciences (TEWI) Department of Information Technology (ITEC)  Multimedia Communication (MMC)  Sensory Experience Lab (SELab) http://research.timmerer.com http://blog.timmerer.com  http://selab.itec.aau.at/mailto:christian.timmerer@itec.uni-klu.ac.at MobiMedia2011, Cagliari, Italy 5th September, 2011 Acknowledgments. This work was supported in part by the European Commission in the context of the NoE INTERMEDIA (NoE 038419), the P2P-Next project (FP7-ICT-216217), the ALICANTE project (FP7-ICT-248652), and the COST Action IC1003 QUALINET.

2. Quality of Experience Factors impacting Quality of Experience 2011/09/05 Christian Timmerer, Alpen-Adria-Universität, Austria 2 Network Device Content Format Technical Factors Quality of Experience (QoE) Context TaskApplication User Social andPsychological Factors Environment User Expectation Content T. Ebrahimi, “Quality of Multimedia Experience: Past, Present and Future”, Keynote at ACM Multimedia 2009, Beijing, China, Oct 22, 2010. http://www.slideshare.net/touradj_ebrahimi/qoe

3. Sensory Experience Consumption of multimedia content may stimulate also other senses Vision or hearing Olfaction, mechanoreception, thermoception, … Annotation with metadata providing so-called sensory effects that steer appropriate devices capable of rendering these effects 2011/09/05 Christian Timmerer, Alpen-Adria-Universität, Austria 3 … giving her/him the sensation of being part of the particular media ➪ worthwhile, informative user experience

4. Outline Background / Introduction MPEG-V Media Context and Control featuring Sensory Information (SEDL+SEV) Demo/Software/Hardware components: SEVino, SESim, SEMP, amBX+SDK, and AmbientLib Improving the QoE through Sensory Effects ➪ Sensory Experience Motivation towards Sensory Experience Results from Subjective Tests: Experiment I + II Sensory Experience on mobile devices? 2011/09/05 4 Christian Timmerer, Alpen-Adria-Universität, Austria

5. Part One: Background / Introduction MPEG-V Media Context and Control Concept of MPEG-V Sensory Information Sensory Effect Description Language (SEDL) and Sensory Effect Vocabulary (SEV) Demo/Software/Hardware components: SEVino, SESim, SEMP, amBX+SDK, and AmbientLib 2011/09/05 Christian Timmerer, Alpen-Adria-Universität, Austria 5

6. Introduction to MPEG-V MPEG-V: Media Context and Control (ISO/IEC 23005) :== system architecture + associated information representations Interoperability between virtual worlds E.g., digital content provider of a virtual world (serious) gaming, simulation, DVD And real world E.g., sensors, actuators, vision and rendering, robotics (e.g. for revalidation), (support for) independent living, social and welfare systems, banking, insurance, travel, real estate, rights management 2011/09/05 Christian Timmerer, Alpen-Adria-Universität, Austria 6

7. MPEG-V: Media Context and Control 2011/09/05 Christian Timmerer, Alpen-Adria-Universität, Austria 7 System Architecture Pt. 1: Architecture Pt. 2: Control Information Pt. 3: Sensory Information Pt. 4: Virtual World Object Characteristics Pt. 5: Data Formats for Interaction Devices Pt. 6: Common Types and Tools Pt. 7: Conformance and Reference Software http://www.chiariglione.org/mpeg/working_documents.htm#MPEG-V

8. Sensory Effect Description Language (SEDL) XML Schema-based language for describing sensory effects Basic building blocks to describe, e.g., light, wind, fog, vibration, scent MPEG-V Part 3, Sensory Information: Effects, GroupOfEffects Adopted MPEG-21 DIA tools for adding time information (synchronization) Actual effects are not part of SEDL but defined within the Sensory Effect Vocabulary (SEV) Extensibility: additional effects can be added easily w/o affecting SEDL Flexibility: each application domain may define its own sensory effects Description conforming to SEDL :== Sensory Effect Metadata (SEM) May be associated to any kind of multimedia content (e.g., movies, music, Web sites, games) Steer sensory devices like fans, vibration chairs, lamps, etc. via an appropriate mediation device 2011/09/05 Christian Timmerer, Alpen-Adria-Universität, Austria 8

9. Sensory Effect Description Language (cont’d) 2011/09/05 Christian Timmerer, Alpen-Adria-Universität, Austria 9 SEM ::=[DescriptionMetadata](Declarations|GroupOfEffects|Effect|ReferenceEffect)+ Declarations ::= (GroupOfEffects|Effect|Parameter)+ GroupOfEffects ::= timestamp EffectDefinitionEffectDefinition (EffectDefinition)* Effect ::= timestamp EffectDefinition EffectDefinition ::= [activate][duration][fade][alt] [priority][intensity][location] [adaptability][xsi:type][si:{pts,…}]

10. Example 2011/09/05 Christian Timmerer, Alpen-Adria-Universität, Austria 10 <sedl:GroupOfEffectssi:pts="3240000" duration="100" fade="15" location="urn:mpeg:mpeg-v:01-SI-PositionCS-NS:center:*:front"> <sedl:Effectxsi:type="sev:WindType" intensity="0.0769"/> <sedl:Effectxsi:type="sev:VibrationType" intensity="0.56"/> <sedl:Effectxsi:type="sev:LightType" intensity="0.0000077"/> </sedl:GroupOfEffects>

11. Demo Setup 2011/09/05 Christian Timmerer, Alpen-Adria-Universität, Austria 11 Wall-washer / Light Display Light Light Fan Fan Speaker Speaker Vibration Bar Subwoofer

12. Demo Video with Effects 2011/09/05 Christian Timmerer, Alpen-Adria-Universität, Austria 12

13. SEVino, SESim, SEMP, and amBX amBX (Ambient Experience) system + SDK Two fan devices, a wrist rumbler, two sound speakers, a subwoofer, two lights, and a wall washer Everything controlled by SEM descriptionsexcept light effect Web browser plug-in (AmbientLib) Various browser support, HTML5, Flash 2011/09/05 Christian Timmerer, Alpen-Adria-Universität, Austria 13 Annotation Tool: SEVino Simulator: SESim Player: SEMP

14. Part Two:Improving the QoE through Sensory Effects Motivation towards Sensory Experience Results from Subjective Tests Experiment I: sensory effects a vital tool for enhancing QoE? Experiment II: relationship of the QoE to various video bit-rates 2011/09/05 Christian Timmerer, Alpen-Adria-Universität, Austria 14

15. Introduction (cont’d) Universal Multimedia Access (UMA) Anywhere, anytime, any device + technically feasible Main focus on devices and network connectivity issues ➪ QoS Universal Multimedia Experience (UME) Take the user into account ➪ QoE Multimedia Adaptation and Quality Models/Metrics Single modality (i.e., audio, image, or video only) or a simple combination of two modalities (i.e., audio and video) Triple user characterization model Sensorial, e.g., sharpness, brightness Perceptual, e.g., what/where is the content Emotional, e.g., feeling, sensation Ambient Intelligence Add’llight effects are highly appreciated for both audio and visual content Calls for a scientific framework to capture, measure, quantify, judge, and explain the user experience 2011/09/05 Christian Timmerer, Alpen-Adria-Universität, Austria 15 B. de Ruyter, E. Aarts. “Ambient intelligence: visualizing the future”, Proceedings of the Working Conference on Advanced Visual Interfaces, New York, NY, USA, 2004, pp. 203–208. E. Aarts, B. de Ruyter, “New research perspectives on Ambient Intelligence”, Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Smart Environments, IOS Press, vol. 1, no. 1, 2009, pp. 5–14. F. Pereira, “A triple user characterization model for video adaptation and quality of experience evaluation,” Proc. of the 7th Workshop on Multimedia Signal Processing, Shanghai, China, October 2005, pp. 1–4.

16. Experiment I Aim: demonstrate that sensory effects is a vital tool for enhancing the user experience depending on the actual genre Tools Sensory Effect Media Player (SEMP) Test sequences annotated with sensory effects: action (Rambo 4, Babylon A.D.), news (ZIB Flash), documentary (Earth), commercials (Woist Klaus), and sports (Formula 1) Double Stimulus Impairment Scale (DSIS) also known as Degradation Category Rating (DCR) Five-level impairment scale ➪ new five-level enhancement scale 2011/09/05 Christian Timmerer, Alpen-Adria-Universität, Austria 16

17. Experiment I (cont’d) Test Procedure Show test sequences in random order Two sequences presented twice but not directly one after the other – test the reliability of the subjects First, show reference sequence w/o sensory effects Second, the same sequence enriched with sensory effects with a two second break in between Finally, subjects to rate the overall opinion of the audio/video resource and sensory effect quality 2011/09/05 Christian Timmerer, Alpen-Adria-Universität, Austria 17 Test Sequences Dur (sec) Genre #Effects Rambo 4 58.11 Action 10 ZIB Flash 83.04 News 1 Babylon A.D. 118.42 Action 28 Woist Klaus? 59.16 Comm. 16 Earth 66 Docu. 24 Formula 1 116.2 Sports 43 New Five-Level Enhancement Scale 5 Big enhancement 4 Little enhancement 3 Imperceptible 2 Annoying 1 Very annoying

18. Experiment I (cont’d) 2011/09/05 Christian Timmerer, Alpen-Adria-Universität, Austria 18

19. Major Findings from Experiment I Sensory effects is a vital tool for enhancing the user experience Action, sports, and documentary genres benefit more from these additional effects Rambo 4 and Babylon A.D. are from the same genre, the results differ slightly Commercial genre can also profit from the additional effects but not at the same level as documentary News genre will not profit from these effects Those videos presented twice differ in the results ➪ test method may not have functioned properly 2011/09/05 Christian Timmerer, Alpen-Adria-Universität, Austria 19 M. Waltl, C. Timmerer, H. Hellwagner, "Increasing the User Experience of Multimedia Presentations with Sensory Effects", 11th Int’l Workshop on Image Analysis for Multimedia Interactive Services (WIAMIS’10), Desenzano del Garda, Italy, Apr. 2010.

20. Experiment II Aim: investigate the relationship of the QoE to various video bit-rates of multimedia contents annotated with sensory effects. Subjective quality gap between video resources annotated with and without sensory effects at different bit-rates Tools Sensory Effect Media Player (SEMP) Test sequences annotated with sensory effects: action (Babylon A.D.) and documentary (Earth) Absolute Category Rating with Hidden Reference (ACR-HR) method using a five-point discrete scale from excellent to bad Novel voting device for continuous voting 2011/09/05 Christian Timmerer, Alpen-Adria-Universität, Austria 20 with

21. Experiment II (cont’d) 2011/09/05 Christian Timmerer, Alpen-Adria-Universität, Austria 21 Test Sequences Voting Devices Sequence Babylon A.D. Earth Duration 35s 21s Resolution 1280 x 544 1280 x 720 Motion High Low Nr. of Effects W: 7; V: 9 W: 8; V: 1 Bit-rates Kbit/s PSNR Kbit/s PSNR Low Quality 2154 38.93 2204 38.11 Medium Quality 3112 41.27 3171 40.65 High Quality 4044 42.95 4116 42.27 Highest Quality 6315 N/A 6701 N/A Procedure

22. Experiment II (cont’d) MOS vs. PSNR/bit-rate for Babylon A.D. MOS vs. PSNR/bit-rate for Earth. 2011/09/05 Christian Timmerer, Alpen-Adria-Universität, Austria 22

23. Major Findings from Experiment II Results confirm the observations from the previous experiment MOS of the lowest bit-rate version with sensory effectsis (always) higher than the MOS of all higher bit-rate variants without sensory effects Sequence enriched with sensory effects is 0.5 MOS points higher on average than without sensory effects 2011/09/05 Christian Timmerer, Alpen-Adria-Universität, Austria 23 M. Waltl, C. Timmerer, H. Hellwagner, "Improving the Quality of Multimedia Experience through Sensory Effects", Proc. 2nd Int’l. Workshop on Quality of Multimedia Experience (QoMEX’10), Trondheim, Norway, Jun. 2010.

24. Part ThreeSensory Experience on Mobile Devices? Sensory effects on traditional mobile devices Haptic – vibration Tactile (passive) – position/location, motion/rotation Light – backlight, ambient Scent, the Smellophone? How about other mobile devices? E.g., in transportation (bus, train, car, plane) Open issues Tradeoff with battery consumption (optimization problem) Applications and subjective quality assessments 2011/09/05 Christian Timmerer, Alpen-Adria-Universität, Austria 24

25. Conclusions MPEG-V Overview (ISO/IEC 23005) Pt. 1: Architecture Pt. 3: Sensory Information Sensory Information and HW/SW components Sensory Effect Description Language Sensory Effect Vocabulary SEVino, SESim, SEMP, and amBX+SDK How to improve QoE?➪ Results from experiments so far … … to be continued! Towards a Utility Model for Sensory Experiences 2011/09/05 Christian Timmerer, Alpen-Adria-Universität, Austria 25

26. Sensory Experience Lab http://selab.itec.aau.at/ Software and Services Standardization Publications Media Funding 2011/09/05 Christian Timmerer, Alpen-Adria-Universität, Austria 26

27. Acknowledgments EC projects for funding this activity NoE INTERMEDIA (NoE 038419) http://intermedia.miralab.ch/ P2P-Next project (FP7-ICT-216217) http://www.p2p-next.eu ALICANTE project (FP7-ICT-248652) http://www.ict-alicante.eu COST ICT Action IC1003 QUALINET – European Network on Qualityof Experience in Multimedia Systems and Services http://www.qualinet.eu/ Markus Waltl for implementing, preparing, conducting, evaluating almost all the experiments Benjamin Rainer for implementing the browser plug-in + Web tests Hermann Hellwagner for his advice and feedback ISO/IEC MPEG and its participating members for their constructive feedback during the standardization process 2011/09/05 Christian Timmerer, Alpen-Adria-Universität, Austria 27

28. References Markus Waltl, Christian Timmerer, Hermann Hellwagner, “A Test-Bed for Quality of Multimedia Experience Evaluation of Sensory Effects”, Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Quality of Multimedia Experience (QoMEX 2009), San Diego, USA, July 29-31, 2009. C. Timmerer, J. Gelissen, M. Waltl, and H. Hellwagner, “Interfacing with Virtual Worlds”, Proceedings of the NEM Summit 2009, Saint-Malo, France, September 28-30, 2009. M. Waltl, Enriching Multimedia with Sensory Effects, VDM Verlag Dr. Müller, February, 2010. M. Waltl, C. Timmerer and H. Hellwagner, “Increasing the User Experience of Multimedia Presentations with Sensory Effects”, Proceedings of the 11th International Workshop on Image Analysis for Multimedia Interactive Services (WIAMIS’10), Desenzano del Garda, Italy, April 12-14, 2010. C. Timmerer, M. Waltl, and H. Hellwagner, “Are Sensory Effects Ready for the World Wide Web?”, Proceedings of the Workshop on Interoperable Social Multimedia Applications (WISMA 2010), Barcelona, Spain, May 19-20, 2010. M. Waltl, C. Timmerer, and H. Hellwagner, “Improving the Quality of Multimedia Experience through Sensory Effects”, Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Quality of Multimedia Experience (QoMEX2010), Trondheim, Norway, June 21-23, 2010. M. Waltl, C. Raffelsberger, C. Timmerer, and H. Hellwagner, “Metadata-based Content Management and Sharing System for Improved User Experience”, Proc. of the 4th InterMedia Open Forum (IMOF 2010), Palma de Mallorca, Spain, September 1, 2010. 2011/09/05 Christian Timmerer, Alpen-Adria-Universität, Austria 28

29. Thank you for your attention ... questions, comments, etc. are welcome … Ass.-Prof. Dipl.-Ing. Dr. Christian Timmerer Klagenfurt University, Department of Information Technology (ITEC) Universitätsstrasse 65-67, A-9020 Klagenfurt, AUSTRIA christian.timmerer@itec.uni-klu.ac.at http://research.timmerer.com/ Tel: +43/463/2700 3621 Fax: +43/463/2700 3699 © Copyright: Christian Timmerer 29 2011/09/05 Christian Timmerer, Alpen-Adria-Universität, Austria