1. JavaScript Patterns
Part Two

2. Error Objects
Built-in's you can throw
● Error, SyntaxError, TypeError, RangeError, etc.
● can be used with or without 'new'
All have properties
● name - of constructor
● message - string passed in constructor
● and others that are not universally supported
You can 'throw' any object
● add 'name' and 'message' to be consistent
● plus any other properties you want
● preferred method

3. The console
Use FireBug CommandEditor to experiment
LOG outputs traces
console.log("test", 1, {}, [1,2,3]);
DIR outputs enumerations
console.dir({one:1, two: {three: 3}});
ACCESS
window.name === window['name'];

4. Minimizing Globals
myglobal = "hello";
● makes a property on window
console.log(myglobal);
● the global 'this' is implied
console.log(window.myglobal);
console.log(window['myglobal']);
console.log(this.myglobal);

5. Implied Globals
Any variable you don't declare with var becomes property of global
this is bad
function sum(x,y){
result = x+y;
return result;
}
this is good
function sum(x,y){
var result = x+y;
return result;
}

6. Implied Globals (cont.)
Implied globals are not real variables, rather properties of the global object
this is bad
function foo(){
var a = b = 0;
}
this is good
function foo(){
var a, b;
a = b = 0;
}

7. Delete
Global variables, created with var, cannot be deleted
Global properties (declared without var) can be deleted
In general
● properties can be deleted
● variables can not be deleted

8. Accessing global object
from anywhere via 'window'
*don't EVER declare a local var using the word 'window'
to access global without using 'window' you can do the following from
anywhere, any level of nested scope:
....(){
var G = (function(){
return this;
}());

9. Single var pattern
single place to look for all local variables
prevents logical errors: when a var is used before it's defined
helps minimize globals/implied globals
less code to write - only 1 'var' statement
can initialize if you want to

10. Single var pattern (cont.)
another good example of doing work in single var
can initialize and chain
function updateElement(){
var element = document.getElementById("result"),
style = element.style;
}

11. Variable Hoisting
you can put a 'var' statement anywhere in a function
but you shouldn't
all vars will all act as if they were declared at top of function

12. Loops
optimizing 'for'
least optimal:
for(var i = 0; i < myarray.length; i++){}
especially bad for dom collections since they are live queries
which are very expensive
better:
for(var i = 0, max = myarray.length; i < max; i++){}

13. Loops (cont.)
'for in' enumeration
use hasOwnProperty() to filter out the prototype properties
call it from the object you are iterating over
OR
from the prototype of Object
● avoids collisions with any redefinition of hasOwnProperty
● cached version of this can avoid an iterative long property lookup
all the way up the prototype chain

14. Types
There are 5 primitives:
1. number
2. string
3. boolean
4. null
5. undefined
Primitives are NOT objects
○ no properties
○ no methods
○ however....there is temporary conversion
Literals are not necessarily primitives
● { } and [ ] are literals - not primitives
● "s", true, 3 are literals - are primitives

15. Types (cont.)
conversion
● parseInt(string, radix)
○ converts a string to a number
○ do not leave out the radix!
■ strings that begin with '0' are treated as octal
○ there are other ways to convert a string that are faster
but not be able to handle compound strings
like "08 hello"

16. Literals
{}, [], "", 3, true , / /
advantages over the built-in constructors
● more concise
● more expressive
● less error-prone
● emphasizes the fact that objects are mutable hashes, not classes
constructors can be deceitful
● new Object("hello") creates an object using the String constructor

17. Primitives
difference between number primitive and Number wrapper object
the primitive object wrappers have some useful functions,
but the literals are converted at runtime
if you need to augment the value and persist state, then use the wrapper -
primitives can not do this
wrappers without 'new' can be used to convert values to primitives