1. ENTERGY Phasor Project
Modernizing the Entergy Grid
Enhanced Wide-Area
Visibility:
Finding Value in
Phasor Measurement
Floyd Galvan, PE
Entergy Corporation
POWERWORLD USERS GROUP MEETING
Austin, TX June 2005

2. Overview
 Overview of Eastern Interconnect Phasor
Project (EIPP)
 Discussion of Entergy Phasor System
 Review of Phasor Benefits
 http://phasors.pnl.gov

3. Strategic Importance
August 14th Blackout
By-The-Numbers
“…it's clear that the power grid
1 Canadian Province
needs an overhaul. It needs to be
modernized. As we go into an 3 deaths
exciting new period of American 8 U.S. states
history, we want the most
12 airports closed
modern electricity grid for our
people… we need more 23 cases of looting in
investment; we need research Ottawa
and development…”
President Bush
250+ power plants
September 2003 9,266 square miles
“When the lights go out, modern
life as we know it grinds to a 61,800 MW of power lost
sudden halt. Transportation is
1.5 mill Cleveland residents
interrupted, communications fail,
water systems shut down, factory without water
work is disrupted, food spoils,
businesses lose money, and people 50 million people
are inconvenienced and even $4.5-10 billion in economic
endangered. ”
activity lost
Secretary Abraham
April 2004

4. EIPP Vision & Working Group
 Vision – improve power system reliability
through wide-area measurement, monitoring
and control
 EIPP Working Group Organizations (as of 3/2005)
TVA Entergy AREVA ATC
PowerWorld FERC NERC AEP
Ameren First Energy NYISO CERTS
PJM* Hydro One NYPA US DOE
Com Ed* IMO* Con Ed* ISO-NE
Dominion MAPP Southern Co.*
SPP* Duke* MISO
Hydro Qubec* Manitoba Hydro* British Columbia Trans Comp*
• At least ten additional Work Group members are vendors of hardware or software
* These organizations have expressed interest but have not fully committed.

5. Eastern Interconnection
Phasor Project Plan
EIPP
Phase I (Completed
12/04)
 30 Instruments installed
 Resolve major
communications issues
 Begin Transfer software
tools to users
 Establish relationships
Phase III (2008- )
 More than 350
Phase II (2005-7) Instruments across North
 ~150 Instruments America
 Situational awareness and  Situational awareness
state estimator app’s and state estimator app’s
demonstrated realized, automatic
 All major corridors control app’s beginning
covered  Vendors participating at
 Data available to research all levels
community to begin work  Inexpensive instruments
on projected benefits and communications
available

6. Phasor Measurement
Systems Structure
High Frequency Data Critical Grid Locations High Bandwidth Data
Reliability Control Area
Coordinators Operators
GPS Time-stamped Data
Software
Applications

7. Phasor Data Concentrator Locations
First Energy NYISO
NPYA
AEP
Ameren
TVA – Super Data
Concentrator
Entergy

8. Benefits of “Phasor1” Data
 Phasor data  SCADA data
 Refresh rate 30 samples per  Refresh rate 2-5 seconds
second  Some data points are newer than
 All data points time tagged others – no way to tell the
and easy to “line up” for input difference. This leads to state
to state estimator, operator estimator inaccuracy and
display or planning study uncertainty about what is “real”.
 Compatible with modern  Relies on legacy communication
communication technology technology, i.e. does not take
 Enables action in response to advantage of newer comm.
system dynamics networks
 Prelude to automatic  Enables action in response to
switching schemes system statics
1“Phasor” is in quotes to suggest that we are not talking strictly about
phasors, but about high speed, accurately time-tagged data in general.

9. Closer to Home

10. Entergy
PMU Locations
 11 Sites are
operational
 4 sites coming on-
line Summer 2005
 PMU – ARBITER
1133A, Power
Sentinal
 PDC – OSIsoft PI
Historian

11. Entergy PMU Locations
 500 KV – 8 Arbiters  Arkansas – 6 Arbiters
 230 KV – 3 Arbiters  Louisiana – 5 Arbiters
 138/115 KV – 4 Arbiters  Mississippi – 3 Arbiters
 Texas(NON-ERCOT)–1 Arbiter

12. Phasor System Configuration

13. Expected/Realized
Phasor Data Benefits
 Improved wide area visibility (transparent
boundaries)
TVA, Entergy, Ameren Frequenc ys
60.03 60.005
AMEREN
Hz
60.0050 60.01 60.004
TVA Hz
60.0040 60
60.007
59.99
Hz
59.98
59.96
5/16/2005 4:30:08 PM 60.00 minutes 5/16/2005 5:30:08 PM
Entergy
60.0070

14. Expected/Realized
Phasor Data Benefits (cont)
 Improved real time monitoring tools for reliability
coordinators and system operators
El Dorado Voltage A,B,C Waterford-NineMile
523000 518542.875 236400 234662.406
521500 Volts Volts
518257.625 235400 234840.000
520500
Volts 234900 Volts
519500
521466.500 235985.094
518500 Volts 234400
Volts
516500 233400
Goslin-Conroe Metro AMEREN, TVA, Entergy Frequencys
142200 138547.594 60.03 60.004
Volts Hz
140400 139964.641 60.01 60.002
Volts 60 Hz
139400 141820.219 60.004
Volts 59.99
Hz
138400
137400 59.97

15. Expected/Realized
Phasor Data Benefits (cont)
 Improved ability to monitor grid dynamics and stability for
reliability management (phase angle difference)
Entergy and Ameren Voltage A Phase Angle 5/16/2005 6:09:55 PM
360 192.168.233.244AMR_RUSH-TYSN:ABBVH
142.761
140 192.168.233.244ENT_EDRD-MTOV:ARBNVH
169.601
40
-60
-160
-360
18:01 18:03 18:05 18:07
Entergy and Ameren Voltage A Phase Angle Difference 5/16/2005 6:09:55 PM
300 ANGLE DIFF TVA-AEP.Value
-22.4925
100
0
-100
-200
-400
18:01 18:03 18:05 18:07 18:09

16. Expected/Realized
Phasor Data Benefits (cont)
 Improvements in state estimation
Integration of Phasor Measurements into State Estimator
– Joint project between Entergy, Areva, TVA, and
American Transmission Company
Enhanced State Estimators - PSERC (Power Systems
Engineering Research Center)
Placement of Phasor Measurement Units for State
Estimation - PSERC (Power Systems Engineering
Research Center)

17. Expected/Realized
Phasor Data Benefits (cont)
 Dynamic system ratings for improved reliability and
market performance (dynamic network
management)
Dynamic Line Loading using Phasor Measurement -
NEETRAC Project (National Electric Energy
Testing, Research, and Applications Center)

18. Expected/Realized
Phasor Data Benefits (cont)
 Redesign of Communications Infrastructure
Supporters for an NSF Center of Excellence for
a “Trustworthy Cyber Infrastructure for the
Power Grid” – research under review for
funding through NSF for Utility
Communications and Security

19. Expected Benefits from Phasor
Data
 Improved wide area  Improvements in state
visibility (transparent estimation
boundaries)  Dynamic system ratings for
 Improved real time improved reliability and
monitoring tools for market performance
reliability coordinators and (dynamic network
system operators (see management)
around us)  Redesign of
 Improved ability to monitor Communications
grid dynamics and stability Infrastructure (NSF, DHS,
for reliability management DOE,…)
(phase angle difference)

20. QUESTIONS
“In a time of adversity are sown the seeds of change”…Robert Ludlum

21. Real-Time Phasor
Visualization
Applications within the Eastern Interconnect
Phasors Project (EIPP)
PowerWorld Users’ Group Meeting
June 24, 2005
2001 South First Street Scott R. Dahman, P.E.
Champaign, Illinois 61820 scott@powerworld.com
+1 (217) 384.6330 http://www.powerworld.com

23. EIPP Software Applications
• Real-Time Dynamics Monitoring System
(RTDMS)
• OSISoft PI Historian
• TVA DatAWare
• PowerWorld Retriever
June 24, 2005 Real-Time Phasor Visualization 23

24. Retriever Benefits
• Real-time visualization
• Provides overview of system health to enhance
situational awareness
• Capture a power flow case from real-time data
for study, training, or post-mortem analysis
• Independent of EMS platform
• Remote access by FTP
June 24, 2005 Real-Time Phasor Visualization 24

25. Retriever Architecture
June 24, 2005 Real-Time Phasor Visualization 25

26. WECC Angle Displays (BPA)
June 24, 2005 Real-Time Phasor Visualization 26

27. Phasor Combination Displays (BPA)
June 24, 2005 Real-Time Phasor Visualization 27

28. Retriever and the EIPP
• Summer 2004: Pilot installation of PMU Visualization at
TVA
– ODBC connection to TVA SQL database
– Phasor data retrieved from PMUs at several stations
• Cordova
• Shelby
• Freeport
• Volunteer
• Summer Shade
• Development of OPC client (ongoing)
• Development of https and direct DatAWare clients (ongoing)
June 24, 2005 Real-Time Phasor Visualization 28

29. Voltage Magnitude and Angle
SUMMER SHADE -31.04 Deg -26.99 Deg
1.05 pu 1.06 pu
2 0 SS HADE
5W OLF CR
-26.22 Deg
1.04 pu 20SSHADE
-26.19 Deg
1.04 pu
5SUMMER 1.04 pu 5TMPKN T
-26.19 Deg
1.03 pu 5LAFAYET
-19.84 D eg
1.10PU
1.00
0.90
8DELL 5-6.53 Deg
1.03 pu
8LAG CRK
1.06 pu
-4.53 Deg
-9.58 Deg
1.04 pu
5SHELBY1 5SHELBY2
1.03 pu
-9.43 Deg
1.10PU SHELBY
1.00 1.05 pu
8SHELBY -8.03 Deg
0.90 60.00 H z 8HAYW OO D
1.05 pu
-7.99 Deg
5CORDO V1
1.05 pu
-12.34 Deg
8F REEPOR
1.03 pu
-9.11 Deg
5FREEPO R
60.00 Hz -11.14 Deg
1.04 pu
1.05 pu
-11.72 Deg 5CO RDOV2
8CO RDOVA
-9.24 Deg
1.04 pu CORDOVA
6FRPORT
1.10PU 8BENTON
1.05 pu 1.10PU
-9.44 Deg
1.01 pu
-9.12 Deg
1.00 1.00
0.90 0.90
FREEPORT
June 24, 2005 Real-Time Phasor Visualization 29

30. Angle Difference Across Lines
June 24, 2005 Real-Time Phasor Visualization 30

31. Angle Difference Across Lines
June 24, 2005 Real-Time Phasor Visualization 31

32. Retriever Study Mode
• Create a power flow case from real-time state
estimator data
• Phasor retrieval from state estimator or PMU
• Applications
– operator training for emergency operation or post-
mortem analysis
– Contingency, ATC, voltage stability analysis based on
real system conditions
June 24, 2005 Real-Time Phasor Visualization 32

33. Retriever Connection: http
June 24, 2005 Real-Time Phasor Visualization 33

34. Retriever Connection:
Secure Shell
• By setting up a VPN tunnel in another application , you
can retrieve data via FTP or HTTP encrypted.
• Involves mapping requests against a particular local port
to a port on a remote VPN server.
FTP
HTTP
June 24, 2005 Real-Time Phasor Visualization 34

35. Retriever Connection:
DatAWare
• Dataware is a data archiving tool written by TVA Nuclear
Operations
• Provides both a client-side and a server-side API
• PowerWorld has written a server-side Dataware-Retriever bridge
– Periodically queries the server for new data
– Publishes the newly retrieved data to a flat file
– Retriever then downloads this flat file using ftp, http, or direct disk
access
June 24, 2005 Real-Time Phasor Visualization 35

36. Retriever Connection: OPC
• Retriever can download data from an OPC server
• Data is cached locally as it is generated at the
OPC server
• Displays are refreshed at a user-specified interval
June 24, 2005 Real-Time Phasor Visualization 36

37. Summary
• Retriever brings all the visualization techniques of
PowerWorld to the on-line environment
• Advantages
– Flexibility in data and display format
– Ability to communicate complex data and trends quickly, in a
manner that is easily understood by engineers and
management
– Visualization platform developed over several years and
guided by hundreds of customers and research
June 24, 2005 Real-Time Phasor Visualization 37