Leonardo da Vinci was born in 1452 in Vinci, Italy. He was born illegitimate to a peasant mother and wealthy Florentine father. Italy at the time was made up of independent city-states like Florence that were sometimes under the control of princes or the pope.

1. He was born on January 4, 1643 in Woolsthorpe, Lincolnshire, England. On that
date, the Julian calendar was used and corresponded to December 25, 1642, day of
the Navidad.1 The birth was premature and born apparently so small that no one
thought he would have to live long. His life was in danger for at least one week. He
was baptized on January 1, 1643, January 12 on the Gregorian calendar

2. (Torun, actual Polonia, 1473 - Frauenburg, id., 1543) Astrónomo polaco. Nacido en el seno de una
rica familia de comerciantes, Nicolás Copérnico quedó huérfano a los diez años y se hizo cargo de
él su tío materno, canónigo de la catedral de Frauenburg y luego obispo de Warmia.

3. Born in 1452 in the Tuscan village of Vinci, the illegitimate son of a peasant woman, Caterina (who married
soon after with a craftsman in the region), and Ser Piero, a wealthy Florentine notary. Italy was then a
patchwork of city-states such as Florence, Venice and small republics as fiefdoms under the power of the
princes or the pope.
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