Egyptian Children and Young Generation in Digital Era
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Paper presented at the Mediterranean Research Meeting (MRM) 2012. European University Institute, Florence, Italy.
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Egyptian Children and Young Generation in Digital Era
- 1. MEDITERRANEAN RESEARCH MEETING (MRM) 21‐24 March 2012 WORKSHOP 1 YOUTH AND CITIZENSHIP IN A DIGITAL ERA LINDA HERRERA & PETER MAYO BUILDING POLITICAL WORLD OF EGYPTIAN CHILDREN AND YOUNG GENERATIONS IN A DIGITAL ERA CHIARA DIANA
- 2. BUILDING POLITICAL WORLD OF EGYPTIAN CHILDREN AND YOUNG GENERATIONS IN A DIGITAL ERA Drawings of Egyptian children some days after the 25th revolution 2011
- 3. ABOUT … Actors of Revolution(s): Children and young generations Participation in Revolution: Transnational Movement Revolution continues … In the street … On social networks and … At school Theoretical points Open conclusive remarks
- 4. ACTORS OF REVOLUTION Children under 15 years old In Egypt, According to the last census 2006, they represent 31.7% of the whole of the population (Capmas 2006) In MENA region, the combination of a signiPicant decline in child mortality and the relatively slow onset of fertility decline led to an increase in the proportion of children under 15 and it should continue to grow (Assaad Ragui, Roudi‐Fahimi Farzaneh, 2007) Figure =>
- 5. ACTORS OF REVOLUTION Population Growth in MENA by Age Group, 1950-2050 Source: United Nations, World Population Prospects: the 2004 Revision (New York : UN 2005). Quoted by Assaad Ragui, Roudi-Fahimi Farzaneh, 2007
- 6. TRANSNATIONAL MOVEMENT Transnational movement of Arab children in revolution: Same dynamics could be identiPied in the different Arab countries which experienced revolutionary events: children marching for manifestations, striking up the strongest slogans of the revolution, the same in every country, chanting phrases against regime, accompanied by parents or somebody else (Filiu 2011) Empirical data of videos and pictures from Tunisia, Libya, Syria, Egypt show this common experience Pictures and Videos =>
- 7. TRANSNATIONAL MOVEMENT Yemen Syria Tunisia Egypt Libya
- 9. REVOLUTION CONTINUES IN THE STREET… Revolution in Egypt ‐ Videos by Arte (French‐German channel) http://videos.arte.tv/fr/videos/suleiman_abdel_hakam_egypte_20_mai_2011‐3917994.html (Suleyman, 6 years old, talks about revolution) ‐ Videos on YouTube http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dsnPi9Km65A (Child, 5 years old, leads protests in Tahrir, chanting slogans) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C3X1gQQlCKQ&feature=related (Girl child calls « the people demand the removal of the regime » in Tahrir)
- 10. REVOLUTION CONTINUES ON SOCIAL NETWORKS … Facebook Page “Thawra ma3hash bita2a” (Revolution without ID) https://www.facebook.com Thawra.ma3hash.beta2a https://www.facebook.com Thawra.ma3hash.beta2a app_326083590761463 Movement of Egyptian children and young people under 18 years old. Some important points in declaration: to provide their creative capacities for the development of Egypt and to disseminate their messages, opinions and remarks at the only condition that don’t contract with religion values.
- 11. REVOLUTION CONTINUES ON SOCIAL NETWORKS … Picture of Aya Mohsen’s twitter account with Yousri Fouda (TV man of « Akhr Kalam » ) http://twitter.com/#!/a_aya97 Members of Thawra ma3hash Bita2a in TV programme « Akhr Kalam » http://www.youtube.com/watch? v=lP‐213N7oAU
- 12. REVOLUTION CONTINUES AT SCHOOL… “Egypt’s School Students for Change movement” ‐ Call for general strike with university students on February 11, 2011 Videos by Asmae (French NGO) http://www.lesenfantsdemahaba.comvideo.php?vid=9 (interviewed children in an Egyptian school) EDRAK Opinion poll of Egyptian children
- 13. REVOLUTION CONTINUES AT SCHOOL… EDRAK “How to Make a Better Egypt” 6% I don’t know - Question: “what do you know about the revolution in Tahrir”? - Answer: “our revolution was made because people were angry, while FB was how they communicated” people are angry 52% 42% A Facebook - Question: Did you go to Tahrir Sq. with your family or friends? revolution - Answer: More than 1 out of 4 kids went to the Action zone Almost ½ of the kids went to such landmark during or right after 27% Yes, during the revolution 53% No 20% Immediately after the revolution
- 14. THEORETICAL POINTS POLITICAL SOCIALIZATION (Durkheim, Hyman, Percheron) Forms during early years of life (10‐11 years old) Creates political preferences Family and social milieu contribution Child isn’t a passive being Acquisition of intellectual and practical skills Application on Egyptian / Arab children
- 15. OPEN CONCLUSIVE REMARKS A quotation of Kamel Al-Janzuri who, in a public speech last January, said : “we are glad for what our young generation is doing for the Revolution, but children aged 12-13 years old who threw stones in order to destroy walls of governmental institutions, could not be considered as a real theer (revolutionary)”. - Who is the real theer? - Could it be possible to give a definition of “theer”? - Could “age” play an important role for this definition? - As “public space”, could school be a place where making revolution? Bring revolution into the school…