Bioscience in Garyounis University, Benghazi, Libya

1. Postgraduate Studies and Research in Physiology and Biomedical Sciences in Libya Osama Tashani

12. Population 6,000,000 Under 14 years of age: 34% Age expectancy: 75 years Birth rate: 25 / 1000 adults

13. Cities: Tripol i (Tarabulus) 2 million (University of Alfateh) Benghazi 800,000 (University of Garyounis )

14. Teaching and Research

15. Ancient Egyptians Greeks Romans Arabs Maltese Spanish Turks Italians Germans French British Who ruled Libya

17. People: Arabs, Berbers, Turks, Africans, Greeks, Tuarek

19. Oil 95% of export earnings 25% of GDP 60% of public sector wages Libya has one of the highest per capita GDPs in Africa

20. University of Garyounis Established as The Libyan University 1955 Became University of Benghazi 1973 Libya has 7 major universities and more than 15 regional institutions

21. 35 000 students 2000 staff Female/male ratio 5/1

22. Faculty of Public Health: Epidemiology, Environment, Nutrition Faculty of Science: Biology, Microbiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics Faculty of Medicine: Medical Physiology and Biochemistry Clinical Sciences Faculty of Pharmacy: Pharmacology and Toxicology Department of Psychology Department of Sport Scientific Research Organization Research and Postgraduate Studies in Biosciences in Libya

24. Publications: Garyounis (29) Leeds met 149 Leeds 270

29. Rise and decline of Arabic as language of science in middle ages Spread of Islam 700 A.D. Mongol invasion of Iraq and the destruction of Grand Bagdad Library 1258 Great translation project and muslim scientific era 800-1200

32. Ibn Sina (Avicenna) 980-1037 Central Asia (now Uzbekistan ) 14-volume The Canon of Medicine : was a standard medical text in many parts of the world including western Europe for seven centuries It asserts that tuberculosis was contagious, It also describes the symptoms and complications of diabetes . An Arabic edition of the Canons was circulated at Rome in 1593 ,

33. Ibn Nafis 1213-1288 in Damascus Pulmonary circulation: "The blood from the right chamber of the heart must arrive at the left chamber but there is no direct pathway between them. The thick septum of the heart is not perforated ………………. The blood from the right chamber must flow through the vena arteriosa (pulmonary artery) to the lungs, …………., pass through the arteria venosa (pulmonary vein) to reach the left chamber of the heart and there form the vital spirit...”

35. Thank you شكرا