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Japanese Grammar

 Tenses and Particles
Why Japanese is easier
• No plural/singular noun forms
                 In the sentence “Kore wa hon desu” can
                 mean you are pointing to one book or to
                              many books.

• No special forms of verbs
                  All Vmasu verbs become Vmashita in
                       the past tense. No exception.

• No specific order of terms
                 Sentences can be jumbled up as long as
                 the correct particles are attached to the
                              correct words
Tense
• There are only two tenses in Japanese:
  past & non-past.
                 This talks about the structure of ,for
                 example,the verb. Meaning, you only
                 have two forms: Vmasu & Vmashita



                 And of course, if the sentence is in the
                  negative: Vmasen & Vmasendeshita
Tense
• You use the Past Tense for actions or
  events that happened in the past

  – Watashi wa kyoukai e ikimashita

                   This sentence means you went to
                    church at some time in the past


  – Watashi wa piza o tabemashita

                  This sentence means you ate pizza at
                         some time in the past
Tense
• You use the Non-Past Tense for actions or
  events that will happen in the future

  – Watashi wa kyoukai e ikimasu

                   This sentence means you will go to
                   church at some time in the future


  – Watashi wa piza o tabemasu

                 This sentence means you will eat pizza
                       at some time in the future
Tense
• You also use the Non-Past Tense for
  actions or events that occur habitually

  – Watashi wa kyoukai e ikimasu

                  This can also mean you go to church
                                regularly


  – Watashi wa piza o tabemasu

                 This can also mean pizza is part of your
                               regular diet
Q&A
Q:   So if my friend says “Watashi wa kyoukai e
     ikimasu,” how will I know if he means he will
     be going to church or that he is saying he
     usually goes to church?

A:   The context of the conversation. If he is
     telling you about his everyday life, his
     hobbies and alike, then in this context he is
     saying he goes to church. But if you just asked
     him what he will do on the weekend, then in
     answer to your question he is telling you what
     he will be doing.
Time expressions
• Time expressions are also another way of
  differentiating future action from habitual
  action

                 Watashi wa ashita kyoukai e ikimasu
                     means he will go tomorrow




                   Watashi wa maishuu Nichiyoubi
                          kyoukai e ikimasu
                 means he goes to church every Sunday.

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Japanese grammar

  • 1. Japanese Grammar Tenses and Particles
  • 2. Why Japanese is easier • No plural/singular noun forms In the sentence “Kore wa hon desu” can mean you are pointing to one book or to many books. • No special forms of verbs All Vmasu verbs become Vmashita in the past tense. No exception. • No specific order of terms Sentences can be jumbled up as long as the correct particles are attached to the correct words
  • 3. Tense • There are only two tenses in Japanese: past & non-past. This talks about the structure of ,for example,the verb. Meaning, you only have two forms: Vmasu & Vmashita And of course, if the sentence is in the negative: Vmasen & Vmasendeshita
  • 4. Tense • You use the Past Tense for actions or events that happened in the past – Watashi wa kyoukai e ikimashita This sentence means you went to church at some time in the past – Watashi wa piza o tabemashita This sentence means you ate pizza at some time in the past
  • 5. Tense • You use the Non-Past Tense for actions or events that will happen in the future – Watashi wa kyoukai e ikimasu This sentence means you will go to church at some time in the future – Watashi wa piza o tabemasu This sentence means you will eat pizza at some time in the future
  • 6. Tense • You also use the Non-Past Tense for actions or events that occur habitually – Watashi wa kyoukai e ikimasu This can also mean you go to church regularly – Watashi wa piza o tabemasu This can also mean pizza is part of your regular diet
  • 7. Q&A Q: So if my friend says “Watashi wa kyoukai e ikimasu,” how will I know if he means he will be going to church or that he is saying he usually goes to church? A: The context of the conversation. If he is telling you about his everyday life, his hobbies and alike, then in this context he is saying he goes to church. But if you just asked him what he will do on the weekend, then in answer to your question he is telling you what he will be doing.
  • 8. Time expressions • Time expressions are also another way of differentiating future action from habitual action Watashi wa ashita kyoukai e ikimasu means he will go tomorrow Watashi wa maishuu Nichiyoubi kyoukai e ikimasu means he goes to church every Sunday.