1. The science of nutrition
historically has been based
on the nutrients found in
food.

2. • Nutrients are the chemical substances
supplied by food that the body needs for
growth, maintenance and repair.

3. • Carbohydrates
• Protein
• Fat
• Minerals
• Vitamins
• Water

4. • Serve as a source of energy or heat
• Support the growth and maintenance
of tissue
• Aid in the regulation of basic body
process

5. • Carbohydrate is an organic compound
that consists only of carbon, hydrogen and
oxygen, usually with a hydrogen: oxygen
atom ratio of 2:1.
• 1gram of carbohydrate give 4 kcal

6. • GLUCOSE :Sweets, Small amounts in some fruits and vegetable
• FRUCTOSE :Fruits, Honey
• GALACTOSE :Milk sugar, Yogurt
• STARCH :Cereals, Breads, Pasta, Starchy vegetables, Legumes.
• SUCROSE :Cane sugar , Beet sugar
• MALTOSE :Cereal grains( Barley, Jower , Ragi )
• LACTOSE :Milk of all mammals
• GLYCOGEN :Liver and muscle tissue

7. • Provide fuel.
• Spare body prorein
• Help prevent ketosis
• Enhance learning and memory process.

8. • Dietary fiber refers to foods, mostly from
plants, that the human body cannot
breakdown to digest.

9. • Soluble dietary fiber
• Insoluble dietary fiber

10. • Soluble fiber dissolves in water.
• Insoluble fiber does not dissolve in water.

11. • Oatmeal
• Oat bran
• Barley
• Some fruit such as apple
• Broccoli
• Citrus fruit

12. • Wheat bran
• Corn bran
• Vegetables
• Nuts
• Fruit skin
• Some dry beans

13. • May help reduce cholesterol levels
• May assist in regulating blood sugar level
• May promote Weight loss

14. • Promotes regularly
• May help reduce risk of some forms of
cancer.

15. • Fats are usually having three fatty acids
joined with a glycerol.
• Fats are insoluble in water , but soluble in
chloroform and benzene.
• The ratio of hydrogen and oxygen is
generally much higher in water and
carbohydrates.
• 1gram of fat give 9.3 kcal.

17. Soya bean oil, Corn oil, Safflower oil
Canola oil,Walnuts,Flaxseed,Fish

18. • Fat is an important source of calories.
• Fat provides the structural components for brain’s cell
membranes.
• Fats play an important role in the absorption of fat-
soluble vitamins such as vitamins A,D,K.
• Fat is required for every cell membranes.
• Fatty food stays longer in the stomach and prevents
hunger soon after meals.

19. • Essential fatty acid are acids that humans and
other animals must ingest because the body
requires them for good health but can not
synthesize them.
• Essential fatty acids are lenolenic acid and
lenoleic acid.

20. • Proteins are composed of
carbon,hydrogen,hydrogen and oxygen.
• Sometimes phosphorus,sulphur,iron and
iodine from part of the protein
molecule, but nitrogen is the element that
distinguishes proteins from carbohydrates
and fats.
• 1 gram protein give 4.1 kcal.

21. • Growth and maintenance of tissue
• Development of immunity
• Circulation of blood and nutrients
• Provision of structure

22. • Essential amino acid is an amino acid that cannot be
synthesized by the organism, and therefore must be a
supplied in the diet.
• Essential amino acid are
• i)Histidine ii)Isoleucine iii)Leucine
• Iv)Lysine v)Methionine vi)Phenylalanine
• Vii)Threonine viii)Tryptophan ix)Valine

23. 4/22/13
The food pyramid is an
excellent tool to help you
make healthy food
choices. you choose
from a variety of foods
so you get the all
nutrients.

24. 4/22/13
At the base of the food pyramid, you can see the group
that contains breads,grains,cereals and pastas.
These foods provide complex carbohydrates, which are
an important source of energy, especially for a low fat
meal.
You can take 6-11serving of these food per day.
One serving of this group can be:
1 slice of bread
½ cup of rice, cooked cereal or pasta
1 cup of ready to eat cereal

25. • Fruits and vegetables are rich in nutrients. Many are
excellent sources of vitamin A, vitamin C, folate or
Potassium.
• They are low in fat and sodium and high in fiber.
• The Food Pyramid suggests 3 to5 serving of vegetables
each day.
• One serving of vegetables can be:
• 1 cup of raw leafy vegetables
• ½ cup of other vegetables, cooked or raw
• 3/4cup of vegetable juice
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26. The Food Pyramid suggests 2-4 servings of fruit
each day.
 One serving of fruit can be
 One medium Apple, Orange, Cooked or
Canned fruit
 ¾ cup of fruit juice.
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27. Meat, poultry and fish supply protein, iron and zinc. Nonmeat
foods such as dried peas and beans also provide many of these
nutrients.
The Food Pyramid suggests 2-3 serving of cooked meat, fish or
poultry.
The following foods count as one serving
 One egg
 2 tablespoons of peanut butter
 ½ cup cooked dry beans
 1/3 cup of nuts
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28.  Products made with milk provide protein and
vitamins and minerals, especially calcium.
 The food pyramid suggests 2-3 serving each
day.
 If you are breastfeeding, pregnant a teenager or
a young adult age 24 or under , try to have 3
serving.
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29.  The foods at the top of the food pyramid
should be eaten sparingly because they provide
calories but not much in the way of nutrition.
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