Gender sensitive climate-smart agricultural practices by Patti Kristjanson 2014
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This presentation was held by Patti Kristjanson, Linking Knowledge with Action Research Theme Leader. The presentation was for the Gender and Climate-Smart Agriculture FAO/MICCA Online Learning Event, January 2014. Learn more about our gender work: www.ccafs.cgiar.org/gender
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Gender sensitive climate-smart agricultural practices by Patti Kristjanson 2014
- 1. N. Palmer Gender sensitive climate-smart agricultural practices Patti Kristjanson Linking Knowledge with Action Research Theme Leader Agenda for Gender and Climate-Smart Agriculture FAO/MICCA Online Learning Event, January 2014 1
- 2. Introduction CCAFS - 15 international agricultural research centers (CGIAR) + global environmental change (Future Earth) research communities + their many and diverse partners • 5 regions and 20 countries • Farm to regional level + global level Research on: • climate smart agricultural practices • climate information services and climateinformed safety nets • low emissions agricultural development • policies and institutions for climate-resilient food systems K.Trautmann ccafs.cgiar.org 2
- 3. CCAFS Gender Impact Pathway Targeting women, youths and other vulnerable groups in agricultural research for development increases the likelihood of achieving the gender outcome we are seeking: Empowerment of women and marginalised groups, through increased access to and control over productive assets, inputs, information, food and markets, and strengthened participation in decision-making processes As well as our food security and poverty-related outcomes!! For more information on CCAFS gender research questions and approaches: http://www.slideshare.net/cgiarclimate/ccafs-the-gender-outcome-challenge-patti-kris 3
- 4. Linking Knowledge with Action Strategies for Achieving Outcomes Climate smart agriculture means transformative changes in agricultural practices!! Social learning approaches are key: • facilitated iterative processes of working together, in interactive dialogue • involves knowledge exchange, learning, action, reflection and on-going partnership • spreading change through networks and systems World Bank Learn more at: http://ccsl.wikispaces.com/ ccafs.cgiar.org/gender 4
- 5. Gender & CSA-focused research: Examples of innovative approaches New ICT/communication-based partners & approaches for achieving scale: Farm reality TV show targeting and informing millions of women, men and youths on CSA technologies across East Africa Testing mobile-phone based equitable ag advisory services Improved climate and ag information services targeted at women Participatory farmer-led videos giving farmers a chance to share their perceptions, knowledge and adaptation strategies for a changing climate shambashapeup.com 5
- 6. Gender and CSA-focused research examples, cont’d Testing new large-scale, inclusive crowdsourcing approaches re: technology and agricultural practice needs and impacts M&E: Training in impact pathway analysis and M&E strategies with partners, including gender impact pathways Capacity strengthening in new gender approaches and analysis with development partners IWMI 6
- 7. Improved Gender-CC research methods FAO/CCAFS jointly developed qualitative gender tools that were implemented in CCAFS sites in Uganda, Ghana and Bangladesh CCAFS gender & social Learning expert has been refining and testing these methods and producing a field manual for use by development partners http://www.fao.org/climatechange/micca/gender/en/ 7
- 8. Improved Gender-CC research methods Plot-level intra-household gender/CSA survey: Examining gender differentials in: • assets, information, empowerment in decision-making • agricultural practices enhancing climate resilience • perceptions and values shaping adaptation choices • labour demands of CSA technologies (often higher for women) CCAFS/IFPRI/ILRI intra-household survey and training materials: http://thedata.harvard.edu/dvn/dv/CCAFSbaseline 8
- 9. Research to address ‘what are gender-sensitive CSA practices?’ Still many research and evidence gaps here!! Requires both qualitative and quantitative approaches Research questions should precede choice of method(s) CCAFS is doing the same surveys across diverse ag systems/regions to try to address this challenge – just what are CSA practices, where, why and for whom? N. Palmer 9
- 10. Some initial findings Women are receiving significantly less information on agricultural practices and climate/weather across Africa and S. Asia Bringing together Meteorological Services, Extension, Researchers & NGO’s/practitioners around improved climate services can enhance adaptive capacity and resilience of vulnerable people A. Tall ccafs.cgiar.org 10
- 11. Some initial findings, cont’d In 2 regions of Kenya, we found: There is still a very low awareness, and often significantly lower awareness of women than of men, of many water-conserving and soil enhancing agricultural practices that will help build climate resilience (along with other livelihood benefits) Reboot 11
- 12. Some findings, cont’d However, once aware, women are just as likely, or more likely to adopt CSA practices as men Such as: water harvesting, agroforestry, crop residue mulching, composting, manure management, drought/heat/flood tolerant varieties, minimum tillage and cover cropping (conservation ag practices) But, institutional (e.g. property rights) and market-related constraints are still restrictive in many places See also: IFPRI’s gender in ag resources: gaap.ifpri.info ifpri.org/book9075/ourwork/program/weai-resourcecenter V. Atakos 12
- 13. Resources Summary of CCAFS gender research and links to FAO-CCAFS gender-CC qualitative tools: http://ccafs.cgiar.org/gender-and-climate-change#.Uu0_TfbVV50 CSA and gender policy brief: http://www.worldagroforestry.org/downloads/publications/PDFS/PB13013.PDF Making climate services gender-sensitive: http://ccafs.cgiar.org/blog/showing-how-climate-services-can-work-smallholderfarmers#.Uu6gf_bVV50 CSA success stories: http://ccafs.cgiar.org/research-highlight/climate-smart-agriculture-improving-livesmillions-heres-how#.Uu08ZPbVV50 CCAFS/IFPRI/ILRI intra-household survey and training materials: http://thedata.harvard.edu/dvn/dv/CCAFSbaseline Description of tool to determine extent of viable cultivation with CC: http://ccafs.cgiar.org/blog/looking-beyond-agriculture-help-create-resilient-smallholderfarms#.Uu09nPbVV50 ccafs.cgiar.org/gender 13
Notas do Editor
- CCAFS – global program on climate change, agriculture and food securityWorking closely with gov’ts, NARES, NGO’s, farmer org’s, universities, private sector partners in 5 regions and 20 countries, farm to regional level + global levelVision: get agriculture into global, national and regional climate change dialogues, and climate change into food security strategies at all these levelsExamine the synergies and trade-offs between adaptation, mitigation and food security. Check out our website for more information on this highly dispersed program and our core team based at various CG centers and Universities across the world.
- One of our pathways to impact is envisioned to be a ‘gender pathway’ where we explicitly target women, youths, indigenous peoples, etc to help achieve the outcome stated here. We also see this as critical for achieving our other outcomes regarding improved food security and less poverty in the countries where we work (and beyond).
- How the research is done matters – a lot! CCAFS is embracing social learning approaches. with a diverse range of partners. Social learning approaches help facilitate knowledge sharing, joint learning and co-creation experiences between particular stakeholders around a shared purpose taking learning and behaviour change beyond the individual to networks and systems. We are pursuing strategies to ensure new knowledge leads to actions that enhance food security – strategies that include open access K-sharing, capacity strengthening and innovative engagement and communication approaches.
- Linking K with A strategies: We are pursuing strategies to ensure new knowledge leads to actions that enhance food security – strategies that include open access K-sharing, capacity strengthening and innovative engagement and communication approaches.
- Sibyl Nelson mentioned these participatory research approaches and training manual in the first presentation of this webinar, so I won’t go into details. These participatory tools such as
- A survey built upon IFPRI’s WEAI (Women’s Empowerment in Agriculture Index) work with USAID. A man and woman within (most) households are asked the same questions separately. Good for delving into differences in thinking and actions that help people deal with lots of changes, including a changing climate. Preliminary results of this work and other research by IFPRI and ILRI shows cases where CSA practices increase women’s workloads, as the work involved in new practices falls on them (e.g. carrying water for zero grazing dairy, or watering crops from harvested rainwater) with other work (e.g. housework) not decreasing.
- e.g. improved seasonal forecasts and practical advice on how to use them (e.g. what to plant when the rains come late)
- Initial results from a CCAFS-IFPRI-ILRI intra-hh gender and CC study in 4 countries are generating some badly needed evidence re: gender and CSA issues. The survey and training materials are available online and the data will also be freely available later this year.
- So enhancing awareness and gender-targeted training on improved agricultural practices should make a difference. But its not just about technologies; institutions and policies are still not supporting smallholders, particularly women, enough. Governments are not doing what they should be. Lack of strong rights over land and other resources (e.g. trees) by women remains a big constraint to adoption.