This document provides an annual progress report for a project aimed at strengthening climate change adaptation in Ethiopia's agriculture sector. The project seeks to form partnerships between climate and agriculture institutions to mainstream climate adaptation, develop tools to monitor progress, assess vulnerabilities, create adaptation policies and practices, and build institutional capacity. Key accomplishments so far include establishing partnerships, training 58 researchers as focal points, raising awareness through workshops, developing monitoring tools, mapping vulnerabilities, and initiating on-farm adaptation experiments. Moving forward, the project will continue building capacity, disseminating research, and supporting the integration of climate adaptation in agriculture policies and practices in Ethiopia.

1. Making Ethiopian Agriculture Climate
Resilient: Towards Networking and
Coordination to Mainstream Climate Change
Adaptation into Food Security and Sustainable
Development
Annual Performance Report for the period June 2010 – May 2011
Submitted to: The Rockefeller Foundation
Agreement No.: 2010 CLI304
Submitted by: The Biometrics, GIS and Agro meteorology Research Process
Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research (EIAR)
Date of report submission: August 29, 2011

2. Table of Contents
1. Executive Summary………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….............1
2. Introduction ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….2
2.1 Project overview…….………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….2
2.2 Anticipated climate change impact on Ethiopian agriculture……………………………………………………………..2
2.3 Project vision……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..4
2.4 Project goal ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….………………………………4
2.5 Project objectives………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………4
3. Progresses: Major outputs and outcomes…………………………………………………………………………………………..4
3. 1 Project Ramp up………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………4
3.2 Project Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) Tool: The Logical Framework approach………………………5
3.2.1 Preamble to monitoring and evaluation………………………………………………………………………………………..5
3.2.2 Project outputs framing…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………6
3.3 Baseline data on partner institutions: power mapping with respect to CCA mainstreaming…………..17
3.4 Communication system and tools for the consortium …………………………………………………………………….17
3.5 Tools for CCA mainstreaming………………………………………………………………………………………………………….18
3.5.1 Project level Climate Change Adaptation Mainstreaming Tool…………………………………………………….18
3.5.2 Higher Learning Institute level entry point for mainstreaming CCA……………………………………………..18
3.5.3 Famer training center level entry point for mainstreaming CCA…………………………………………………..19
3.6 Capacity building trainings………………………………………………………………………………………………………………20
3.7 Documentation of current data handling process and national data use policy of NMA………………..20
3.8 Implementation of postgraduate study at Arba Minch University………………………………………………….21
3.9 Procuring and placing climate related physical facilities………………………………………………………………….22
3.10 Installing High Performance Computers (HPCs)……………………………………………………………………………22
3.11 Development and sharing vulnerability mapping with partners…………………………………………………..23

3. 3.12 Sharing the impact analyses results on key crops with partners………………………………………………….23
3.13 Developing and sharing list of adaptation options with partners…………………………………………………23
3.13.1 Holding seminar with key stakeholders…………………………………………………………………………………….23
3.13.2 Participatory selection of crops and varieties……………………………………………………………………………25
3.13.3 Providing a dekadal weather forecast information to farmers and DAs……………………………………26
3.13.4 Information communication tool on seasonal climate prediction and weather forecasting….…27
4. Emerging opportunities………………………………………………………….……………………………………………………….27
5. Lessons learnt and key challenges……………………………………………………………………………………….………….28
6. Next Step…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….………….29
7. Annex……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..30
Annex 1: Number of focal persons by partner institution…………………………………………………………………..30
Annex 2. Terms of Reference (ToR) for focal personnel……………………………………………………………………..30
Annex 3: Structure of M.Sc. study in Climate Change and Development…………………………………………..32
Annex 4: Abstract of the paper entitled <The potential impacts of climate change - maize farming
system complex in Ethiopia: Towards retrofitting adaptation and mitigation options>…………………....33
Annex 5. Abstract of the paper entitled <Towards Mainstreaming Climate Change Adaptation into
Natural Resources Management Research: Key in Food Security Assurance and Sustainable
Development……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..34
Annex 6. Farm level adaptation responses in maize to the highly likely climate change in Ethiopia……35
Annex 7: Poster used for advertising the project ……………………………………………………………………………….36

4. 1. Executive Summary
Owing to its direct reliance on existing local natural resources (soil, water and climate), agriculture
is an open roof business with high sensitivity to climate change that degrades those natural
resources to a varying scope and magnitude. In acknowledging climate change projections of both
increased temperatures along with rainfall alterations in volume and occurrence, climate change
reports specific to Ethiopian are identified to adversely affect the country’s agriculture development
plan. This EIAR-RF collaborative project is initiated in the broad context of the current Ethiopian
ambitious development plan known as ‘Growth and Transformation Plan’ for 2010-2015. Very
recently too, the country has planned for another jump-termed climate resilient green economy
(CRGE) that works trough 2030. Being the first of its kind in Africa, this program is anticipated to
ensure the country’s attainment of the middle income status by 2025, while at the same time
leaving the legacy to the global clean development efforts through better environmental services.
Through the implementation of the project to-date, a number of salient successes have been
achieved from the perspective of the project objectives. With the project ramp up, the briefing of
the State Minister of MoA was followed by a series of awareness raising workshops at key partner
institutions (five research centers, four high schools, three universities, and eight farmer
communities). A total of 822 male and 480 female were participated in the awareness raising
workshops. Further a total of 63 key activities leading towards achieving the five cardinal
objectives were embarked up on. Of these, the capacity building training of 58 researchers and
academicians who are the project focal persons was remarkable. Further, about 36 development
experts, decision makers and development agents have been imparted with the initial training
particularly with respect to the community based adaptation (CBA) for the climate risk
management. Currently, 12 development agents, 44 male and 4 female farmers are participating in
the CBA based experiment. The project also supports institutionalization and accreditation of
climate change courses at four model higher learning universities (Adama, Jimma, Hawassa and
Arba Minch). The same also complements the ongoing coordination role of two climate concerned
institutions; Environmental Protection Authority (EPA) - government agency that coordinates
climate change issues at national level and Climate Change Forum-Ethiopia (CCF-E) - civic society
organization that coordinates climate research and development nationwide. Both EPA and CCF-E
play pivotal roles with respect to linking climate change research and development efforts into
policy and practices. The project outputs have been framed in sequential ways to the purposes
and the goal of the Rockefeller Foundation. In addition, it links to CAADP Pillar IV and MDGs
which is now proposed to play a key financial architecture for effectiveness of the ongoing global
support to the climate adaptation and mitigation efforts in Africa. To start with, the baseline data
on partner institutions was conducted under the umbrella term ‘power mapping’ with respect to
CCA mainstreaming, so that any change from the baseline could be the product of the project
intervention. For this, effective communication tool has been recently put in place, i.e the website
that makes the construction of agro climate dBase the centre stage, while at the same time ensuring
the agro meteorological data and forecast service provision to the end users (researchers, farmers
and investors). This also forms the best entry points to the much desired climate change adaptation
(CCA) mainstreaming activities at various levels (project level, higher learning institution and
farmers levels), More importantly, the postgraduate study at local university known as Arba Minch
University has been launched through this project and currently four MSc students with
background of meteorology are attending the courses with two years of formative period. The
project team has also mapped the vulnerability and shared the result with partners through various
forums; during which the possible adaptation options were drawn for research purpose.
Collaborative on-farm experimentation is underway with eight FTCs with which climate early
warning information is exchanged every 10 days (termed ‘dekadal’). For this, appropriate
communication tool has been developed.
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5. 2. Introduction
2.1 Project overview
The world today faces the biggest challenges of the 21st century viz., how to feed 9 billion people
by 2050 in the face of climate change under the growing competition for natural resources. This
challenge is even more crucial given that the world has not yet come close to achieving the MDGs
of halving the number of people living in extreme poverty and hunger by 2015. Owing to its direct
reliance on existing local natural resources (soil, water and climate), agriculture is the most
sensitive of all sectors to climate change that degrades those natural resources to a varying scope
and magnitude. Also, farmers engaged in subsistence agriculture are described as being at the
greatest risk to climate change impacts due to: (i) lack of capacity to exert influence and respond to
alterations in their local environment; (ii) dependence on small land holdings that make them
unable to afford agricultural losses. These circumstances, common in Ethiopia, position
subsistence farmers not only as those at the greatest risk to climate change, but those who have the
lowest means available to adjust to environmental change.
Table 1: Truths about current and projected climate change scenario for Ethiopia
2.2 Anticipated climate change impact on Ethiopian agriculture
In acknowledging climate change projections of both increased temperatures along with rainfall
alterations in volume and occurrence, climate change reports specific to Ethiopian agriculture are
summarized (Table 1).
These comprehensive climate change impacts on Ethiopian agriculture are anticipated to be further
exacerbated by the ongoing competing claims for resources between cropping and land
degradation, particularly deforestation and farming on steep slopes. Confronting future climate
change impacts in Ethiopia is therefore no longer an option that it requires new level of thinking
and advanced technologies, for the society to come to terms with anticipated climate change.
It is with this broad context that the EIAR, as one of the key government organs concerned with
climate-agriculture has initiated this time-critical project with the financial support of The
Rockefeller Foundation (RF). The objective of The RF is to ensure the ability of poor and
vulnerable smallholder African farmers in a changing climate. The RF’s strategy includes assisting
national agricultural research and development programs, testing interventions that could be
implemented more extensively through Africa in general and in the wake of changing climate in
particular. Developing the necessary scientific evidence and policy environment, as well as
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6. building institutional capacity to maintain, increase and improve African farmers own agricultural
production, despite the changing climate also forms the central concern of RF.
This EIAR-RF collaborative project is initiated in the broad context of the current Ethiopian
ambitious development plan known as ‘Growth and Transformation Plan’ for 2010-2015. The
first and cost effective entry point involves redefining of ongoing government funded research and
development projects to expand them to include climate change issues than strategizing for a
standalone climate proof development plans. Envisioning any new research and development
projects to take climate as a variable will be the second entry point. The project also supports
institutionalization and accreditation of climate change courses at four model higher learning
universities (Adama, Jimma, Hawassa and Arba Minch). Farmers Training Centers (FTCs) are also
key partners, where the output of the project (be as it may research finding or indigenous) will be
verified before further scaling up. The project also supports and strengthens the ongoing
coordination role of two climate concerned institutions; Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), a
government agency that coordinates climate change issues at national level and Climate Change
Forum-Ethiopia (CCF-E), a civic society organization. Both EPA and CCF-E will play pivotal
roles with respect to linking climate change research and development efforts into policy and
practices towards the establishment of the government institution that coordinates climate change
efforts economy-wide.
Table 2: Summary impacts of climate change on Ethiopian agriculture
Highly likely impact Consequences of the likely impacts
Increased likelihood of Drought and flood cycles are anticipated to occur at shorter intervals of
Droughts and Floods every 3-5 years
Increased likelihood of crop damage and/or failure due to short and
intense rainfall events
Heat buildup in crop plants, resulting in prematurity; thus increasing
risk of reduction in yield quality and quantity
Heat buildup in animals, resulting in reduced feeding habit and low
resource use efficiency; thus increasing risk of reduction in yield quality
and quantity
Increased Risk of Soil Higher temperatures increases evaporation and soil moisture loss, thus
Erosion and Emission of damage in soil structure and increasing risk of wind erosion
Green House Gases High intensity, short season duration rainfall events increases the
(GHGs)
likelihood of water erosion
Increased emission of green houses gases (CO2 at large) to the
atmosphere due to deforestation, resulting in reduced agricultural system
productivity
Shift in rainfall Pattern Belg (short rain) decline; shift from bimodal to monomodal in central,
(onset and cessation southern and southeastern Ethiopia
dates, amount, intensity, Shortened length of growing season for meher (long rain), mainly for long
number of rainy days, cycle ones
length of growing season Extended dry spell during crop critical growth stages increases risk of crop
and extent of dry spells) yield reduction and crop failure
Decline in water Reduced ground water recharge due to shortened duration of rainfall and
availability decrease in levels of perennial streams
Overall limitation to irrigation (ground / surface supply) and yield potential
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7. 2.3 Project vision
To witness the positive contribution of the EIAR-RF project towards Ethiopia’s desire to attain
middle income status by 2025, through reducing the negative effects of climate change on
agriculture and livelihoods.
2.4 Project goal
To strengthen climate change adaptation mainstreaming among climate-agriculture sectors through
improved networking and the provision of adaptation advice for improved policy decisions and
practices. The system will develop a methodological framework for mainstreaming and
coordinating the network in climate change adaptation.
2.5 Project objectives
To form a consortium that ensures networking among climate and agriculture institutions
for mainstreaming climate change adaptations;
To develop a standard methodological tool for monitoring progresses from mainstreaming
of CCA and sustain the impact beyond the project life
To assess vulnerability (social, economic, environmental) and map impacts
To create relevant climate risk adaptation policies and practices suited to effective
networking
To develop institutional capacity for technology dissemination, uptake and impact pathways
to enhance climate change adaptations
3. Progresses: Major outputs and outcomes
3. 1 Project Ramp up
The project ramp up that formed an entry point to the CCA mainstreaming was conducted by
visiting and debriefing of the project purposes and objectives to the partner institutions and higher
officials, primarily the State Minister of MoA at his office. After the debriefing, the minister firstly
has expressed his appreciation for such a broad based collaboration, as well its strong link with the
country’s long aspired development plan and secondly, he gratefully acknowledged the
chairmanship position offered to him.
The second visit was paid to the CCF-E, an umbrella civic organization that strives to bridge the
fragmented climate related research and development projects at national level. It was agreed that
all activities related to awareness raising on CCA mainstreaming, policy and strategy aspects
would be addressed through the CCF-E. From the universities, an effective relationship was
established with Arba Minch University, at which climate science courses are offered for degree
award. The other key partner is the National Meteorology Agency (NMA); a power house not only
for provision of seasonal forecasts, but also for knowledge in climate science. Currently a tripartite
activity is underway among NMA-MoA and EIAR. The NMA, despite existing challenges has a
fairly strong agrometeorological advisory service unit that can substantially contribute to the
success of the project. Overall, about 42 focal personnel have been identified (annex 1) which was
followed by trainings and drawing of terms of reverence (TOR) that brought all the focal personnel
on board and with which communication and c0-working pursued (annex 2). This was then
followed by a series of awareness raising workshops among partner institutions, including the preparatory
and secondary schools (Table 3).
To close the loop of chain of partners, ten farmers training centers (FTCs) have been identified, for
which the corresponding level of institutional capacity has been recorded to serve as a baseline for
measuring changes after intervention.
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8. Table 3 : Summary of Awareness raising workshops conducted at different project partner institutions
Number of
Date
No Institution participants
Conducted
Male Female
1 Melkassa Research Center 200 70 Jan 3-7, 2011
2 Forestry Research Center 70 30 Feb 1-5, 2011
3 Debrezeit Research Center 95 55 Feb 28 –Mar 4,2011
4 Holeta Research Center 103 57 Apr 11-15, 2011
5 Kulumsa Research Center 74 26 May 23-28, 2011
6 Andenet Secondary School (Asela) 90 82 May 30-31,2011
7 Chilalo Terara Secondary School (Asela) 100 78 May 30-31,2011
8 Hawas Preparatory School (Adama) 50 50 June 1-2, 2011
9 St. Joseph Preparatory School (Adama) 40 32 June 1-2, 2011
Total 822 480
3.2 Project Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) Tool: The Logical Framework
approach
3.2.1 Preamble to monitoring and evaluation
Evidence is clear that Ethiopia urgently needs to find more comprehensive adaptation strategies to
build new resilience, despite anticipated climate risks. This also points to the wake-up call to
engage in trust building and forming a genuine partnership towards strong institutional capacity to
sustain gains in CCA across partner institutions. This also needs mainstreaming of CCA into their
core businesses. Thus, mainstreaming will require a shared understanding among policy makers-
sector officials- agriculture professionals and local practitioners.
The development of methodological framework/tool is to better understand the scope of the
indicator variables and data collection that permits to sustain the new system beyond the project
life. This also demands for examination of the current status and drawing of working conceptual
framework within and among the participating institutions. This allows improving reliability of
resulting information and statistics, while also ensuring the sustainability and a dynamic building
on existing and new CCA activities in project partner institutions. At the end of the project period,
adjustments (institutional, capacity building, frequency of data collection) and improvements in
data services and exchange must be improved. A set of core indicators for monitoring the CCA
mainstreaming even beyond the project life are given in Table 4 and 5.
Among many others, logical framework (LFW) approach has been adopted to ensure effective and
performance based M & E of the project outputs. Firstly, process monitoring refers to checking the
progress of an intervention for timely adjustments of early mistakes or to capitalize on potential
early gains, while process evaluation is a periodic reflection on direction, challenges, successes,
implication for design and implementation of the physical activities and the financial performance.
Secondly, ex-post evaluation (after project cycle ends) assesses the impact, effectiveness,
efficiency, relevance and sustainability of an intervention. Indeed, the primary purpose of M&E
tool in this project context is to facilitate improvement by focusing towards the explicitly valued
directions; eg. what do we really want to achieve and how will we produce more of it?, as well as to
contribute to summative evaluation through providing information about unexpected outputs
concerning best case, expected and worst case scenario/stories from the project.
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9. This LFW tool is indeed, the result of a thorough review of the project document and discussion
with stakeholders and project partners. The plan specifically draws on clear strategy (roadmap) and
tactics that define and describe the expected level of outputs across the implementation process and
periodic targets towards achievement of the impact. It defines the performance indicators, clearly
showing the value of each monitoring indicator data collection, quality checking, analyses and
reporting. The outputs are the same as those in the original project document and the indicators
have been modified to make them more precise, adequate and valid.
• By whom? • How it is done?
– Rockefeller Monitoring
– Traveling at identified
Foundation the growth stages
progress
– Project Mgt Team and – Periodical progress
– Principal attainment review meetings
of:
Investigator – Field days
Need to have – Informal/formal
clearly defined roles feedback from farmers
Agreed
and responsibilities Activities, and partners
for accountability Milestones,
– Final workshop
Outputs,
Outcomes – Final Report
Figure 1: Simplified schema of process monitoring and evaluation in the project
3.2.2 Project outputs framing
The project framework stitches the outputs in sequential ways to the purposes and the goal of the
Rockefeller Foundation. In addition, it links to CAADP Pillar IV and MDGs (Table 1) which is
now proposed to play a key financial architecture for effectiveness of the ongoing global support to
the climate adaptation and mitigation efforts in Africa.
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10. Table 4: Logical Framework of the project
Narrative summary Objectively verifiable indicators Means of Verification Important assumptions
(external forcing)
Goal of Rockefeller Foundation in the project
context
Enhance sustainable growth and resilience to climate
change
Purpose/Objective
Ensure the ability of poor and vulnerable
smallholder African farmers in a changing
climate.
Outputs
1. A Consortium that ensures networking for 1.1. Number of Temporary Focal Personnel reporting • Conceptual framework of the • Political goodwill
mainstreaming climate change adaptation (CCA) directly to the DG of EIAR consortium continues to be
1.2. Number of office space set up/strengthened
• Reports by Focal Persons at the DG supportive
1.3 Number of Climate Change Consultant recruited..Girma
Office and submitted to the Donor • Financial expenditure
1.4 Number of project staff recruited at identified
institutions • Workshop/seminar report system remains
conducive
1.5 Project sensitization workshop and conference (for • Financial and physical progress
research staff, national and international level) reports
1.6 Number of sensitized staff working for partner institutions • Facilities placed in office
1.7 List of minimum facilities procured and placement
2. A standard framework/tool of monitoring 2.1 Direction/trend of government annual • Annual budget appropriation • Smooth collaboration
progresses towards ensuring continuity financial appropriation/investment for CCA in registry of MoFED for CCA among partner
/sustainability of networking and CCA impact
agriculture • Publications in reputed journals institutions
through and beyond the project life
2.2 Number of trained and high caliber climate researchers • List of models acquired and updated • CCA in agriculture
working on CCA with time continue receiving
2.3 Number of attendant partner institutions to the policy-science-
• Number of partners engaged in
CCA related global knowledge, methods and models technology-academics
acquiring and updating the models
(software) brokering and use in climate research system development interface
• Research Directory support
2.4 Level of facilities (hardware) for using in climate • Updated Course Directory
research and development system in partner institutions
2.5 Award of certificate to graduated institution and
research centers in mainstreaming CCA into their core
7

11. businesses at the end of the project
2.6 Award of graduation certificate, marking the
sustainability of the genuine partnership among partner
institutions beyond the project life.
2.7 Number of government financed ongoing research
projects re-examined to include CCA by core research
processes
2.8 Annual number of new research projects involving CCA.
2.9 Number of MSc students graduated in CCA stream or
department at Arba Minch university
3. Vulnerability (social, economic, environmental) 3.1. Number of reviewed global climate change model • Project progress reports • Interest in scientific
and impacts maps....Prof. Mark Jury (GCMs) outputs.
• Published manuals/guidelines on evidence continued to
3.2 Number of downscaling of selected GCMs outputs to build up
application of CCA and mitigation
specific localities.
techniques/options
. 3.3 Number of more representative model for Ethiopia’s
future climate. • Certificates and post graduates
3.4 Number of CC vulnerability maps degrees
3.5. Number of CC impact disaggregated maps • List of adaptation options at
3.6 Number of improved adaptation options (existing identified institution
technologies and best practices) linked to pilot forecast • Vulnerability maps at respective
product for decisions at identified communities. offices
3.7 Number of localized field testing at identified • Impact maps at respective offices
communities
3.8 Number of improved AEZs map of Ethiopia showing
shifts in climate pattern Ethiopia
3.9 Number of generic CCA guideline/manual.
3.10 Number of researchers trained in and awarded
certificates on climate modelling.
4. CCA policies and strategies suited to effective 4.1 Policy document for proper institutional setting in • Document of governance structure • Government’s long
networking and coordination CCA of government institute that links standing interest and
4.2 Number of national climate risk proof policy/strategy environment and development in commitment in values
documents place. of climate science in
4.3 Number of climate data use policy document • Climate risk management policy research and
4.4 Number of briefings/workshops for policy makers, documents at each partner development
parliamentarians and top management bodies institution.
• Climate data available to users for
rich analyses and information use in
agricultural decisions
• Progress reports
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12. 5. Institutional capacity for improved technology 5.1 Number of researchers trained in climate change • Training Report • Value added chain
dissemination and uptake in place (research, adaptation related research proposal writing
• Research Directory approach honoured at
extension, farming communities 5.2 Number of digitized, and updated data (ground and all levels (research-
remotely sensed) for enriching climate database for • Recorded digitized climate data and
policy-development-
effective data provision service database at NMA
academics-
5.3 Frequency of pilot agriculture tailored forecast products • Extension Department Progress communication scales
provision for improved seasonal agricultural decisions Report showing reduced
at identified farming communities discrepancy between MoARD and
5.4 Number of steps in CCA technology delivery at the CSA data
farmers doorsteps by the National Extension System. • Effective technology and best
5.5 Number of DAs and target farming communities trained practices communication
in climate change risk management pathway/flow document in NARS
5.6 Number of universities at which climate change courses • Number of students enrolled for the
institutionalized and accredited. CCA course
5.7 Number of thesis projects engaging postgraduate
students on CCA (MSc level) in identified universities • Graduates working in the partner
5.8 Number of improved area/yield assessment methods for institutions
crop monitoring and yield estimation • Joint Reports of MoA & CSA on
crops yield and area accounting
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13. Table 5: Performance Monitoring and Evaluation indicator table
Plan Detail Objectively verifiable indicators Baseline End of Project Annual targets
value target
Overall Objective/Goal of Rockefeller 2010/11 2011/12 Responsibility
Foundation
Enhance sustainable growth and resilience
to climate change
Purpose/Objective
Ensure the ability of poor and
vulnerable smallholder African
farmers in a changing climate.
Expected Outputs of the project
1. A Consortium that ensures networking 1.1. Number of Focal Officer reporting directly to the project 6 38 38 All partners
for mainstreaming climate change coordinating office (EIAR)
adaptation 1.2. Number of office space set up/strengthened 6 38 38 All partners
1.3. Number of Climate Change Consultant recruited 0 1 - -
1.4 Project sensitization workshop (for partners, national and 1 3 3 EIAR
international level)
1.5 Number of sensitized staff working for partner institutions 50 2000+ 2000+ EIAR
1.6 Number of project staff recruited at identified institutions 0 12 12 EIAR
1.7 List of minimum facilities procured and placement 0 15 20 5 All partners
2. A standard framework/tool of 2.1 Direction of government annual financial appropriation for 0.5 10 5 5 MoFED
monitoring progresses towards ensuring CCA in agriculture (billion birr)
mainstreaming of CCA on sustainable 2.2 Number of trained researchers/development workers in CCA 10 20 10 10 “”
basis
2.3 Facilities (hardware) for using in climate research and 20 200 90 90 EIAR, NMA,
development system Universities
2.4 Number of attendants of CCA related global knowledge, 0 5 3 2 All institutions
methods and models (software) by partners institution
2.5 Certificate of graduation, marking the formation of genuine and 0 12 12 EIAR
sustainable partnerships among partner institutions in
confronting challenges of climate change beyond the project
period
10

14. 2.6 Certificate of graduation, marking the success in mainstreaming 1 36 - 36 “
of CCA into core businesses of the research institutions and
research centres at the end of the project period
2.7 Number of government financed ongoing research projects re- 5 20+ 7+ 8+ EPA, NMA,
examined to include CCA by core research processes. NARS
2.8 Annual number of new research projects involving CCA. 1 31+ 10+ 20+ NARS, NMA,
universities, high
schools
2.9 Number of MSc students graduated in CCA stream at Arba 0 6 - 6 EIAR, universities
Minch university.
3. Vulnerability (social, economic, 3.1 Number of reviewed global climate change model (GCMs) 1 26 25 NMA,NARS,
environmental) and impacts maps outputs Universities, CCF-
E
3.2. Number of CC vulnerability maps at national/regional scale 0 26 26 -, “”
3.3 Number of CC disaggregated impact maps at national/regional 0 3 1 2 ‘’
scale
3.4 Number of downscaling of selected GCMs outputs to specific 0 26 26 - ‘’
localities
3.5 Number of downscaled models more realistically representing 0 3 3 - ‘’
Ethiopia’s future climate
3.6 Number of improved AEZs map of Ethiopia showing shifts in 0 2 2 2 NARS,NMA,
climate pattern over Ethiopia CCF-E, MoARD,
Universities
3.7 Number of improved adaptation options (crops/livestock, 0 10 - 10 NARS, NMA,
forestry ) piloted with forecast product for decisions at Universities
identified FTCs (farming communities)
3.8 Number of localized field testing at identified FTCs 0 10 - 10 NARS,NMA,
3.9 Number of generic CCA guideline/manual 0 1 - 1 NARS,NMA,
CCF-E, MoA,
Universities, high
school
3.10 Number of researchers trained in and awarded certificates on 13 73 30 30 NARS, NMA,
climate modelling Universities
4. Climate change adaptation policies and 4.1 Policy document for proper institutional setting in CCA 0 1 1 CCF-E, EPA,
strategies suiting effective networking and developed EIAR, NMA, MoA
coordination 4.2 Number of trainings/policy brief workshops to decision policy 0 2 1 1
makers and parliamentarians
4.3 Number of National Climate risk (drought, flood, frost) 0 1 - 1 “”
management policy and strategy documents
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15. 4.4 Number of climate data use policy and use right document 0 1 1 - NMA, EIAR,
CCF-E, EPA, EPA
5. Institutional capacity for improved 5.1 Number of researchers trained in climate change adaptation 20 200 90 90 NARS,
technology dissemination and uptake related research proposal writing Universities, NMA
in place (research, extension, farming
5.2 Number of ongoing government funded research projects 5 20+ 7+ 8+ NARS,
communities) expanded to include CCA Universities
5.3 Annual number of government funded new research projects 1 31+ 10+ 20+ NARS, NMA,
targeting CCA. universities, high
schools
5.4 Number of digitized, and updated national database for 0 1 1 1 NMA
enriching climate database for effective data provision service
5.5 Frequency of pilot agriculture tailored forecast products 0 8 4 4 NMA,NARS,
provision for improved seasonal agricultural decisions at Universities, MoA
identified farming communities (10 FTCs)
5.6 Number of improved steps in CCA technology delivery at the 0 5 5 NMA,NARS,
farmers doorsteps by the National Extension System. Universities, MoA
5.7 Number of DAs and target farming communities trained in 0 700 400 300 NMA,NARS,
climate change risk management Universities, MoA
5.8 Number of universities at which climate change course 0 3 2 1 EIAR, Hawass,
institutionalized and accredited. Jimma and Assela
Universities
5.9 Number of thesis projects engaging postgraduate students on 0 6 - 6 EIAR
CCA (MSc level) at Arba Minch University.
0 2 2 MoA, NARS,
5.10 Number of improved area/yield assessment methods for crop NMA, Universities
monitoring and yield estimation
12

16. Table 6: Activities: Plan of Action
Activity Quantity 2010 2010/2011 2011/2012
Outp
Jun- Sep-Nov Dec- Mar- Jun- Sep- Dec- Mar-
uts
Aug Feb May Aug Nov Feb May
Establish a detailed table for indicators and the respective data collections (including 1 - - 1
units of measure, frequency, scale etc) that are necessary to build the CCA
mainstreaming indicators (list of variables by institution).
implementation (first report)
Narrate the sources of CCA monitoring indicator data collection for each of the 1 - - 1
General: Entry points to
variables in each of the institutions (List of data sources) and reporting to the
coordination office at the outset
Narrate how the collected information is processed, analyzed and published 1 - - 1
Describe how frequent CCA monitoring indicator data are actually collected (where 1 - - 1
exist) at each institution
Engage in CCA monitoring indicator data collection processes (field/lab 6 - - 1 1 1 1 1 1
measurements/reordering disaggregated and aggregated (No of reports from
each partner institution)
12 11 - 1
1.1 Establish a Consortium of partners (number of members)
Establish a multidisciplinary team of experts/Technical Task Force/Focal personnel 25 25 - -
1.2
(No of members)
1.3 Draw a consortium conceptual framework 1 - 1
1.2 Office space setup (No of office/desk) 34 20 14
1.4 Conduct sensitization workshop 17 13 4
1.5 Release posters, brochures/flyers etc 5 1 - 1 - 1 1 1
1.6 Conduct press conference 3 1 1 1
1.7 Conduct national workshop 1 1
1.8 Conduct international workshop 1 1
1.9 Establish community of best practice (No of FTCs) 10 10
1.10 Advertize position and recruit CC consultant 1 1
1.11 Advertising positions project staff (No of persons) 12 12
Conduct a comprehensive review and mapping of partner institutions with respect to 6 6
1.12
climate change adaptation (No of partners)
1.13 Develop communication systems/tools for consortium (No of communication tools) 3 2 1
1.14 Complete, updated monitoring and evaluation plan (No of plan document) 1 1
2.1 Pay visit to MoFED and brows websites and other secondary sources (No of visit) 2 1 1
13

17. Keep track/record of direction of government annual financial appropriation for CCA 8 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
2.2
in agriculture (No of government institutions supported/from MoFED)—No of visit
2.3 Conduct training need assessment
Conduct series of training on identified areas (proposal writing, simulation 8 2 2 2 2
2.4
software—No of trainings
2.5 Procurement of facilities(hardware and software)—types 30 6 6 6 6 6
Undertake series of monitoring on frequency of global knowledge and models 6 1 1 1 1 1 1
2.5 obtained, updated and used by partners institutions (research, NMA,
universities)—Frequency of monitoring
Undertake frequent (quarterly basis) monitoring and evaluation of all the partners on 6 1 1 1 1 1 1
2.6
the key success indicators
2.7 Conduct training in CCA related new research proposal writing (No of trainees) 360 20 50 80 80 80 50
Revisiting the ongoing research projects: federal or regional research institutes and 50 15 15 15 5
2.8 academics with a view to expanding to include CCA (No of revisited ongoing
projects)
Making formal communication with Research Processes and revisiting the ongoing 3 1 1 1
2.9
research projects for sensitivity to climate change and making amendments
Participation in review processes and commenting for sensitivity of the new research 3 1 1 1
2.10.1
projects and making amendments with respect to CCA
Accessing the finalized new research proposals through Research Process Directors 3 1 1 1
2.10.2
for comments pertaining to CCA by climate personnel , as well as keep tracking
Communicating with officials at Arba Minch University on the launching of a new 2 2
2.11.1
MSc program in climate change adaptation
Reviewing the existing MSc curriculum on meteorology and climate change and 1 1
2.11.2 designing a new curriculum for masters program in climate change together with
experts from Arba Minch University
Identification of resource persons available locally and internationally for offering the 1 1
2.11.3
designed climate change courses
2.11.4 Accreditation of the program and courses by the University Senate 1 1
Recruit post graduate students to be fully sponsored by the project to study on climate 6 6
2.11.5
change at identified universities (No of students)
Sponsoring financially and support technically the enrolled MSc students for climate 6 6
2.11.6
change proposals relevant to the EIAR-RF project objectives at Arba Minch
Developing research concept notes on CCA and inviting those students enrolled for 15 15
2.11.7
MSc students at relevant universities –No of students
Advise on thesis projects engaging postgraduate students (MSc level) in identified
2.11.8
agricultural universities (Quarter of a year)
Keep track/record of number of trained researchers working in CCA (No of trained 200 50 50 50 50
2.11.9
personnel in climate science)—both short and long terms
Organize a forum to map the sustainable partnership among project partners beyond 2 1 2
2.11.10
the project life (No of forum/workshops).
14

18. Preparation and award of certificate for the project partners for their success in 38 38
2.11.11
mainstreaming CCA into their strategies, programs and projects
Conduct gap analyses in CCA monitoring indicator data generation (eg; seasonal 7 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
climate outlook, data quality assurance, database construction, data use policy etc)
2..12
and data collection frequency for ultimate optimization of efforts on overall scale and
across model institutions (No of quarters)
Describe corresponding solutions to the gaps for future optimization of efforts, 7 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
2.13
including data collection frequency, facilities, knowledge etc (No of quarters)
3.1.1 Undertake reviewing global climate change model outputs (No of models) 26 13 13
3.1.2 Identify most representative GCMs outputs 3 3
Conduct climate analyses/trends from past observations & future scenarios (data 5 3 2
3.2.1
type)
Downscaling of GCMs outputs, using most representative one/s (No of to target 2 1 1
3.2,2
locations representative models)
Draw CC social, economic and environmental vulnerability map to design and 3 2 1
3.3.1
implement community-based adaptation/CBA (No of vulnerability maps)
Map climate change disaggregated impacts on Ethiopian agriculture using simulation 3 2 1
3.3.2
modeling tools (No of impact maps)
Identify alternative adaptation options (crops/livestock, forestry) piloted with forecast 20 6 6 6 2
3.4
product for decisions at a target place and period (No of adaptation options)
3.5 Con duct ground truth verification survey at selected farming zones
Localized field testing of the model outputs at selected farming zones (No of 20 6 6 6 2
3.6
localized field testing)
Collect data, analyze and develop AEZs map showing shifts in climate pattern over 1 1
3.7
Ethiopia (No of map)
3.8 Produce generic CCA guideline/manual (No of manuals) 1 1
3.9 Conduct training of relevant researchers on GCMs modelling (No of trainings) 10 2 2 2 2 2
Undertake gap analyses on agricultural research policy of the country (No of sources 3 1 1 1
4.1
of information)
Scoping the existing Agricultural Research Policy document to include the CCA (No 1 0.5 0.5
4.2
of document)
4.3 Scoping the existing Agricultural Research Strategy document to include CCA 1 0.5 0.5
Conduct awareness raising workshops and trainings for policy makers (No of 3 1 1 1
4.4
trainings)
Building on the ongoing national CCA and mitigation policy document, including 2 1 1
4.5 governance structure of the new government coordination office (Time
quarters)
Building on the ongoing national CCA and mitigation strategy document for 2 1 1
4.6
implementation (Quarter of a year)
Building on the ongoing national climate risk (drought, flood, frost) management 2 1 1
4.7
policy document (Quarter of a year)
15

19. Building on the existing national climate risk (drought, flood, frost) management 2 1 1
4.8
strategy document (Quarter of a year)
Documentation of current data handling process by National Meteorology Agency 1 1
4.9
(No of document)
Conduct gap analyses on climate data use policy and operational guideline (time 2 1 1
4.10
quarter)
4.11 Building on the existing data use policy framework 1
Conduct training for the existing Extension System in climate change risk 200 40 40 40 40 40
5.1
management (No of trainees)
Conduct training for target farming communities in climate change risk management 500 100 100 100 100 100
5.2
(No of trainees)
Conduct gaps analyses for delivery of technology and best practices against the 7 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
5.3 existing extension and comparison in the face of the changing climate (No of
thought of methods in technology extension)
Document alternative adaptation options (crops/livestock, forestry) piloted with 20 6 6 6 2
5.4
forecast product for decisions at a target place and period (No of adaptation options)
5.5 Con duct ground truth verification survey at selected farming zones
Piloting seasonal climate outlook, weather forecasting for identified community based 5 3 2
5.6
adaptation (CBA) (Number of climate forecast)
Conduct seasonal climate outlook product validation scheme at NMA and measure 7 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
5.7 values therein with respect to agricultural decisions at specific localities (No of
forecast validation)
5.8 Suitability mapping of high value crops (Number ) 4 2 2
5.9 Pilot soil water balance study in relation to changing climate at least at two one centre 2 1 1
Prepare new CCA methods and models that fits into the existing national technology 5 2 2 1
5.10
extension architecture (No of new models and methods)
Localized field testing of the model outputs at selected farming zones (No of 20 6 6 6 2
5.11
localized field testing)
5.12 Redefine the conceptual framework of NMA-Research-Extension-Farmers landscape
5.13 Conduct pilot survey and analyses on area/yield for major crops (No of survey) 1 1
Pilot monitoring of major food security crops using identified tools (eg; LEAP, 5 1 1 1 1 1
5.14
PHYGRO) (Quarter of a year) and remote sensing services
Pilot crop yield estimation of major food security crops using identified tools (eg; 2 1 1
5.15
LEAP) (No of crops attended)
Analyse and account for gaps between actual/farmers yields, research 2 1 1
5.16 results/experimental and potential/biological maximum yields for major crops and
selected farming zones (No of trials)
Develop improved methods on area/yield for data quality assurance (No of improved 2 2
5.17
methods)
Report writing (quarterly, semi annual and annual) (No of reports) 14 1 2 1 3 1 2 3 1
izatio
Final
Convening final workshop (Once-off) 1 1
n
Publication of project outputs/proceedings (No of copies) 200 200
16

20. 3.3 Baseline data on partner institutions: power mapping with respect
to CCA mainstreaming
Baseline data that describing the current position of each of the partners has been collected
through dispatching a relevant questionnaire to each of the participating institutions that
helped for power mapping ‘who is doing what’ with respect to CCA. The analyses shows,
none of the partners, except EIAR, NMA and Arba Minch University have structured climate
change units at any level. Adama, Jimma and Hawassa Universities have some courses in few
streams of their undergraduate programs. Oromiya Agricultural Research Institute has
employed three junior meteorologists and one GIS specialist, while it has no single project on
CCA. The Southern and Amhara Agricultural Research Institutes have also employed one
graduate meteorologist each, with one climate related research activity. The Tigray Institute
of Agricultural Research has neither climate change project nor climate man in its system.
The pilot high school and preparatory schools have ‘Environmental Clubs/Scouts’ in which
climate change issues has been treated very marginally.
3.4 Communication system and tools for the consortium
Different communication tools like the EIAR website, mobile phone, and RANET have been
used in the communication process. Very recently, an independent web based
Agrometerological database management system and advisory service was developed with
the full financial coverage by the Rockefeller Foundation and the technical support of the
project team (the home page is attached below).
A webpage was developed with the purpose of easing the chronic challenges embodied in
data scarcity and access, as well as, link the users to the early warning information sources.
In addition, it provides important web links that enhance the use of forecast products from all
over the world; international, regional, national and private forecasters. Included forecast
communities, but not limited to, the International Research Institute for Climate and Society
(IRI), IGAD Climate Prediction and Application Center (ICPAC) and National Meteorology
Agency (NMA) (Figure 2).
In addition to the above communication tools posters, banners, pamphlets and flyers have
been used to announce the official launch of the project as well as to communicate the
findings of the project among key stakeholders. Annex xx shows a poster that has been used
to introduce the project to key stakeholders.
Figure 2: Home page of the webpage
17

21. 3.5 Tools for CCA mainstreaming
Different levels of CCA mainstreaming tools have been identified for use in this project.
These tools include project level, farmers training centers and higher learning institutions
level mainstreaming tools.
3.5.1 Project level Climate Change Adaptation Mainstreaming Tool
This tool focuses on assessing the extent to which projects’ intervention could be influenced
by climate risks and the remedies to manage such risks. It is a seven-step approach for
mainstreaming climate change adaptation into projects and activities undergoing at a research
center or development institutions. It is known as the Climate Vulnerability and Adaptation
(CVA) pathway that follows a development path parallel to the project cycle. Figure 3
illustrates the relationship between the project cycle and the CVA Pathway, and the tools
available to practitioners to complete each step of the project.
Figure 3: Summary of the project level Tools/pathways for mainstreaming CCA
3.5.2 Higher Learning Institute level entry point for mainstreaming CCA
The comprehensive knowledge review reveals that all the three partner agricultural
universities have almost no CCA courses in their curricula. Thus, this tool is designed to help
the universities incorporate CCA courses in their curricula and build their institutional
capacities to offer the courses by own manpower.
18

22. Figure 4: Summary of the higher learning institution level Tools/pathways for mainstreaming CCA
3.5.3 Famer training center level entry point for mainstreaming CCA
Steps Methods Output
Need assessment & FTC selection Background knowledge
gap Identification
Interviews, Seminar, review
of existing documents
Module Preparation of training modules
Training module
Development
Conducting capacity building
trainings for selected DAs &
farmers
Implementation Piloting best bet adaptation
options
Yield improvement
Installation of communication
tools
Timely monitoring success or
M and E
failure using predefined set of Increased success &reduced
performance indicators climate risks
Figure 5: Farmer training center level CCA mainstreaming tool
19

23. 3.6 Capacity building trainings
In Ethiopia, smallholder farmers are operating in a highly variable and complex
environment. Rainfall patterns are irregular, with soil fertility levels showing considerable
variations over short distances. Blanket recommendations regarding fertilizer applications
and choice of variety, sowing date etc. are, therefore, unlikely to be effective. On the other
hand, the cost and time required for development of site specific recommendation are
prohibitive. In such situation, the use of decision support tool may allow cost and time saving
and improve the quality of decision making. In this regard, crop simulation models:
Agricultural Production Systems Simulator (APSIM) and Decision Support System for
Agrotechnology Transfer (DSSAT) are identified as best models while practicing climate
risk management options. Table 7 summarizes those series of capacity building trainings
conducted on scientific paper writing, climate-crop simulation modeling that were imparted
to researchers and academicians drawn from partners.
Table 7: Capacity building training given to the project partners (researchers and academicians)
Training Provided Type of No. of participants Date
course title by participants Male Female conducted
Scientific Melkassa Agricultural Research center Researchers of 15 2
proposal writing (MARC) (Agmet- Researchers) MARC Jun 23, 2010
APSIM Melkassa Agricultural Research center Focal persons 18 3
(MARC) (Agmet- Researchers)
Oct 20-29,2010
DSSAT Melkassa Agricultural Research center Focal persons 18 3
(MARC) (Agmet- Researchers)
Oct 20-29,2010
SDSM Melkassa Agricultural Research center Focal persons 18 3
(MARC) (Agmet- Researchers)
Oct 20-29,2010
Regional climate International center for theoretical Focal persons 10 1
Dec 30 – Jan
modeling using Physics (ICTP)
ICTP’s RegCM4 04, 2010
3.7 Documentation of current data handling process and national data
use policy of NMA
Currently, NMA has more than 1000 meteorological stations, of which 17 are synoptic and
approximately 130 are first class or principal that records all climate elements required for
full range of analyses and modeling. Around 400 stations are third class stations observing
only minimum and maximum temperatures, while the remaining ones are 4th class, recording
only rainfall.
NMA has chosen CLIDATA for its database management using a simple excel sheet, while
some data like relative humidity and wind speed are not computerized yet. The remote
sensing data available at NMA has also not been put to use, while the same institution is the
focal point for reception and application of the remotely sensed data at national level.
At the HQs, NMA possess two operational dedicated systems for the reception of
EUMETCast, one installed by the ESA TIGER Project in 2004, while the other one of more
recent date (2007).The products received are those of the EUMETCast Africa service,
including all twelve METEOSAT channels, Japanese MITSAT images, some MODIS-based
and other NOAA/NESDIS imagery, EUMETSAT meteorological products, the range of
VG4AAFRICA products derived from SPOT VEGETATION and disseminated by VITO as
well as WMO synoptic data for Africa.
20

24. It is mainly the VGT4AFRICA images that are consulted by the agromet team during the
preparation of various reports. None of the Regional Branches of NMA are equipped with a
satellite receiving station or has otherwise access to the imagery. None of the imagery
received is republished in any of the bulletins or on the website of NMA, except for the far
infrared channel of METEOSAT that is featured on the agency’s website and updated several
times each day.
On the other hand, the climate data provision policy of NMA is yet to be analysed from
which useful recommendation would be released shortly.
3.8 Implementation of postgraduate study at Arba Minch University
Arba Minch University (AMU) is one of the partner institutions that had launched a
postgraduate program in meteorology in 2005. However, the program was closed after two
years. Luckily, the advent of the Rockefeller Foundation project has enabled the university to
reinstate the program in its academic curricula through the commutations made with the
project hosting institution (EIAR) and AMU. To this effect, a group of experts drawn from
AMU and EIAR have designed ten courses ( annex 32) that aim at providing advanced study
of the key issues in climate change science and adaptation/mitigation relevant policy
dimension and impact modeling within the development context. The new M.Sc. program
and courses has already been accredited by the University Senate. This has also created an
opportunity for the other interested institutions to train professionals in the field of CCA.
While the initial plan was to train only two MSc students abroad, presently four students are
attending the program under full financial support of the Rockefeller Foundation project for
award of masters degree in ‘Climate Change and Development’ in two years of formative
period. The students have been drawn from different research institutions (two from
Oromiya, one from the Southern Region and one from EIAR). The project is also planning to
sponsor at least the thesis works of 3-5 already registered MSc students in the same
university. For MU too, this will be a golden opportunity to build institutional capacity in the
new program.
The sustainability of the new postgraduate program was a concern for the officials; while the
project hosting institute (EIAR) has confirmed that full support will be provided through the
Rockefeller Foundation project during the years to come,. It was also agreed that the
university itself will promote itself, like through joining the UFORUM to solve risks related
to sustainability. The university has also been advised to open a summer program be it for a
short term training or awarding a degree.
21

25. Figure 6. Partial view of the dialogue between Arba Minch University Officials and EIAR
delegates
3.9 Procuring and placing climate related physical facilities
With the aim of capacitating farmers training centers (FTCs) and also facilitating for easy
exchange of early warning information on seasonal climate prediction and weather
forecasting, the project has planned to install four computers, together with the
communication radio in a RANET system. RANET (Radio and Internet for the
Communication of Hydro-Meteorological Information for Rural Development) is a satellite
based broadcast that utilizes WorldSpace AfriStar and AsiaStar satellites. The unique
advantage of the system for rural applications relates to the simple and inexpensive satellite
receiver. Moreover, the system does not require internet connection to have access to data
and information except for uploading information at the beginning. With no bigger than a
typical personal FM radio is required, the system can be easily installed without any special
support from the trained technician. So far, only two desktop computers have been procured
and only one space radio is spared from the NMA side for the intended purpose. Further
attempt will be made to improve the situation.
3.10 Installing High Performance Computers (HPCs)
Request was made, but not purchased due to administrative reasons
22

26. 3.11 Development and sharing vulnerability mapping with partners
Following the capacity building training on climate change vulnerability mapping and
analyses of its impact on selected food security crops, the principal investigator and the other
two team members have presented a solicited paper on the Third National Maize Workshop
that was recently held in Addis Ababa. Rockefeller Foundation is fully acknowledged for
sponsoring the preparation of the paper entitled ‘The potential impacts of climate change-
maize farming system complex in Ethiopia: Towards retrofitting adaptation and mitigation
options’. For more details see the abstract (Annex 4). The PI of the project has also presented
a solicited paper entitled <Towards Mainstreaming Climate Change Adaptation into Natural
Resources Management Research: Key in Food Security Assurance and Sustainable
Development> at the recently organized Soil and Water Research workshop organized by
EIAR (Annex 5). Full paper can be submitted to the Rockefeller Foundation for further
distribution
3.12 Sharing the impact analyses results on key crops with partners
The impact analyses for maize crop to continue growing under the climate changed future
dates in Ethiopia has been conducted and communicated during the maize workshop
indicated above. We have also planned to distribute among the stakeholders using the newly
developed website. The same procedure is being under use to conduct impact analyses for the
other food security crops (sorghum, wheat, barley and teff) for further publication and
knowledge sharing.
3.13 Developing and sharing list of adaptation options with partners
The adaptation and mitigation options under the most likely future climate change scenarios
has been communicated for maize farming in dryland benchmarks and action sites ( refer
Annex 6).
Acknowledging that climate and weather affect crops through the entire growth cycle, the
Rockefeller Foundation project recognizes the seasonal climate prediction and weather
forecasting as the best adaption option for improved seasonal agricultural decision.
Accordingly, a collaborative (among NMA, EIAR, MoA and FTCs) CBA based adaptation
trial is underway in four districts of the Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia under the title
<Piloting seasonal climate prediction in crop monitoring and yield estimation under
identified community based adaptation (CBA) scheme>. Full processes involved in the
implementation of this research are discussed in the following section. This experimentation
aims at providing early warning (advance) information for improved agricultural production
system on key rainy season variables. Prior to the implementation of this research, the
following activities have been conducted.
3.13.1 Holding seminar with key stakeholders
A seminar was conducted with the aim of introducing the objective of the pilot and arriving at
consensus on how to implement. The long term objective of the pilot was enhancing
agricultural production by encouraging the farming community to use climate outlooks and
weather forecasts in farm level decisions. Local decision makers and experts drawn from the
MoA, NMA and EIAR were in attendance to the seminar that eventually led to formulation of
the treatments for field experimentation (Fig 7).
23

27. From the discussion, it was revealing that potential users do not really understand the
economic benefit of using meteorological information in their day-to-day agricultural
activities, hence there has been low demand for the information and as a result, it was not
possible to value the impact of seasonal climate prediction and weather forecasting
information. For NMA, the provision of such services also raises its visibility in improving
the space-time characteristics of its seasonal climate outlook and weather forecasting
information and provision service.
Figure 7. Partial view of seminar : decsion maker and agricultural exstention experts.
In each of the four project districts, two FTC’s were selected (a total of 8 FTCs) of which one
FTC is assigned to receive both improved technological package plus agrometeorological
information (variable one), while the second FTC is titled to receive only improved
technological package (variable 2) as indicated in Fig 8.
East Showa
zone(Central
Rift Valley
Region)
Ada’a Lome Adama Boset
District District District District
Gunda Kality Deqk FTC Gurma_T Dabe_Den Guraja Digalu_W Tri_Bereti
Gurba FTC (TR1) ole FTC gore FTC FTC onga FTC FTC
FTC (TR2) (TR2) (TR1) (TR2) (TR1) (TR2)
(TR1)
Six Six Six Six Six Six Six Six
Farmers Farmers Farmers Farmers Farmers Farmers Farmers Farmers
Fig. 8 Schematic representation of the selected action sites and treatments
24

28. After the action sites and treatments have been selected, decision had to be made on the field
layout and the way forward on the piloting.
Table 8 Summary of seminar participant experts by partner institution
Participants
No. Institutions Decision Maker Expert Total
1 NMA 1 3 4
2 MoA 4 6 10
3 EIAR 1 3 4
Total 6 12 18
3.13.2 Participatory selection of crops and varieties
After launching the pilot project and engaging partner institutions, the next step was
introducing the pilot to selected development agents and farmers and selection of crop and
varieties (Table 9).
Table 9 List of crops and varieties used for commmnity based adaptation trial.
No. District Crop Variety
1 Ada’a Wheat HAR -604
2 Lome Teff DZ-CR-37
3 Adama Haricot beans AWASH-1
4 Boset Teff DZ-CR-37
Logistics, including agricultural inputs and responsible institution for a given task was
determined immediately. Finally, the workshop was winded up with every institution taking
its responsibilities and pledges towards the success of the objective underlying the CBA
based experimentation.
Table 10 Summary of development agents and farmers participated in pilot project
Participants
No District Development Agent Farmers
Male Female Male Female
1 2 12
1 Ada’a 0
2
2 Lume 1 10 2
3 Adama 2 1 11 1
4 Boset 2 1 11 1
Total 7 5 44 4
25

29. 3.13.3 Providing a dekadal weather forecast information to farmers and
DAs
In the process of downscaling the national level forecast product to the community level,
enhancing the frequency of the weather information provision and crop monitoring is crucial.
Installing plastic rain gauges and providing Crop Monitoring Format were the prior tasks
before planting on each of the FTCs fields, who are entitled to receive both technologies plus
weather information. In order to ensure the project success, the second training was also
conducted for 12 female and 11 male DAS DAs on how to record rain event from the rain
gauge and on crop phenology. Following the training, those selected DAs are expected to
report the recorded rainfall and observed phenological observations as well as crop
performance report every 10 days. Information on the probability of the start of rains and on
optimum planting dates of various crops and varieties were also issued at the beginning of the
rainy season.
Currently, community level forecast and early warning service for any abnormal performance
of the rainy season and the possible occurrence of dry spells is issued on dekadal (10 daily)
basis. A bulletin composed of crop performance report, whether impact assessment and
forecast (outlook) as well as agro meteorological advisories is delivered to development
agents every 10 day so that they could advise the farmer. Towards the end of the season,
yield forecasting will be conducted and compared with yields obtained by those farmers who
did not receive agrometeorological advisory service.
Table 11. Data and information to be disseminated and means of dissemination
No. Information Time resolution Means of dissemination
1 Early warning Any time Short message service (SMS) and
Regional Mass Media (Radio)
2 Weekly Weather Every week Regional Mass Media (Radio)
Forecast
3 10 daily agro- Every 10 days Fax, e-mail , direct contact
meteorological
advisory service
4 Monthly climate, Every month Fax, e-mail , direct contact
health and agro-
meteorological
bulletin
5 Seasonal climate Every season (bega, belg, Regional Mass Media (Radio) and
prediction kiremt) climate outlook forum (COF)
6 Seasonal climate, Every season (bega, belg, Fax, e-mail , Direct contact
prediction, agro- kiremt)
meteorological
bulletin
26

30. 3.13.4 Information communication tool on seasonal climate prediction
and weather forecasting
Information communication tool was prepared, considering the existing reality and current
level of communication tools which will be implemented in the pilot project. For details refer
Fig. 9.
Figure 9. Communication tool at various levels
4. Emerging opportunities
Ethiopia is committed to follow the climate resilient green economy approach, that
gives wider room for demonstration of values of the Rockefeller Foundation financed
in the new national initiative.
The omnipresence of the MOA till grass root level (the establishment of 11,000
Farmer Training Centers and 69,000 development agents positioning at community
level.
Enhanced interest of research to expand government funded research projects to
include CCA
27