energyefficientbuildingdesign-casestudy-cemlale-190515

Istanbul Technical University
Energy Institute Energy Science & Technology
EBT 530E Energy Efficient Building Design Spring
Semester 2015
Case Study
CASE STUDY ON A TYPICAL VILLAGE HOUSE IN
SAPANCA/DİBEKTAŞ DISTRICT
Cem LALE
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301961010
ABSTRACT
In this Case Study, We will extract previous work, which includes an analysis of a Sample House
located in Sapanca/Dibektaş village. In the first section you will see geographical orientation of the
house, using Google Earth, upcoming sections there will be statistics about Annual Climate
Characteristics of the region and Temperature Graphs can be seen . The Climate type of the region is
CFa, Altitude : 40Mt., Average Annual Temp: 14,3C, Average Rainfall : 740 mm. Upcoming Sections
there will be Simulation program trials on E-Quest and first two simıulations because of missing
input data, such as not possible to upload local Climate conditions, not selected Electric & Gas
Company, there was a limited output can be seen according to limited inputs. Additionally in this
Case study, we tried to locate similar charecteristics especially around 40th
parallel in US. We have
found some candidate cities such as Pittsburg, but since the rainfall characteristic and other
specifications is not matched it did not reflect %100 precise information. Howewer we made a
second work to understand output accordingly.
Regarding E Quest, we used 3 design wizard Scenarios , and dimensions of the building can be seen
realistic in upcoming sections. On the other hand, since we have limited options during the selection
of the insulation material, roof etc. parameters will not reflect %100 our sample and simple village
house. Although we’ve got some idea to focus on material usage on the house, since we have options
to concrete and wood.
In the 2nd
. Simulation we had a chance to observe some outputs which helped us to understand deeper
information about E-Quest Program.
In the 3rd
simulation, we’ve used only local conditions files, cooling and heating loads of the chosen
building for two different Wall Material selection.
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Istanbul Technical University, Energy Institute, Energy Science & Technology, EBT 530E Energy Efficient
Building Design

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION Page 3
2. GEOGRAPHICAL DATA Page 4
3. CLIMATE Page 5
4. E-QUEST ANALYSIS SIMULATION-1 Page 6
7. CONLUSION Page 47
8. REFERENCES Page 50

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1. INTRODUCTION
In our mid Term Report, we were studying on a Simple Village House located
near Sapanca Lake, Turkey. In the study basic construction information about this
building was given.
This Study is continuing to work on the Same Area/Building, next Section we’ve
added detailed Climatical information, Temperature graphs and rainfall
analysis,annually.
Also we will make three simulations for similar Structured Buildings which is
created on E-quest, and Compare their Design Wizard Steps.
Our Aim is understand the program capabilities, reportings and how we can get
help using defined design parameters, not only dimensions or Climate Data also
how we can use predefined and standardized information before decide to make
some work in our houses, or Business place.
In the last section, we used only Cad drawing of the House, and used Sapanca
Original Climate files which is directly imported to the E-Quest program,
followings steps we calculated “U” values of the building according to TS825.
And in conclusion part, we managed to compare two different materials in the
same conditions to understand differences in terms of Cooling & Heating analysis.

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2. GEOGRAPHICAL DATA
As seen in Figure 1. The House has coordinates in below map.
Figure1. Source Google Maps
Figure 2. Satellitewiew: The Building is in the red circle. Source: Google Earth

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3. CLIMATE
Regarding Climate data, additionally general information which was given in the first
report, here below Annual Climate Graph of Sapanca,
Figure3.Climate Graph- Source Climate-Data.org/AmbiWeb GmbH/OpenStreet/Map
contributors
As seen from the Graph July has lowest rainfall, Average Rain Fall is 740mm. The Altitude
is 40mt., and Climate Classified as : Cfa, which has similarities in some cities in States
which we tried to get some input for E-Quest.
Below Table Shows Temperature Graph, which shows seasonal characteristics:
Figure4. Temperature Values table Source: Climate-Data.org/AmbiWeb
GmbH/OpenStreet/Map contributors

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4. E-QUEST ANALYSIS-SIMULATION-1
Below Figure Shows 2D Geometry of our Sample house which created in E-Quest:
Figure5. Source E-Quest
Below Figure Shows 3D Appearance of our Sample House:

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Figure7. Source E-Quest- internal loads
Below steps and parameters as chosen to import our Sample House in the program to
evaluate simulation about given options :
STEP1

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Since our House is a Basic Family House, 2 floors, we try to avoid wrong options to create
far from our real building. In States options there are to many options helps to shaping our
simulation such as Code Analysis, Jurisdiction, Location (Especially in US Wheather files
comes automatically), And Electric, Gas Authorities with their usage profile tarrifs,
We have chosen “No Cooling” since our old building hasn’t got any HVAC equipment,
also Furnace meaning old style Cheminee, or Stove. Daylight Control and Usage details are
blank because of the same reason.
In STEP3, We have chosen the roof type, and Orientation according to Google Earth Data,
Also all dimensions entered by guessing, since we did not have Architectural Drawing of
the House. All Dimensions based on assumptions used site seeing experience.
According to dimensional calculations, we have found our Building area 276 ft2 for each
floor.
(Since some missing inputs we did not have Step2 Data)
IN STEP 4 we have chosen Wood Standart Frame, which was the closest option to our
original construction Technic “Bagdadi”, also Ext. Finish we have Chosen “Clay tile” and
Color “Orange” which represents most closest to original one.Above Grade Walls we had
STEP3:
Figure 9. Source E-Quest

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STEP4:
chosen Concrete, which represents most closest to original Stone, also gives a logic to our
case study during the comparisons between different structures in terms of “Life
Cycle”Since our Building is very Simple and Primitive, we did not select any insulation
material which represents modern technics. Regarding Ground Floor design, we’ve selected
“Earth Contact” and interior finish has chosen Carpet with Rubber Pad. Which is very
commonly used in traditional Turkish Houses.
According to our observations from Site Seeing, we have chosen 6” Construction for Grade
wall. And No Wall insulation material has chosen.
Infiltration data comes as a result :Perimeter 0,038 CFM/ft2 /Ext. Wall Area
Core 0,01 CFM/ft2/Floor Area

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STEP5:
IN STEP5, We have chosen internal finish Lay-In Acoustic Tile, and Framing Wood –
Standart Framing. No insulation has been chosen. In the Ceilings, try to linked original
conditions, as a result we have chosen Plaster Finish, In the Vertical Walls, we have chosen
Frame. In the Floors section as same in previous screen we continued to Carpet with rubber
pad. And 4 in. Concrete chosen for the floors.

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STEP6
IN STEP 6, we have chosen 1 Opaque door which reflects best according to original status
of the Sample House. Door Orienteation also selected South East. Door Dimensions has
calculated 6ft.x7ft. Wood, Hollow core Flush, 1-3/8 in.
IN STEP7, we selected percentage of Net Wall Area, Selected Glass Categories Double,
Guardian, and Sun-Guard SN-68 Clear/Air/Cleat , Wood/Vinyl, Fixed in 1,30 in. Wide.
Window dimensions is chosen according to observations by 3,33ft x3,33 ft. which brings us
to %18,5 window ratio (Flr-to flr), and net %24,7 (flr-to-ceiling)
IN STEP8, Since the Sample House hasn’t got any Shading over Window, we made it
blank.
IN STEP9, we did not place any Skylight which doesn’t exist in the original Sample either.
Between Steps 10-12 is not shown due to missing data..
IN STEP 13, We’ve Selected Activity areas as much as simple, since we have an
Abondened single Space Floors House, can be only guessed what it used to be.
IN STEP14, We’ve selected Lighting Areas of the rooms with some assumptions
Step 15 is not shown due to missing data.
IN STEP 16, We’ve selected none for all Unoccupied Zones
IN STEP 17, Since our Building using as a Family House, we’ve selected full occupation.

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13

14

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IN STEP 19, Since we do not have a Cooling System it is not selected, As Heating, because
of limitations in the menu, we’ve selected Gas Furnace System which is closest to our
Chosen Sampe House’s configuration.
STEP20:
IN STEP20,We have chosen fictive Cooling and Heating Setpoints of the House, to
understand how to respond, in reality this old house has no intelligent control.
IN STEP 21, We have Chosen 225 kbTuh for Heating.
IN STEP24, Output came out 1.107 SqFt Served as a result of previous selected
parameters.
IN STEP 25, we have chosen al days, and off very rare.
STEP26 has not shown due to missing data
IN STEP27, No Base Board has been selected.
IN STEP 28, No Hot Deck Resets has been chosen.
STEP 29-35 has not shown due to missing data
INSTEP 36 Has no Residential Domestic Water Heating.
INSTEP 37, Residendital Domestic Heating is none.

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IN STEP 38, Custom Electric rate has been chosen, also Block, and 1$/KW charges
selected considering local apx. Tarrifs.
STEP 39 has not shown due to missing data.
STEP21
STEP24

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Figure 23. E-Quest

19

20
Figure 26 Source- E-Quest
Figure27.- Source E-Quest

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Figure 28 Source E-Quest

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IN STEP40, Regarding Gas Ratesi we selected Thermal Block, and Incremental charges
symbolical..
In the and off all results because of missing data we did not get a Healthy result about our
building.
In Order to make a Comparison, we’ve made another model, as much as similar
characteristics chosen a place in the US.
5.SIMULATION2- A PRAY HOUSE IN PITTSBURG/PA
As seen above, Geometrical Shape stays similar, but little bir bigger.
Figure 31- Source E-Quest

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In 3D Model, also shows main differences with first Simulation.
Figure 32- Source E-Quest
As you can see in the first Wizard, when we’ve selected a location which has recorded in
the system, we have also options in every box.In below STEP3 again we’ve put some
values for our new Sample Building.

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As you can see ablove 4th
STEP table, Again we’ve selected Clay-Tile, and as much as
possible Wood Structure to stay linked our original house.

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You can see above as STEP5, we’ve selected some insulation.

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In then above 6th
Step, we’ve chosen 1 door.
In the 7th
Step above, we’ve put similar Window selections, except Glass Category.

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As seen Above, in the 8th
Step, we did not put Shades in this Scnerio either.

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As you can see in 9th
Step, Also did not choose Skylights.
In the 13th
Step, we have chosen Entire Year option, as we did in the previous selection.

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Same parameters valid for Step14th above..

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In 15th
Step, Area Type is chosen, Religious Worship because in our original Sample House
has no separated room inside, and this was the only option among the buildings.
In Step17th, different than previous Scnerio we’ve selected some inputs which creates
some value to analyse.

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In the 18th
Step, because of previous selections we have entire area free space.

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Figure44 Source E-Quest
In the22th Step above, We’ve selected electric loads as well.
In the 26th
Step, we also made selections according to seasons.

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In 28th
Step above, we have selected options from the menu.. which we could not do it in
Turkey location.

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Similarly we have chosen, No Cooling and differently no Heating in Step29th above.
And Step46th above result comes naturally,

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Above Step 48th
showed us to Charges more realistic.

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In Step 50th
To understand the Gaps, even we did not select Heating and Cooling, there has
been Gas charge here..
After Step 50th
, Simulation Tool has generated below figures :
According to above Table we have a chance to analyse Electrical Consumption Data
annually of the Model we’ve simulated.
And Additionally since we have Climate information loaded address base, and regulations
according to Geo Code, we have also Roof Insulation Data.
In Addition, all below Reports are available depend on the Analysis Point :

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As you can see above capture, since we did not selected Heating in the second simulation,
although we’ve selected tarrifs of Gas Providers, result appears “zero”.
Above Graph gives us Annual/Monthly Utility Bill for Electric and Insulation.
Above Graph reminds us how limited parameters we’ve mentioned during the design, that’s
why only Area Lighting and Exterior Usage can be seen.

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Above Report shows another perspective in terms of Electrical Consumption.
Even, placed limited data, because of Selected Defined materials provides us information
about lifecycle costs.

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Above Graph shows us, Savings analysis, which is “Zero” here, the reason we did not
manage selections with different options.
Above Table is another example to Monthly consumption reports.

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Even with limited data, above graph gives us an idea about managing Enduse load.
Another example for Peak time analysis given above.

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5. E-QUEST ANALYSIS- SIMULATION 3 ACCORDING TO TS825
In this simulation, we’ve created another file, with more presize information as well as
dimensions of the building also original Climate Files :
Figure61. 3rd
simulation- Source E-Quest
We in this Scenerio, we’ve skipped all the steps which was chosen in the previous
scenerios, and only floor, door, window placements and dimensions entered correctly.
Below figure gave us the base inputs before we start Heat Load, and Cold Load of the
building, which is wall thickness and components:

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Figure 62. Wall material
According to Wall structure, we’ve calculated simulation results considering 50cm.
Thickness of the wall, and this thickness includes 5cm. Roughcast from inside and outside,
10cm Timber and 20 cm. Stone.
When we wanted to go “U” Value calculation:
1/U=Ri+Re+R (w/m2K) (Ri:0,13, Re: 0,04 )
And each “R” value :
R = d/ʎ (R: Heat transmission resistance, d:Thickness of Construction Material, ʎ:Heat
Transmission value)
Using tables from TS825 we’ve found our values :
R= d1/ʎ1+d2/ʎ2+d3/ʎ3
d1/ʎ1=0,2/0,2 =1
d2/ʎ2=0,3/2=0,15
d3/ʎ3=0,1/1=0,1
if we put the values in place :
R=1+0,15+0,1=1,25 than,
1/U=0,13+0,04+1,25 =1,42
U=0,7 W/m2.K

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If we convert the value to BTU and F :
U=0,123 Btu/hft2F
After we’ve calculated this value we moved directly to the related reporting in the E-Quest,
and here below Heat Load-Cool Load Analysis of Scnerio 3 Building:

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If we compare seasonal Cooling and Heating loads can be seen below :
Figure64. Heating and Cooling Load results in Graph- Source-Cem LALE

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Based on these values we also created another material selection to make a comparison
with the previous table, again we used Light Concrete material this time, and selected ʎ for
Light Concrete is : 0,29 (according to TS825)
R : 1,82 and U becomes :0,5 W/m2K, with the same conversion technique we have found :
U=0,088 Btu/h.ft2F
Than second table :
Figure 65 Heating and Cooling Load values for different material source E-Quest

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And when we anaylsis in the graph:
Figure 66. Cooling and Heating load in Graph for Concrete material.- Source Cem LALE

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6.CONCLUSION
Here we saw how important to gather trustable information from a standardized system in
order to evaluate them during design. And also all Services connected and transparent ratios
applied world works even with very less data as proved in Simulation 2, a Prayhouse in
Pitssburgh/PA, first idea by doing this to understand with even less data if this system
really produces healthy information.
Why Pittsburg is actually at list tried to stayet with same Line of Longtitude with Sapanca,
which is 40th
.
Figure 67. Source: NASA
And below we look Climate conditions for Pittsburgh:
Figure 68. Source: Climate-Data.org/AmbiWeb GmbH/OpenStreet/Map
When we look at similar works, comparisons between different structures, especially
related in our 2 Simulation Models, Wood and Concrete Forms,
And when we look at Load Anaysis Graphs on the Simulation3, we see seasonal behavior
of the building in Timber and Concrete structure.

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From Max Cooling Load Light Concrete gives some advantages in summer time, on the
other hand according to regional climate in this case structural performances look very
similar:
Figure 69. Comparison Timber structure and Light Concerete structure together in cooling
and heating load spectrum. –Source – Cem LALE

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If we want to understand old buildings specific characteristics to adapt them into new
systems, we need to create a connected infrastructure to give opportunities people,
researchers, building owners to understand their add on to a Greener World.
Figure 70. Source- Cem LALE

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7.REFERENCES
Determination of the urban Heat Island in Sakarya City, Turkey
Mazhar Gümrükçüoğlu, Environmental Engineering Department, Sakarya, Turkey, Recent
Advances in Environmental and Biological Engineering, ISBN: 978-1-61804-259-0
Methods, Impacts, and Opportunities in the Concrete Builnding Life Cycle, August 2011
John Ochsendorf, Leslie Keith Norford, Dorothy Brown, Hannah Durschlag, Sophia
Lisbeth Hsu, Andrea Love, Nicholas Santero, Omar Swei, Amanda Webb, Margaret
Wildnauer
Concrete Sustainability Hub, Massachusettes Institute of Technology
Comparison of environmental Performance of a five-Storey Building Built with Cross
Laminated Timber and Concrete
Yue (Jessie) Chen
Department of Wood Science , University of British columbia, Vancouver, B.C. Canada,
August 31, 2012.
TS825 Standarts

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