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Point Source Water Pollution
- 1. Melissa Enoch Madoka Yoshino Leslie Tomic Temirlan Moldogaziev Courtney Bonney V625 Environmental Economics 2 April 2008
- 2. Which of these are point sources? ScienceDaily (Nov. 8, 2007) — Emissions from coal-fired power plants may be an important source of water pollution and fish contamination, say researchers at the University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health. Higher Levels Of Pollutants Found In Fish Caught Near A Coal-fired Power Plant Hoosic River Watershed Association “ While a municipal wastewater treatment plant might receive water from many sources, it discharges into a water body at a single point.” -USGS- YES NO YES
- 3. In your opinion, is clean water a…? Right 54% Privilege Neither 26% 17% Who do you believe should be responsible for funding the necessary improvements to the nation’s water and wastewater infrastructure? Federal Government 54% Local Ratepayers Both 21% 20% The Luntz Survey (2004)
- 11. Three Major Sources of Point Source Water Pollution
- 17. Example of BPT Regulations for Direct Discharger Resources for the Future, Harrington 2003
- 18. Example of BPT regulations for direct discharger (continued) Resources for the Future, Harrington 2003
- 21. Major Pollutants http://www.epa.gov/safewater/mcl.html
- 22. Major Pollutants Cont. http://www.epa.gov/safewater/mcl.html
- 23. Major Pollutants Cont. http://www.epa.gov/safewater/mcl.html
- 30. Wastewater treatment coverage Japan Sweden Holand Germany Canada U.S. U.K. Wastewater treatment Advanced wastewater treatment Population coverage rate of advanced wastewater treatment plants in various countries. Population coverage rate of wastewater treatment plants.
- 35. Livestock waste management http://cryo.naro.affrc.go.jp/index_e/1302A.jpg
- 40. Technology? Nature , 2003, July 3rd issue
- 49. Approximated cost-savings from US trading programs Source: Pharino C. 2007. Sustainable Water Quality management Policy, Springer Netherlands.
- 51. Projected Increase in BOD Source: EPA, 2002. The Clean Water and Drinking Water Infrastructure Gap Analysis
- 55. Type of trading vs. number of programs Are all the trading programs strictly PS to PS? Source: Pharino C. 2007. Sustainable Water Quality management Policy, Springer Netherlands.
- 56. Pollutant vs. Number of Programs Type of pollutant affects a choice of policy instrument Source: Pharino C. 2007. Sustainable Water Quality management Policy, Springer Netherlands.
- 57. Design Structure vs. Number of Programs Program Design structure determines who is in or out Source: Pharino C. 2007. Sustainable Water Quality management Policy, Springer Netherlands.
- 58. Numbers of trades vs. number of programs Are all the trading programs effective? Source: Pharino C. 2007. Sustainable Water Quality management Policy, Springer Netherlands.
- 60. Political processes determine – Who gets What, When, and How? Where do the policies come from? Direct contact/Participation in Decision making Execution of Decisions/Feedback/Gov Services
- 67. Savings from Pollution Prevention Source: Overcash, M., Environmental Management for the Future
- 68. Source: Horowitz, John., et. Al. 2006. Do Plants Overcomply with Water Pollution Regulations? The Role of Discharge Variability. Topics in Economic Analysis and Policy
Notas do Editor
- Very few examples: out of 6 pages.
- To promote the safer water reuse, advanced wastewater treatment may be required. 出典：国土交通省 都市・地域整備局 下水道部ホームページ． “ 高度処理の積極的な推進 ” （ 2 ）． http://www.mlit.go.jp/crd/city/sewerage/yakuwari/koudoshori.html
- CSO is likely to become greater problem in the cities of the US and other countries. With the warmer winter, there are increased rate of floods occuring in the world.
- Within the different industries, agricultural wastewater consists of % of the NPDES. Wastewater from agriculture has not been regulated, which is causing various NON-point source pollution. Concentrated
- These are a few examples of the technologies in use.
- With the increasing scientific and technological understanding, we are able to detect pharmaceuticals in the water. Although the land application of the activated sludge or reuse of water is getting common, we need to further research the negative effects of these reuse and recycle process. Higher technology will decrease the health effects but also increase the cost and will require higher skilled and educationed personnel.