Instructional Materials

A Training Packet You Can Work Through at
Your Own Pace!

Created by:
Christine Davis
Digital Media Teacher
Troy Middle School

Table of Contents Page

Introduction What is in this Training Packet? 1

Chapter 1 Assembling Video Equipment 3

Selecting a Filming Location and
Chapter 2 8
Setting Up Equipment

Chapter 3 Recording Video 13

Chapter 4 Testing Recorded Video 18

Chapter 5 Downloading and Saving Video 22

Chapter 6 Storing Equipment 26

Conclusion Bringing It All Together 30

Guide Sheet Laminated Checklist 33

Works Cited Sources of Information and Images 34

Intro Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Conclusion

Introduction
Have you ever watched a movie that really captured your attention? Close
your eyes and try to picture a scene from a movie you have seen recently.
Imagine, for example, the popular movie, “Titanic.” Are the clips in this
movie in-focus? Can you see the people clearly? Could you hear the voices
when you listened to this movie?

Now think back to the “Spot on Schools” video created by Digital Media Training
students earlier this school year. Were any of the people in these clips dark or Objectives
blurry? Was it difficult at times to hear their voices? Was the camera shaky?
Upon completion of this
Although the first example was created by professionals and the other was
training, you will be able
created by students, there are some simple steps you can take to shoot better
to:
videos.
 Assemble and video
As you complete this training packet, you will begin to bridge the gap between equipment.
these two examples. You will be able to create higher quality videos at home
or at school.  Select a filming
location and set up
W h at is in this Training Pa cke t ? equipment properly.

Information & Pictures  Record video using
This training packet contains all the information you need to complete the zooms, pans and lead
objectives listed on this page. There are also many pictures to help you space.
understand the information you read.
 Test video footage
Activities
Complete the activities listed in each chapter. The activities are easy to find,  Download and save
just look for the “play” button. After completing each chapter’s activities, you recorded video on a
will answer a few questions. computer.

Guide Sheet  Store Video
This packet also includes a laminated Guide Sheet. You will use this Guide Equipment.
Sheet and a dry-erase marker along the way to check off tasks that you are able
to complete.
Page 1


W h at is in this Training Pa cke t ?
(continued)
Rewind Column
Each Chapter will have a “Rewind” column that you can read for a quick chapter
review.

Pause Button
Each Chapter will have a “Pause” feature. This section will consist of an Rewind…
interesting fact dealing with the past, present and future of video production.
• Imagine how your own
Before You Begin… videos could be
There are some things you will need to know before you begin this training. improved.
Check off the tasks you already know how to do.
• Don’t forget to take the
 Find Video Camera Supplies (camera, tape, tripod, microphone, batteries, laminated Guide Sheet
charger) (and a dry-erase
marker) with you when
 Select the proper tape format for the camera you are using. you complete your
tasks.
 Identify the microphone input port on the video camera.
• Look at the pictures and
If you are unable to do any of these tasks, see Mrs. Davis before you start this diagrams in this packet
training packet. If you do know how to complete these tasks, read carefully, try carefully – they will
hard, and have fun! help too.

M ove on now to Chapter 1.

Pause!
In 1951, the first video tape recorder (VTR) captured live images from television cameras by
converting the information into electrical impulses and saving the information onto magnetic
tape. This first VTR was sold in 1956 for $50,000.

Page 2


Chapter 1: Assembling Video
Equipment

Getting ready to make a video recording involves getting the necessary
equipment, and assembling it. You will find all the equipment you need in the
Digital Media Equipment Room.

Select a Camera
Your first step is selecting a camera. There are two different brands of cameras
Chapter
available (Sony & Canon). The Sony camera is better to use indoors since it
handles low lighting situations well. This camera is older, so it is a little bulky. Objectives
The Canon video camera is much more compact but it is not recommended for
low-light situations. This is a great camera to use outdoors or in a well-lit area
like the cafeteria. Upon completion of this
chapter, you will be able to:
Select a Tripod
Next, you need to select a tripod to use to keep your camera steady. There are  Assemble Video
two different kinds of tripods to choose from also; one that is basic and one with Equipment.
an added feature of a built-in level. This is helpful when your subject (the person
you are filming) is positioned at a desk or our news booth. Assemble the camera  Select a Camera and
on the tripod by screwing the tripod connector to the bottom of the camera as assemble it on a tripod.
indicated below:
 Verify tape and battery
readiness prior to use.

 Install microphone and
headphones.

Page 3


Verify that the Tape and Battery are Ready
In order to prepare for videotaping, you must verify the tape and battery readiness. The tape to be used must
contain a label describing your project. If it does not, make your own label to adhere to the tape. This tape
should be inserted in the camera to make sure that it fits, and is
rewound fully. The Sony camera takes the larger tape (Digital8
format) and the Canon camera takes the smaller (MiniDV) tape
format.

Next the battery must be installed in the back of the camera. Simply
slide the battery into the slot on the camera in the direction of the
arrow.

If the battery is not installed properly, and indicator will appear on
the screen when the camera is on. Also, if the battery is not charged, an
indicator will appear on screen in the form of a blinking battery as
shown here:

If you see this blinking battery on the camera screen, it means
the battery is not charged.

Pause!
During the 1960s, NASA converted from using analog to digital signals with their space
probes to map the surface of the moon. Digital imaging was also used by the government in
spy satellites.

Page 4


Install the Microphone
If you will be recording voices or sounds that will not be dubbed over in the
editing process, then you will need to install an external microphone on the video
camera. The internal
microphone is usually
not sensitive enough to
record voices well and it
also picks up
background noise.

An external microphone Rewind…
is more sensitive and
picks up sound in the
direction that the • Sony Camera is better
microphone points only. for low-light. Canon is
better for well-lit areas.
• Label & rewind tape.
Installing Headphones
Using headphones while you are recording will allow you to hear exactly what • An external
sounds are being recorded. To install the microphone, simply plug the microphone improves
microphone cord into the matching input jack on the camera. This is marked on sound quality.
the camera with the word “Mic.”
• Use headphones while
The headphones can be installed by plugging them into the camera directly below recording to hear just
the microphone jack. what is being recorded.

Activity
Report to the DMC Equipment Room, select a camera, tripod, tape, microphone and
headphones. Install this equipment as described earlier in this chapter. As you complete this
activity, use a dry-erase marker to check off the steps listed in the Guide Sheet, and answer the
question on the next page.

Page 5


Questions

Directions: List the 6 pieces of equipment needed for each video shoot.

1. ________________________
2. ________________________
3. ________________________
4. ________________________
5. ________________________
6. ________________________

Directions: Complete the Yes / No question.

Did you complete the checklist on the laminated Guide Sheet? YES / NO

Page 6


Check Your Answers
6 Pieces of Equipment Needed

1. Camera
2. Tripod
3. Microphone
4. Headphones
5. Battery
6. Tape

If you were unable to answer these questions correctly or check off all the tasks, please review
Chapter 1 before moving on.

If you are able to list the 6 pieces of equipment
needed, and if you checked off the tasks in the
first part of the Guide Sheet, you can move on to
Chapter 2.

Page 7


Chapter 2: Selecting a Filming
Location

Choosing your filming location wisely is crucial to shooting quality video. There
are two main things to consider when choosing an appropriate filming location;
lighting and sound.

Lighting
When you began this training, you were asked to imagine a video created earlier
this year that contained clips in which the subjects were dark and hard to see. The Chapter
people in this video were hard to see because of “back-lighting.” This is a Objectives
common video problem that is very easy to solve. Just make sure there is no
window or major light source behind the person or action you are videotaping.
The diagram below shows an example of 2 different lighting conditions. When chapter, you will be able to:
you choose a location, find a front-lit spot.
 Select a filming
location

 Identify a quiet
location.

 Identify a front-lit
Back-lit Location Front-lit Location filming location.
The light comes from behind and The light comes from the front and
makes the subject too dark to see makes the subject more clearly  Set up equipment on
clearly. visible. location.
Sound
Before you start videotaping, go to your filming location and just listen. Do you  Position the tripod with
hear slamming lockers, hall traffic, yelling students or other distracting sounds? camera.
If you can hear them, your camera will record them. They may even sound
magnified on tape. Make your recording from a quiet location. For example,  Power on and test the
record your scene in the library instead of a noisy hallway, the gym lobby instead equipment.
of in the gym, or just outside the entry doors instead of in the busy main lobby.
Page 8


Setting Up Equipment on Location
Once you have found a quiet, front-lit filming location, you will need to set up your camera and tripod. Look
around the area and place your tripod in a spot where you
can clearly see the person or action you are recording. Camera Level Knob
Make sure there are no obstructions to your view.
Control
Arm
1. Open the tripod legs to the widest possible stance.
2. Adjust the height of the tripod using the leg locks and Height Adjustment
height adjustment crank.
3. Secure the camera on the tripod.
4. Point the camera toward the action.
5. Loosen the tripod control arm so that the camera can
be turned smoothly during recording.
6. Level the camera by turning the knob

Power On and Test the Equipment
Always make sure the camera and microphone are
working properly prior to recording. On the video Leg Locks
camera, turn the green button down toward “camera.”
Open the viewfinder and confirm that you can see an
image there. Is it lined up well? Try zooming in and back out to determine the best position to start with.

Experiment with all tripod adjustments so that you can achieve the best possible camera angle and view. Make
sure that you will be comfortable if filming for an extended period of time. You may even need a chair to sit in!

Pause!
In T.V. and film, the moving image is an illusion. What we really see is a series of still images
which change very rapidly. This trick to our eyes is called “Persistence of Vision” and it is
also what makes animation art convincing.
Page 9


Testing Equipment (Continued)
Now turn on the microphone by switching the button toward the “On” position.
With the headphones installed, tap on the microphone gently. Can you hear the
tap through the headphones? If you cannot, you either have the microphone or
headphones plugged in incorrectly or the battery in the microphone is dead.
Replacement batteries are in the Equipment Room. The picture below shows
where to plug the external microphone into the video camera.
Rewind…

• Choose a quiet filming
location. Background
noise is obvious in a
recording and often
sounds louder.
• Choose a front-lit
filming location. Light
behind your subject will
make the person hard to
see.
Microphone Input Jack • Test your equipment
before recording time
starts.

Activity
Set up the video equipment in the Digital Media Classroom as in a mock filming situation,
referring to the Guide Sheet as necessary. Then use a dry-erase marker to check off the
completed steps in the on the laminated Guide Sheet and answer the questions on the
following page.

Page 10


Questions

Directions: In the following list, determine which one is an example of a quiet location.
A. The hallway between periods.
B. A homeroom classroom.
C. The cafeteria during lunch.
D. The library entry hall during a class period



Page 11


Check Your Answers

In the following list, determine which one is an example of a quiet location.
A. The hallway between periods.
B. A homeroom classroom.
C. The cafeteria during lunch.
D. The library entry hall during a class period - This is the quietest location listed above. The other areas would
contain traffic, voices and background noise.

If you were unable to answer this question correctly or check off all the tasks, please review

If you were able to answer this question correctly,
and if you checked off the tasks on the Guide
Sheet, you can move on to Chapter 3.

Page 12


Chapter 3: Recording Video
Now you’re ready to record your video. It seems easy enough; you just press
record, right? Wrong. There are other decisions you need to make along the way,
such as, when to zoom in and how to follow a moving subject.

Recording
If the person or event you are videotaping is not moving or is stationed at a
certain spot, then you will keep the camera still and just press the red “record”
button near your right thumb. You will see a red indicator light when you look at Chapter
the viewfinder. Lock the tripod control arm so that your camera won’t move. Objectives
The camera will focus automatically on a subject that is not moving.

If your subject does move, follow the subject by moving the camera. Using the Upon completion of this
control arm of the tripod, slowly rotate the camera in the direction of the person’s chapter, you will be able
movement. to:

 Record video.
Always provide lead space in front of a moving subject. This means to allow space
for the subject to walk into by aiming the camera slightly ahead of the person. This  Determine if subject is
makes a video smooth and easier to watch. moving.

 Follow the subject with
lead space.

 Maintain camera
stillness to allow focus.

No Lead Space Lead Space
 Zoom and pan
This person appears to be moving out of Here he appears to have space to “walk gradually.
the picture, no lead space is provided. into.” This is an example of providing
This would require the camera to move lead space. This would make the video
the camera quickly to keep the subject more steady and smooth.
on-screen.

Page 13


Zooming
At times, zooming in while recording video can make the production more interesting. Zooming can make a
certain part of a video carry more importance or have more impact. For example, you may want to show a
detail such as a handshake between two people. Zooming in on a handshake draws attention to it and stresses
the importance of this handshake. In a football game, zooming in on a wide receiver at the time of an
outstanding catch emphasizes the significance of that play.

Zooming is easy. There is a zoom control on the camera above the “record” button. Shifting this button slowly
allows for a gradual zoom. Be careful though, if you zoom too rapidly, your audience will feel jarred by the
sudden motion!

Zoom Control

Pause!
Filmmaker, Ken Burns, is known for creating thought-provoking documentaries such as “The
Civil War.” Burns gives life to still photos in his movies by slowly panning or zooming across
them. The increases their visual impact. Apple Computer Company’s iMovie program has
named it’s pan and zoom tool the “Ken Burns Effect.”

Page 14


Panning
It may be important to move the camera off the subject and record to the left or
right of the main action. This is called “panning.” Panning can help you set the
scene by showing the audience the setting of the event.

Rewind…

• Use tripod locks to
keep camera still.
• Provide lead space for
moving subject.
• Zoom gradually to
emphasis or show
detail.

When you pan, use the tripod control arm, as pictured above, and move the • Pan slowly to show the
camera slowly from one side to the other. This motion should be very slow and setting.
gradual. Remember to tighten the control arm when panning is complete so that
your camera stays stationary.

Activity
Make a one-minute video with sound incorporating a gradual zoom, pan, following a moving
subject, and maintaining camera stillness. When you’re done recording, use a dry-erase
marker to check off the completed steps on the laminated Guide Sheet then answer the
question on the following page.

Page 15


Questions

Directions: Complete the Yes/No question.
Did you see the red indicator during your recording? YES / NO



Page 16


Check Your Answers

When recording, you should see a red indicator light in the viewfinder.

If you were unable to answer this question correctly or check off all the tasks, please review

and if you checked off the tasks on Guide Sheet,
you can move on to Chapter 4.

Page 17


Chapter 4: Testing Recorded Video

After recording some video, it is always a good idea to test the recorded footage
to make sure that it is there, and that it is acceptable. In order to view video
footage that has been recorded, the camera must be switched to VCR Mode. This
is the same button as was used to record the footage, it is just turned in the
opposite direction, toward the word, “VCR.”

Operate Camera in VCR Mode
1. Turn the camera’s power button toward the word, “VCR.” Chapter
2. Open the viewfinder. Objectives
3. Press Rewind on top of camera.
4. Press Play on top of camera to view footage. Upon completion of this
chapter, you will be able to:

 Test Recorded
Footage

 Operate Camera in
VCR Mode to
Playback Footage

 Determine if Video
is Audible and
Visible

 Cue Tape in
Preparation for
Download

Pause!
The two seconds experimental film, by Louis Le Prince on October 14, 1888 in Roundhay,
Leeds, West Yorkshire, England is generally recognized as the earliest surviving motion
picture .

Page 18


Is Video Audible and Visible?
Now is the time to determine if your video is easy to see and hear. Simply watch
the footage in the viewfinder, listen with the headphones and ask yourself these
questions while watching:

1. Can I see the person or event clearly?
2. Is the camera work steady?
3. Are pans and zooms gradual? Rewind…
4. Are the voices or sounds easy to hear?
• Use the VCR mode to
If you answer no to any questions, you may need to re-record the video, if
playback footage.
possible. When re-recording, don’t tape over the footage you already shot. There
may be some parts that are useful. • Use rewind/play
buttons to navigate
Watching this video is easy because it is short, but in the case of a longer video, through footage.
instead of watching the whole thing, at least view it in test spots, such as
beginning, middle and end. • Listen and look at
quality of video.
If your original footage is acceptable, rewind the tape and cue it to the right spot
• Re-record to improve
in preparation for downloading it.
video if necessary and
possible.
Steps in the process cueing a tape in preparation for download:
1. Switch camera to VCR Mode • Always cue the tape to
2. Open the viewfinder. the right spot for
3. Press the “rewind” button on the top of camera. downloading.
4. Rewind the beginning of recorded footage.
5. Turn camera off.

Activity
Now switch your camera to the VCR mode to review the one-minute video you recorded
earlier. Watch and listen to your footage. When you’re done testing the footage, use a dry-
erase marker to check off the completed steps on the laminated Guide Sheet then answer the

Page 19


Questions

Directions: Complete the following Yes/No question.

Can you see the video at the beginning, middle and end spots? YES / NO



Page 20


Check Your Answers

You should have been able to review the video in the viewfinder and with headphones.

If you were unable to see your footage, or did not check off all the tasks, please review Chapter
4 before moving on.

If you were able to test your video footage, and if
you checked off the tasks on the Guide Sheet, you
can move on to Chapter 5.

Page 21


Chapter 5: Downloading and Saving
Video
Now you are ready to download the video. This means that you will transfer the
video from the camera to the computer.

Connect Camera to Computer
Use a Firewire cable, to connect the camera to the computer. The symbol on one Chapter
end of the cable matches up with the same symbol on the computer. The other Objectives
end of the cable is inserted into the camera behind the flexible flap.

chapter, you will be able
to:

 Download Video

 Connect Camera to
Computer

 Create an iMovie
Create an iMovie File File
Open the iMovie application on your computer. You will be prompted to create a
new movie file and title it. Choose a title that is brief but does describe the video.  Import Video into
Look around the iMovie screen, you should see a large viewing area (top left), a iMovie
clips pane (right) and a storyline workspace (bottom). The video you will
download will soon appear in the clips pane.  Save iMovie File

Pause!
By the 1920s, Hollywood was producing an average of 800 feature films
annually. At this time, silent comedies of Charlie Chaplin and Buster Keaton
were popular.
Page 22


Follow these steps to download the video:

1. Switch camera to VCR mode.
2. Click on the the camera icon in iMovie.
3. Click on IMPORT button in iMovie.

The camera will begin playing and you will see the video on the computer screen.
If the IMPORT button is blue, then you are successfully downloading (importing) Rewind…
the video onto the computer.
• Use a Firewire cable
What if I can’t see my video when I try to import? to connect camera to
computer.
Try unplugging the Firewire cable, then plug it back in. Also
power-off the camera and then turn it back on. This usually • Use iMovie
resolves camera-computer connection problems. software.
• Camera must be in
It is important to save your movie file often while working with it. To do this, VCR mode.
click on the FILE menu, the SAVE PROJECT. When importing is complete, quit
the iMovie application completely. To quit an application on a MAC computer, • Look for the
click on the name of the program, and click QUIT. IMPORT button in
iMovie.
• Save often!
Activity
Create an iMovie file, download your one-minute video, and save this file, referring the
instructional packet for assistance. When you’re done with this activity, use a dry-erase
marker to check off the completed steps on the laminated Guide Sheet then answer the

Page 23


Questions

Directions: Write the correct word in the blank.

Which menu is the SAVE option under in the iMovie application? _____________________



Page 24


Check Your Answers

Which menu is the SAVE option under in the iMovie application? FILE.

If you did not answer this question correctly, or did not check off all the tasks, please review

and if you checked off the tasks on the Guide
Sheet, you can move on to Chapter 6.

Page 25


Chapter 6: Storing Video Equipment
Powering-off Equipment

It is important to remember to turn the camera and microphone off before storing
them so that it does not drain the batteries or wear out the pieces of equipment.

Chapter
To turn off the camera, turn the power button to the
Objectives
“Off” position as pictured to the right. Be sure that you
have not turned it too far, which is easy to do.
Turning it too far will switch it to a different mode and
will drain its power. Upon completion of this
chapter, you will be able
to:

 Power-off
To turn off the microphone, switch the power dial to the Equipment.
“Off” position as pictured here.
 Store Equipment

Also open the lid to the battery, which prevents
contact between the battery and terminal, thus
draining the microphone battery.

Pause!
There is a camera today that is used to capture quick bursts of video to play back
in slow-motion. It can capture a bullet being fired from a gun and the bullet can
be seen clearly, in slow motion. The camera does this by capturing up to 2000
still frames per second. A normal video camera captures 30 frames per second.
Page 26


Storing Equipment
This diagram shows where to store the equipment you have used.

Rewind…

• Always turn off the
camera and
microphone.
• Always “pop” the
battery of the
microphone.
• Store equipment as
diagrammed so it is
organized.

Activity
Turn off your video equipment and microphone and store all of it in the Equipment Room as
directed in this chapter. When you’re done with this activity, use a dry-erase marker to check
off the completed steps on the laminated Guide Sheet then answer the question on the
following page.
Page 27


Questions



Directions: List the two pieces of equipment that need to be powered off at the end of each
recording session.

1. _____________________
2. _____________________

Page 28


Check Your Answers

Directions: List the two pieces of equipment that need to be powered off at the end of each
recording session.

1. _____(Camera)
2. _____(Microphone)

If you were unable to the question correctly, or if you weren’t able to check off the tasks
on the Guide Sheet, review Chapter 6.

If you were able to answer this question
correctly, and if you checked off the tasks on the
Guide Sheet, you can move on to the Conclusion.

Page 29


Conclusion: Bringing It All Together
You’re almost there! You have assembled your equipment, set up on location,
recorded video, tested the footage and imported the clips into iMovie. Now you
need to see if the video you created contains the techniques you have practiced in
this training.

1. Open the video in iMovie. Overall
2. Watch the entire one-minute production. Objectives
3. While watching the video, answer the following questions:
When using video
equipment, you will be able
Self-Evaluation to:

Directions: Rate the quality of  shoot in-focus video
Directions: Answer the following
YES / NO questions:
each technique used in your video, with slow pans and
0-5 (5 being the highest quality) zooms
• Has your file been saved? YES /
NO • Zooming 012345  provide lead ahead of
• Panning 012345 subject of video
• Is your movie visible? YES /
NO • Lead Space 0 1 2 3 4 5
 avoid backlit and dark
• Is your video audible? YES /
• Steadiness 012345 filming locations
NO • Sound 012345
 shoot video with sound
that maintains level and
audible volume

by following all steps listed
in the laminated guide sheet.

Page 30


It’s A Wrap!
Congratulations. You have completed the “Ready,
Aim, Shoot Better Video” training. You now will have
more success in recording high quality videos.

Continue to practice these skills
and apply them to videos you
record at home or at school!

Great Job!
Now that you are a skilled videographer, take it a step
farther. Here’s a challenge: use iMovie to edit your video.

Page 31

Guide Sheet Guide Sheet
Ready, Aim, Shoot Better Video! Ready, Aim, Shoot Better Video!

Directions: Check off tasks as you complete them Directions: Check off tasks as you complete them
during the activity sections of each chapter. during the activity sections of each chapter.

Chapter 1 Assemble Video Equipment Chapter 4 Test Recorded Video
 Camera to tripod  Test Recorded Footage
 Insert tape & rewind  Operate Camera in VCR Mode to Playback
 Install battery Footage
 Check for battery charge  Determine if Video is Audible and Visible
 Install microphone & headphones  Cue Tape in Preparation for Download

Chapter 2 Select Filming Location and Set Up Chapter 5 Download & Save Video
Equipment on Location  Download Video
 Select a quiet filming location  Connect Camera to Computer
 Select a front-lit filming location  Create an iMovie File
 See an image when the camera was turned on  Import Video into iMovie
 Hear sound through the headphones when the  Save iMovie File
microphone was turned on and tapped
Chapter 6 Store Equipment
Chapter 3 Record Video  Power off camera and microphone
 Record Video  Remove camera from tripod
 Determine if the Subject is Moving  Remove tape from camera
 Follow the Subject with Lead Space  Plug camera into charger
 Maintain Camera Stillness to Allow Focus  Place camera on shelf, tripod in corner
 Zoom and Pan Gradually  Remove mic from camera, place on shelf
 Remove headphones and mic, place on shelf

Page 33

Works Cited

Images

1. Sony Handycam image on Cover Page and Page 2 attributed to My§tery_§uzi
via Creative Commons License.

2. Movie reel image watermarked on Table of Contents attributed to
http://www.physics.brown.edu.

3. Pause and play and rewind button images attributed to www.healthbolt.net.

4. Lighting example image on page 10 attributed to
http://www.techlearning.com.

5. Applause image on multiple pages attributed to: http://www.rockcentral.co.uk

6. All other images created by author.

Information

1. Pause Facts attributed to http://inventors.about.com

Page 34

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