1. Chapter 1Chapter 1
Study Guide ReviewStudy Guide Review

2. I. VocabularyI. Vocabulary

3. Mural
❖ Letter G: A painting on a wall

4. mosaic
❖ Letter B: A picture made up of small pieces of tile, glass,
or colored stones.

5. scribe
❖ Letter F: A person trained to write or copy directions by
hand.

6. Vault
❖ Letter H: An arched structure used to hold up a ceiling or
a roof.

7. proverb
❖ Letter C: A popular saying that is meant to express
something wise or true.

8. cathedral
❖ Letter J: A large and important church

9. dome
❖ Letter E: A roof shaped like a half-circle or hemisphere

10. fresco
❖ Letter D: A painting on a wall

11. philosophy
❖ Letter A: The study of wisdom, knowledge, and the
nature of reality

12. aqueduct
❖ Letter I: A pipe or channel built to carry water between
distant places

13. II. Fall of RomeII. Fall of Rome
ReasonsReasons

14. Social Reasons
❖ growing corruption within the empire
❖ decline in the spirit of citizenship (didn’t feel like “they”
belonged in the empire.)
❖ Emperors wasted a lot of money.
❖ Increase in crime made the empire’s cities and roads
unsafe.

15. Political Reasons
❖ Never figured out a way to peacefully transfer political
power to a new leader.
❖ Rivals would often take the “throne” when an emperor
died.
❖ No good system of selecting a new emperor
❖ The Praetorian Guard, the emperor’s army, would often
pick the next emperor based on what was in it for
them...not was best for the empire.

16. Economic Reasons
❖ To pay for the large armies, Rome’s citizens had to pay
Heavy Taxes.
❖ Heavy taxes put many people into poverty
❖ Trade suffered
❖ Unemployment became a problem
❖ Large landowners took over large estates which meant
the small landowners were left with nothing.

17. Size of the Empire Reasons
❖ The empire was too large to defend.
❖ Roman armies could not communicate with other leaders
in the army that may be stationed in different parts of the
empire.
❖ When new areas were taken over, these new citizens
joined Rome’s army, but didn’t have the same loyalty as
people who were born in Rome.

18. III. GeographyIII. Geography
ChallengeChallenge

19. Advantages/Disadvantages
❖ Coastal:
❖ Advantage: People have access to waterways which
makes travel and trade easier.
❖ Disadvantage: People living on the coast can be easily
attacked by outside invaders.

20. Advantages/Disadvantages
❖ Mountains:
❖ Advantage: You weren’t attacked very often.
❖ Disadvantage: It is very difficult to travel through
through the mountains as well as trade.

21. 16. What bodies of water
are near Europe?
❖ Mediterranean Sea, Atlantic Ocean, Adriatic Sea,
Baltic Sea, North Sea, English Channel, etc.

22. 17. What continent is
located to the south of
Europe?
❖ Africa is located south of Europe.

23. 18. What continent is
located to the east of
Europe?
❖ Asia is located to the east of Europe.

24. IV. General QuestionsIV. General Questions

25. 19. What does the term
stoic mean?
❖ Someone who believes that a person must have good
character and live in agreement with nature.

26. 20. What group influenced
Roman art?
❖ The group that influenced Roman art were the
GREEKS!

27. 21. Who was the first to rule for the
Roman Empire? What
accomplishments did he do for the
Roman Empire?
❖ Caesar Augustus
❖ He stopped 100 years of civil war
❖ He expanded the boundaries of the empire

28. 22. What is natural law and what does
it believe that everyone has?
❖ Natural law is a universal of justice that comes from
nature.
❖ Natural law believes that everyone has rights.

29. 23. How did Latin help influence the
English language?
❖ Words in English use many of Latin’s prefixes as well
as root words.

30. 24. What does the word engineering
mean?
❖ The branch of science and technology concerned with
the design, building, and use of engines, machines,
and structures.
❖ Many times it deals with how something works!!

31. 25. What does the word architecture
mean?
❖ The art or practice of designing and constructing
buildings.

32. V. Opinion QuestionsV. Opinion Questions

33. 26. “All Roads lead to
Rome”
❖ Volunteers to hear their answers

34. 27. “Rome perished, yet it
lived on”
❖ Volunteers to hear their answers

35. 28. Engineering or
Architecture....greatest
impact?
❖ Volunteers to hear their answers