Front-end loaders, also known as wheel loaders or bucket loaders, are heavy construction equipment used to load materials into trucks or other machinery. They have a front-mounted bucket connected to two boom arms. Loaders come in various sizes, with bucket capacities ranging from 0.5 to 36 cubic meters. Common manufacturers of loaders include Caterpillar, John Deere, Komatsu, Volvo, and JCB. Safety is important when operating loaders, and machines display signs warning of risks like rollovers.

1. stv cc ppt unit I (1.2) em&ce- capacity and application of earthmovers
2. Front - end loaders.
Unit I (1.2)
Earth moving and construction equipmentscapacity and applications of earthmovers-2. Front-end loaders.
BAM 802 SPECIAL TYPE OF VEHICLES
2013-2014
- C.COOMARASAMY- PROF/AUTO- BIST

2. 1.2.2. LOADER
A loader is a heavy equipment machine often used in
construction, primarily used to load material (such as
demolition debris, dirt, snow, feed, gravel, logs, raw
minerals, recycled material, rock, sand, and woodchips) into or
onto another type of machinery
(such as a dump truck, conveyor belt, feedhopper, railcar, laying pipe, or into an open trench excavation).
A loader is also known as:
 bucket loader,
 front loader,
 front end loader,
 pay loader,
 scoop,
 shovel,
 skip loader, and/or
 wheel loader.

3. 1.2.2. LOADER
It is a type of tractor, usually wheeled,
sometimes on tracks, that has a front-mounted square wide bucket
connected to the end of two booms (arms) to scoop up loose material
from the ground, and move it from one place to another without
pushing the material across the ground.
True Self-Leveling (TSL)

4. 1.2.2. LOADER
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In construction areas loaders are also used to transport building
materials - such as bricks, pipe, metal bars, and digging tools - over
short distances.
A loader is not the most efficient machine for digging like a backhoe
as it cannot dig very deep below the level of its wheels.
The capacity of a loader bucket can be anywhere from 0.5 to 36m3
depending upon the size of the machine and its application.
The front loader's bucket capacity is generally much bigger than a
bucket capacity of a backhoe loader.
Large loaders, such as the Kawasaki 95ZV-2, John Deere
844K, Caterpillar 950H, Volvo L120E, Case 921E, or Hitachi ZW310
usually have only a front bucket and are called Front Loaders, whereas
Small loader tractors are often also equipped with a small backhoe
and are called backhoe loaders or loader backhoes or JCBs, after
the company that first invented them.

5. 1.2.2.1. LOADER - TYPES
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1 Heavy equipment front loaders
2 Armored Wheel Loaders
3 Tractor front loaders
4 Compact front end loaders
5 Skid loaders & track loaders
6 Swingloaders
7. Back-hoe loaders
Loading a truck
Track loaders
Swingloaders
Front End Loaders on CUT size tractors
Back-hoe loaders

6. 1.2.2.2. WHEELED LOADER
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Most loaders are wheeled and not tracked, although
track loaders are common.
They are successful where sharp edged materials in construction
debris would damage rubber wheels, or where the ground is soft
and muddy.
Wheels provide better mobility and speed and do not damage paved
roads as much as tracks, but provide less traction.
Front loaders are commonly used to remove snow especially from
sidewalks, parking lots, and other areas too small for using snowplows
and other heavy equipment.
They are sometimes used as snowplows with a snowplow attachment
but commonly have a bucket or snow basket, which can also be used to
load snow into the rear compartment of a snowplow or dump truck.
High-tip buckets are suitable for light materials such as chip, peat and
light gravel and when the bucket is emptied from a height.

7. 1.2.2.2. WHEELED LOADER
Wheeled Loader
Where ground conditions permit, the wheeled loaders is finding
increasing favour on the construction site.
Articulated version offset the reduction in maneuverability of the
larger models which might otherwise limit their use on the more
congested site.
A relatively small front loader

8. 1.2.2.3. TRACKED / SKID LOADER
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A tracked /skid loader is a small loader utilizing four wheels with
hydraulic drive that directs power to either, or both, sides of the vehicle.
Very similar in appearance and design is the track loader, which utilizes
a continuous track on either side of the vehicle instead of the wheels.
Tracked /Skid Loader
Close-up of articulated steering apparatus

9. 1.2.2.4. FRONT END LOADER - DEFINITIONS
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Attachment- a bucket or other implement designed to be attached.FEL.
Competent person - for any task means a person who has
acquired, through training, qualifications or experience, or a combination
of them, the knowledge and skills to carry out that task.
FEL - front end loader, a unit consisting of lifting arms and fastening
devices, designed to be mounted on the front of an agricultural tractor
and equipped for fitting of a bucket or other attachment.
Rated capacity- the maximum lift capacity (in kilograms) at maximum
height for the FEL and standard bucket, determined in accordance with
ASAE S301.
Rollback - losing control of the load, resulting in the load falling
rearwards onto the tractor and/or operator.
ROL - rated operating load, the maximum load (in kilograms) that can
be lifted to full height without exceeding the tractor specifications and
still maintaining stability – ROL is determined for a specific tractor,
FEL and attachment combination.

10. 1.2.2.4. FRONT END LOADERS
Allied Farm King
95 Series | Midmount 2000 Series |
Compact front end loaders
John Deere compact utility tractor

11. 1.2.2.4. FRONT END LOADERS
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Allied by Farm King front-end loaders are backed by years of
extensive research. Factory testing simulates specific operations to
evaluate durability; days of continuous cycling in raising, twisting and
dropping loads using a programmed hydraulic power unit represents
years of extreme use.

12. 1.2.2.4. FRONT END LOADERS
HYDRAULIC SHOVEL
MACHINE MADE UP OF A PIVOT CAB WITH A BUCKET ATTACHED FOR MOVING VARIOUS TYPES OF MATERIAL.

13. 1.2.2.5. ROLLBACK ELIMINATION SYSTEM.
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With self-leveling anti-rollback device
incorporated into the FEL and its
attachments, the angle remains the same and
ensures the risk of rollback is eliminated when
operated correctly.
✓
The angle of the earthmoving bucket
attachment, relative to the ground, is greatly
increased as the FEL is raised, which allows the
load to rollback on to the tractor or 0perator.

14. 1.2.2.6. CENTRE OF GRAVITY
Change in centre of gravity and stability by adding a FEL

15. 1.2.2.7. FRONT-END LOADERS - ATTACHMENTS
Front-end loader attachments
Attachment connection

16. 1.2.2.7. FRONT-END LOADERS - ATTACHMENTS
Standard Bucket
Available in 48", 60", 72", 84",
96" and 100". Capacities range
from 6.3 cu. ft. up to 1.19 cu. yd.
Large Capacity/
Snow Bucket
Available in 84" and 100" sizes.
Capacities range from 1.35 cu.
yd. up to 2.25 cu. yd.
Manure Bucket
Available in 67" and 85" sizes.
Dirt plate extension kits are
available to convert bucket to
standard use. Tines are included.
Snow Blade
For front end loader or skid steer
configuration. Reversible cutting
edge. Dual acting cylinder
hydraulics provide hands free
angle adjustment.

17. 1.2.2.8. FRONT END LOADER - SPECIFICATIONS
'ULTRA' SERIES
MODEL
BUCKET WIDTH
(MILLIMETRES)
BUCKET
CAPACITY (CUBIC
METRES)
LIFT HEIGHT IN
METRES (LEVEL)
LIFT HEIGHT IN
METRES
(DUMPED)
DIGGING DEPTH
(MILLIMETRES)
LIFT
CYLINDER(STROK
E / BORE MILLIMETRES)
SELF
SUPPORTING
DUMP ANGLE
(DEGREES)
RECOMMENDED
HYDRAULIC
PRESSURE (PSI)
TRACTOR POWER
RATING
REQUIRED (KW)
ARM WIDTH
(MILLIMETRES)
DRIVE IN DRIVE
OUT FRAME
GRILL GUARD
M1
M2
M3
ML
L1
L2
L3
1100 mm
1200 mm
1500 mm
1800 mm
1800 mm
2200 mm
2400 mm
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.9
2.2
2.4
3.0
3.6
3.9
4.3
1.6
1.9
2.1
2.6
3.1
3.3
3.6
50
50
50
75
75
80
100
305 x 50
380 x 50
455 x 50
455 x 75
610 x 75
765 x 75
915 x 75
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
65
65
65
65
65
65
65
2200
2200
2200
2200
2400
2400
2400
to 15
to 24
to 38
to 50
to 70
to 105
to 150
850
850
850
1250
1250
1250
1250
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
LEVEL INDICATOR YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
LEVEL LIFT
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES

18. 1.2.2.9. NOTABLE MANUFACTURERS
L&T
Case
Caterpillar
Doosan Infracore
(formerly Daewoo Heavy Industries & Machinery) - including Solar brand
JCB
John Deere
Kawasaki
Komatsu
Kubota
Manitou
LeTourneau
Liebherr
LiuGong
New Holland
Volvo Construction Equipment
Wacker Neuson
XCMG

19. 1.2.2.10. SAFETY SIGNS/DECALS
The FEL must clearly display
pictorial and written signs
warning against the serious
safety risks.
FEL attachments may also
require pictorial and written
signs warning against their
specific serious safety risks.
These are examples of
safety signs that may be used.