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One Child Policy in ChinaBy: Michelle Ho,[object Object]
Introduction,[object Object],The one child policy in China was to ensure that the big population of China would decrease,[object Object],Families are allowed to only have 1 child if the first one is a boy and 2 if the first one’s a girl,[object Object],It caused a lot of abortions among female infants,[object Object],The one-child policy made an unequal amount of males to females,[object Object]
History of the One Child Policy,[object Object],There were 250 million additional people living in the country by 1970,[object Object],Mao Zedong let people have as much babies as they want because like he said, “Of all things in the world, people are the most precious,[object Object],China had lots of floods and famines and most families didn’t have enough to get feed,[object Object],China was the world’s 4th largest country,[object Object],The One Child Policy was introduced by Deng Xiaoping in 1979,[object Object],The goal of it was to keep the population below 1.3 billion by the year 2000,[object Object],By the mid-eighties, increase of birth control surgeries, abortions, sterilizations, and IUD injections were growing more than thirty million a year,[object Object],Baby boys are more important than baby girls because the baby boy keep the family’s last name, pass family heirlooms onto their sons, and take care of elders,[object Object]
Political conflict,[object Object],A couple may have a second child after a gap of several years after their first child,[object Object],The government improved the health care of women and children, educated people, and provided birth controls for free,[object Object],The price of school fees has increased in the country ,[object Object],Researchers estimated that there are 111 males for every 100 females for marriages making generations harder to reproduce,[object Object],The current fertility rate is between 1.7 and 1.8 births per woman,[object Object],During the 1970’s, China began encouraging later marriages, longer gaps between births, and fewer children,[object Object],The elderly population is also increasing because of the working-age population which isn’t  expected to decrease until 2015,[object Object],Urban parents were allowed to have 2 kids if both of the parents are an only child but, rural parents can only have one kid unless the first is a girl,[object Object]
Economical Conflict,[object Object],A second child brings at least a $3,500 fine,[object Object],A $3,500 fine is equal to 2 decades of income in China,[object Object],During the 1970’s, China began encouraging later marriages, longer gaps between births, and fewer children,[object Object],It was estimated that the population growth will be reduced from 1.3 billion to 300 million people over the first 20 years,[object Object],Middlemen earned about $30 for buying a child,[object Object],$30 could be used for building houses and buying tractors for villages,[object Object],Government officials said they prevented 400 million births since the one child policy started,[object Object],Some families just wanted to have one child because of the pressure of getting an education and needs for the child and managing money,[object Object],Couples in the country side could live with a large number of children ,[object Object]
Abandoned/Living Children,[object Object],Babies are abandoned in public places such as crowded streets, railroads, and in front of public buildings so they can be more visible,[object Object],Handicapped babies are also abandoned because most parents don’t have the money to cover for additional needs,[object Object],Many children lived with no siblings, aunts, uncles, or cousins,[object Object],The  “4-2-1” problem” is when one adult is left to care for his or her parents and 4 grandparents,[object Object],With just one adult to take care of elders, most older people rely on more retirement benefits and if personal savings fail and the adult child can’t take care of them, they would have no help,[object Object],Some people worry that the children wouldn’t have a lot of communication skills because they have no siblings in their household,[object Object],Some people also think it’s not good for children to only play with their parents,[object Object],Since there are no other siblings in the household, their parents’ are most likely to spoil them,[object Object]
Current Status of One Child Policy,[object Object],An earthquake hit China killing an estimated amount of 10,000 children but because of the one-child policy, families lost only one child,[object Object],Shanghai tries to end the one child by being allowed to have 2 children,[object Object],The officials were afraid that there wouldn’t be enough of the younger generation to take care of the older generation,[object Object],Both parents worked full time with long hours. Shopping and cooking was part of their daily routine,[object Object],Rural families had a more difficult life because peasants who had limited savings and very few pensions need children to support them in their elderly age,[object Object],Employment, housing, education, and other benefits have been reduced recently,[object Object]
Forced Abortions,[object Object],Abortions are shocking to families because the  laws were more relaxing for many families having 2 children.,[object Object],Many couples believed that they could pay a fine to keep their second baby,[object Object],Even if the parents don’t want to have an abortion, it was the officials’ choice,[object Object],About 500 Chinese women commit suicide each day because of the pressures of the one-child policy,[object Object],Many parents want a son to take care of them in their early age because their daughter moves out, so most of the abortions were among females,[object Object],Some injections of abortions can kill women,[object Object],If a couple have an illegal pregnancy, it must be canceled,[object Object]
Fines from not following One Child Policy,[object Object],People who disobey birth control laws got fined $370,[object Object],Some rich families want more than 1 or 2 children and won’t mind paying off fines,[object Object],If the fine isn’t paid, the couples land is taken away, their houses get destroyed, they get fired from jobs, or their children can’t attend school,[object Object],Some would also have to pay their fines with 200 kilograms of rice,[object Object],Families in the city Guangzi are afraid of breaking the rules because they are poor and they would have a hard time paying fines,[object Object]
Undocumented Children,[object Object],Extra children born to their parents that reached the one child policy aren’t allowed to get a birth certificate or proper documentation which effects them a lot because they can’t go to school or do anything legally,[object Object],Some parents that are in political or religious activities will still be punished for denying birth certificates or documentation even if they only have one child,[object Object],A lot of parents with more than 2 children don’t register with the government because it only brings more trouble,[object Object],“Black Permit” children are children that are born and raised in secret and was shuffled along relatives and grandparents so they won’t be found that easily,[object Object],There are an estimated amount of 6 million undocumented children in China,[object Object]
Avoiding the One Child Policy,[object Object],Migrants to the city are more likely to break the policy than urban residents,[object Object],To get more children legally, parents give birth abroad, pretend their children is handicapped, or get divorced and remarried,[object Object],Parents sometimes lie that their second child is a twin to their first child ,[object Object],By the mid-2000’s many children were born avoiding the rules and only 1 in 5 was an only child,[object Object]
 Children from Orphanages,[object Object],Some children who are in orphanages were took away by family planning officials and orphanages would sell the children to adopting parents. Most from the United States.,[object Object],Money from orphanages were used for food, clothing, and medicine and foster parents usually get $30 a month,[object Object],Family officials don’t have the right to kidnap babies but some of them trick illiterate parents to sign forms for orphanages,[object Object],The village of Tianxi have officials that would most likely take babies away because they usually hear for evidence of babies. Like crying or diapers on cloth lines,[object Object]
People Allowed to Have Additional Children in China,[object Object],In the cities of Guangdong and Hainan, rural couples could have 2 children and it doesn’t matter which gender came first,[object Object],Urban couples are satisfied with one child families and are restricted to just 1 child,[object Object],Parents who have a child handicapped are allowed to have another child,[object Object]
Changes about One Child Policy,[object Object],There was a rumor in the mid 1980’s that the government was going to change the policy because they birthrate was increasing,[object Object],By the late 1990’s most aspects of the one child policy were ended. Second children were longer banned from hospitals and schools,[object Object],In the early 2000’s forced abortions and sterilizations were banned,[object Object],Parents get financial awards for having one child,[object Object],In May 2007, protesters protest for having heavy fines on extra children. Buildings and cars were burned down and, fought police with guns,[object Object]
Conclusion,[object Object],My reaction to the one child policy is that they shouldn’t make it so strict at first. Couples should get to choose whether or not they want the baby and they shouldn’t get forced abortions. The government should also allow couples to have more female babies because there is an uneven amount of males to females. I don’t blame the people who are willing to lie so they could keep the baby because it’s their baby and they should keep it if they could raise it. I also like the recent laws made because it valued peoples’ opinions.,[object Object]

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